unisys cobol

unisys imagine it. done.

OS 2200

ASCII COBOL

Programming Reference Manual

Level 7R3K

June 2010 7830 7709002

NO WARRANTIES OF ANY NATURE ARE EXTENDED BY THIS DOCUMENT. Any product or related information

described herein is only furnished pursuant and subject to the terms and conditions of a duly executed agreement to

purchase or lease equipment or to license software. The only warranties made by Unisys, if any, with respect to the

products described in this document are set forth in such agreement. Unisys cannot accept any financial or other

responsibility that may be the result of your use of the information in this document or software material, including

direct, special, or consequential damages.

You should be very careful to ensure that the use of this information and/or software material complies with the laws,

rules, and regulations of the jurisdictions with respect to which it is used.

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Revisions may be issued to advise of such

changes and/or additions.

Notice to U.S. Government End Users: This is commercial computer software or hardware documentation developed at

private expense. Use, reproduction, or disclosure by the Government is subject to the terms of Unisys standard

commercial license for the products, and where applicable, the restricted/limited rights provisions of the contract data

rights clauses.

Unisys is a registered trademark of Unisys Corporation in the United States and other countries.

All other brands and products referenced in this document are acknowledged to be the trademarks or registered

trademarks of their respective holders.

Acknowledgment

Any organization interested in reproducing the COBOL standard and specifications in

whole or in part, using ideas from this document as the basis for an instruction manual or

for any other purpose, is free to do so. However, all such organizations are requested to

reproduce the following acknowledgement paragraphs in their entirety as part of the

preface to any such publication (any organization using a short passage from this

document, such as in a book review, is requested to mention "COBOL" in

acknowledgement of the source, but need not quote the acknowledgement):

COBOL is an industry language and is not the property of any company or group of

companies, or of any organization or group of organizations.

No warranty, expressed or implied, is made by any contributor or by the CODASYL

Programming Language Committee as to the accuracy and functioning of the

programming system and language. Moreover, no responsibility is assumed by any

contributor, or by the committee, in connection therewith.

The authors and copyright holders of the copyrighted material used herein:

FLOW-MATIC Programming for the UNIVAC I and II, Data Automation Systems

copyrighted 1958, 1959, by Unisys Corporation; IBM Commercial Translator

Form No. F 28-8013, copyrighted 1959 by IBM; FACT DSI 27A5260-2760,

copyrighted 1960 by Minneapolis-Honeywell.

have specifically authorized the use of this material in whole or in part, in the COBOL

specifications. Such authorization extends to the reproduction and use of the COBOL

specifications in programming manuals or similar publications.

UNIVAC is a registered trademark of Unisys Corporation.

IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.

