unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and the vet sector

Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and the VET

sector

Sarah-Jane Saravani

Shar-e-Fest, Hamilton, 11 October, 2013

Investigation

Competencies required of vocational education and training (VET) sector library staff in Australia and New Zealand to deliver services to mobile technologies

Specific Objectives • Investigate library staff confidence in using mobile technologies• Determine the skills and knowledge required by library staff to

develop library services to mobile technologies• Examine professional development opportunities available to library

staff• Determine preferred method of library staff engaging in professional

development• Examine the usefulness of applying a research model of technology

acceptance to predict library staff mobile technologies usage

Technology acceptance models

• 1963 - Rogers, the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) • 1975 - Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA, Fishbein & Ajzen)• 1986, 1991 - Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB, Ajzen &

Madden)• 1989 - Technology Acceptance Model (TAM, Davis) • 1991 - Model of PC Utilization (MPCU, Thompson, Higgins,

& Howell)

• 1992 - Motivational Model (MM, Davis, Bagozzi, & Warshaw)

• 1995 - Combined Theory of Planned Behavior/Technology Acceptance Model (C-TPB-TAM, Taylor & Todd)

• 1986/1995 - Social Cognitive Theory (SCT, Bandura, 1986; Compeau & Higgins, 1995)

UTAUT

Adapted from “User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View,” by V. Venkatesh, M. G. Morris, G. B. Davis and F. D. Davis, 2003, MIS Quarterly, 27(3), p. 447.

UTAUT - modified

Determinant constructsUTAUT determinant Definition

Performance Expectancy (PE) Degree to which an individual believes that using the system will help him/her to

attain gains in job performance

Effort Expectancy (EE) Degree of ease associated with use of the system

Social Influence (SI) Degree to which an individual perceives that important others believe he/she

should use the new system

Facilitating Conditions (FC) Degree to which an individual believes that an organisational and technical

infrastructure exists to support the system

Moderator constructs

• Service length

• Service experience (position)

• Voluntariness of use

• Technology competence

Hypotheses

• H1. The influence of performance expectancy on behavioural intention will be moderated by service length, service experience and technology competence, such that the effect will be stronger for shorter service length, for service experience that excludes the position of Library Manager, and for greater technology competence.

• H2. The influence of effort expectancy on behavioural intention will be moderated by service length, service experience and technology competence, such that the effect will be stronger for greater service length, for service experience that excludes the position of Systems Librarian, and for lesser technology competence.

• H3. The influence of social influence on behavioural intention will be moderated by service length, service experience, voluntariness of use and technology competence, such that the effect will be stronger for shorter service length, for service experience that excludes the position of Library Manager, particularly in mandatory situations and for lesser technology competence.

• H4. The influence of facilitating conditions on use behaviour will be moderated by service length and technology competence, such that the effect will be stronger for greater service length and greater technology competence.

• H5. Behavioural Intention (independent variable) will have an influence on mobile technology usage (dependent variable)

• H6. Use Behaviour (independent variable) will have a direct influence on Service Delivery to mobile technologies (dependent variable).

Informing Use Behaviour: Impact of Adoption of New Technologies upon Workforce Attitude - Perceived Benefits for

Patrons Performance expectancy (3 responses)

H2: Staff like to see improvements in technology, from a professional point of view - it

means they are improving services to their customers.

N3: Others are focussed on customer service and can help students. It is an advantage

to them that they do not feel stupid and can help someone. They are feeling empowered

and can make a difference – they don't have to wait for ITS to help. They can show the

students instead themselves.

Effort expectancy (1 responses)

F3: Other areas have implemented it when they realised it was something that could be

done - interloans and ... students.

Social influence (3 responses)

E3: The main feedback from students is positive, this makes the staff feel good about

what they are doing. They are very positive about the changes.

H3: I feel more fulfilled being able to assist the distance students. We feel that we are

not stagnant, we are moving ahead, learning.

Facilitating conditions (3 responses)

E2: It is not a lack of adoption of new technologies as such. We haven’t adopted

hardware for students – we have gone down a virtual library route. ... Online learning is

promoted. A lot of our courses are either blended or online

N1: It has given staff a more creative outlet, we need to keep relevant in the educational

area otherwise we become a dinosaur.


Patrons by Position

Position Code Number & Percentage

Library Manager D1, K1, N1 3 (30)

Systems Librarian A2, E2, H2 3 (30)

Qualified Librarian E3, F3, H3, N3 4 (40)


Patrons by Construct Mapping

DC

MC

Service

Length

Service

Experience

(Position)

Voluntariness

of Use

Technology

Competence

Performance

Expectancy

1 shorter

1 medium

1 greater

2 Systems

1 Lbn

n/a 2 competent

1 comp/advanced

Effort

Expectancy

1 greater 1 Lbn n/a 1 average

Social

Influence

2 medium

1 greater

1 LM

2 Lbn

3 voluntary 1 beginner

1 average

1 competent

Facilitating

Conditions

1 shorter

1 medium

1 greater

n/a n/a 1 competent

1 comp/advanced

1 advanced

Hypotheses results• H1. Result: Effect spread evenly across service length (Partially Supported),

for service experience excluding Library Manager (Supported) and for greater technology competence (Supported).

• H2. Result: Effect stronger for greater service length (Supported), for service experience that includes Librarian (Supported) and for lesser technology competence (Supported).

• H3. Result: Effect is stronger for medium to greater service length (Unsupported), for service experience that excludes Systems Librarian (Unsupported), for voluntary situations (Unsupported) and is spread evenly across lesser and greater technology competence (Partially Supported).

• H4. Result: Effect is equal across service length (Partially Supported), and stronger for greater technology competence (Supported).

Post-mortem • The model proved useful in testing the majority of the coded data,

problems of reduced reliability occurred when participants were asked to assess external variables, such as perceived student response.

• The four hypotheses accompanying the model generated full and highly-detailed results. However, in many cases the findings that emerged did not support the hypotheses.

• This is illustrative of the complexity of the factors influencing technology acceptance and associated outcomes and the difficulties of any single model fully addressing such complexities.