7830 7709002 v

Contents

Section 1. Introduction

1.1. General ..................................................................................... 11

1.2. Concepts .................................................................................. 13

1.2.1. Features of the Language ............................................... 13

1.2.2. Record Ordering .............................................................. 13

1.2.3. Report Writer ................................................................... 13

1.2.4. Table Handling ................................................................. 14

1.2.4.1. Table Definition ....................................................... 14

1.2.4.2. References to Table Items ..................................... 15

1.2.4.3. Table Searching ...................................................... 16

1.2.5. File Organization and Access Methods ........................... 16

1.2.5.1. Sequential Organization .......................................... 16

1.2.5.2. Relative Organization .............................................. 17

1.2.5.3. Indexed Organization .............................................. 17

1.2.6. Rerun ............................................................................... 17

1.2.7. Program Modularity ......................................................... 18

1.2.7.1. Interprogram Communications ............................... 18

1.2.7.1.1. Transfer of Control ......................................... 18

1.2.7.1.2. Interprogram Data Storage ............................ 19

1.2.7.2. Segmentation ......................................................... 19

1.2.8. Communication Facility ................................................. 110

1.2.8.1. Message Control System ..................................... 110

1.2.8.2. The COBOL Object Program ................................ 110

1.2.8.3. Relationship of COBOL Program to MCS

and Communication Devices ........................... 111

1.2.8.3.1. Invoking the COBOL Object Program.......... 112

1.2.8.4. The Concept of Messages and Message

Segments ......................................................... 113

1.2.8.5. The Concept of Queues ....................................... 114

1.2.8.5.1. Independent Enqueuing and

Dequeuing ............................................... 114

1.2.8.5.2. Enabling and Disabling Logical

Connectives ............................................. 114

1.2.8.5.3. Enqueuing and Dequeuing Methods ........... 115

1.2.8.5.4. Queue Hierarchy .......................................... 115

1.2.9. Debugging ..................................................................... 117

1.2.10. Library ............................................................................ 117

1.3. Overall Language Considerations .......................................... 118

1.3.1. General .......................................................................... 118

1.3.2. Notation Used in Formats and Rules ............................ 118

1.3.2.1. Definition of a General Format ............................. 118

1.3.2.1.1. Syntax Rules ................................................ 118

1.3.2.1.2. General Rules ............................................... 118

Contents

vi 7830 7709002

1.3.2.1.3. Elements....................................................... 118

1.3.2.1.4. Words ........................................................... 119

1.3.2.1.5. LevelNumbers ............................................ 119

1.3.2.1.6. Brackets and Braces ..................................... 119

1.3.2.1.7. The Ellipsis .................................................... 119

1.3.2.1.8. Format Punctuation ...................................... 120

1.3.2.1.9. Use of Certain Special Characters in

Formats .................................................... 120

1.3.3. Language Concepts ....................................................... 120

1.3.3.1. Character Set ......................................................... 120

1.3.3.2. Language Structure ............................................... 121

1.3.3.2.1. Separators..................................................... 121

1.3.3.2.2. CharacterStrings ......................................... 122

1.3.3.3. Concept of Computer Independent Data

Description ........................................................ 129

1.3.3.3.1. Logical Record and File Concept .................. 129

1.3.3.3.2. Concept of Levels ......................................... 130

1.3.3.3.3. Concept of Classes of Data .......................... 131

1.3.3.3.4. Selection of Character Representation

and Radix .................................................. 131

1.3.3.3.5. Algebraic Signs ............................................. 132

1.3.3.3.6. Standard Alignment Rules ............................ 132

1.3.3.3.7. Item Alignment for Increased Object

Code Efficiency ........................................ 132

1.3.3.3.8. Uniqueness of Reference ............................. 133

1.3.3.4. Explicit and Implicit Specifications ........................ 137

1.3.3.4.1. Explicit and Implicit Procedure

Division References ................................. 137

1.3.3.4.2. Explicit and Implicit Transfers of

Control ...................................................... 137

1.3.3.4.3. Explicit and Implicit Attributes ...................... 138

1.3.4. Control Division .............................................................. 139

1.3.4.1. General Description ............................................... 139

1.3.4.2. Organization .......................................................... 139

1.3.4.3. Control Division Structure ..................................... 139

1.3.4.3.1. General Format ............................................. 139

1.3.5. Identification Division ..................................................... 139


1.3.5.2. Organization .......................................................... 139

1.3.5.3. Structure ................................................................ 140

1.3.5.3.1. General Format ............................................. 140

1.3.6. Environment Division ..................................................... 140


1.3.6.2. Organization .......................................................... 140

1.3.6.3. Environment Division Structure ............................ 141

1.3.6.3.1. General Format ............................................. 141

1.3.6.3.2. Syntax Rules ................................................. 141

1.3.7. Data Division .................................................................. 141

1.3.7.1. Overall Approach ................................................... 141

1.3.7.2. Physical and Logical Aspects of Data

Description ........................................................ 142

1.3.7.2.1. Data Division Organization ............................ 142

Contents

7830 7709002 vii

1.3.7.2.2. Data Division Structure ................................ 142

1.3.8. Procedure Division ........................................................ 144

1.3.8.1. General Description .............................................. 144

1.3.8.1.1. Declaratives ................................................. 144

1.3.8.1.2. Procedures ................................................... 144

1.3.8.1.3. Execution ..................................................... 144

1.3.8.1.4. Procedure Division Structure ....................... 145

1.3.8.2. Statements and Sentences .................................. 145

1.3.8.2.1. Conditional Statements and

Conditional Sentences ............................. 145

1.3.8.2.2. Compiler-Directing Statements and

Compiler Directing Sentences ................. 146

1.3.8.2.3. Imperative Statements and

Imperative Sentences .............................. 146

1.3.8.2.4. Categories of Statements ............................ 147

1.3.9. Reference Format ......................................................... 149

1.3.9.1. General Description .............................................. 149

1.3.9.2. Reference Format Representation ....................... 149

1.3.9.2.1. Sequence Numbers ..................................... 150

1.3.9.2.2. Continuation of Lines ................................... 150

1.3.9.2.3. Blank Lines ................................................... 150

1.3.9.3. Division, Section, Paragraph Formats ................... 150

1.3.9.3.1. Division Header ............................................ 150

1.3.9.3.2. Section Header ............................................ 150

1.3.9.3.3. Paragraph Header, Paragraph-Name,

and Paragraph .......................................... 150

1.3.9.4. Data Division Entries ............................................ 151

1.3.9.5. Declaratives .......................................................... 152

1.3.9.6. Comment Lines .................................................... 152

Section 2. Nucleus

2.1. General ..................................................................................... 21

2.1.1. Function ........................................................................... 21

2.1.2. Level Characteristics ....................................................... 21

2.1.3. Level Restrictions on Overall Language .......................... 21

2.1.3.1. Format Notation ...................................................... 21

2.1.3.2. Name Characteristics ............................................. 21

2.1.3.3. Figurative Constants ............................................... 22

2.1.3.4. Reference Format ................................................... 22

2.2. Control Division ........................................................................ 23

2.2.1. General Description ......................................................... 23

2.2.2. Organization .................................................................... 23

2.2.2.1. Structure ................................................................. 23

2.2.2.2. General Format ....................................................... 23

2.2.2.3. Syntax Rule ............................................................. 23

2.2.3. The Alphabet Section ...................................................... 23

2.2.3.1. The SOURCEALPHABET Clause .......................... 23

2.2.3.1.1. Function ......................................................... 23

2.2.3.1.2. General Format .............................................. 24

2.2.3.1.3. Syntax Rules .................................................. 24

Contents

viii 7830 7709002

2.2.3.1.4. General Rules ................................................. 24

2.2.3.2. Example ................................................................... 24

2.3. Identification Division ............................................................... 25

2.3.1. General Description ......................................................... 25

2.3.2. Organization ..................................................................... 25

2.3.2.1. Structure .................................................................. 25

2.3.2.2. General Format ........................................................ 25

2.3.2.3. Syntax Rules ............................................................ 25

2.3.3. The PROGRAMID Paragraph ......................................... 26

2.3.3.1. Function ................................................................... 26

2.3.3.2. General Format ........................................................ 26

2.3.3.3. Syntax Rules ............................................................ 26

2.3.3.4. General Rules .......................................................... 26

2.3.4. The DATECOMPILED Paragraph ................................... 26

2.3.4.1. Function ................................................................... 26

2.3.4.2. General Format ........................................................ 26

2.3.4.3. Syntax Rules ............................................................ 26

2.3.4.4. General Rules .......................................................... 26

2.4. Environment Division ................................................................ 27

2.4.1. Configuration Section ....................................................... 27

2.4.1.1. The SOURCECOMPUTER Paragraph .................... 27

2.4.1.1.1. Function .......................................................... 27

2.4.1.1.2. General Format ............................................... 27

2.4.1.1.3. Syntax Rules ................................................... 27

2.4.1.1.4. General Rules ................................................. 27

2.4.1.2. The OBJECTCOMPUTER Paragraph ..................... 27

2.4.1.2.1. Function .......................................................... 27

2.4.1.2.2. General Format ............................................... 27

2.4.1.2.3. Syntax Rules ................................................... 27

2.4.1.2.4. General Rules ................................................. 28

2.4.1.3. The SPECIALNAMES Paragraph ........................... 29

2.4.1.3.1. Function .......................................................... 29

2.4.1.3.2. General Format ............................................... 29

2.4.1.3.3. Syntax Rules ................................................. 210

2.4.1.3.4. General Rules ............................................... 210

2.5. Data Division ........................................................................... 213

2.5.1. WorkingStorage Section .............................................. 213

2.5.1.1. Noncontiguous WorkingStorage ......................... 213

2.5.1.2. WorkingStorage Records .................................... 213

2.5.1.3. Initial Values .......................................................... 213

2.5.2. The Data DescriptionComplete Entry Skeleton.......... 214

2.5.2.1. Function ................................................................. 214

2.5.2.2. General Format ...................................................... 214

2.5.2.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 215

2.5.2.4. General Rules ........................................................ 215

2.5.3. The BLANK WHEN ZERO Clause .................................. 215

2.5.3.1. Function ................................................................. 215

2.5.3.2. General Format ...................................................... 215

2.5.3.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 215

2.5.3.4. General Rules ........................................................ 216

2.5.4. The DataName or FILLER Clause ................................ 216

2.5.4.1. Function ................................................................. 216

Contents

7830 7709002 ix

2.5.4.2. General Format ..................................................... 216

2.5.4.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 216

2.5.4.4. General Rules ....................................................... 216

2.5.5. The JUSTIFIED Clause .................................................. 217

2.5.5.1. Function ................................................................ 217

2.5.5.2. General Format ..................................................... 217

2.5.5.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 217

2.5.5.4. General Rules ....................................................... 217

2.5.6. LevelNumber ............................................................... 218

2.5.6.1. Function ................................................................ 218

2.5.6.2. General Format ..................................................... 218

2.5.6.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 218

2.5.6.4. General Rules ....................................................... 218

2.5.7. The PICTURE Clause ..................................................... 219

2.5.7.1. Function ................................................................ 219

2.5.7.2. General Format ..................................................... 219

2.5.7.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 219

2.5.7.4. General Rules ....................................................... 219

2.5.7.5. Editing Rules ......................................................... 225

2.5.7.6. Precedence Rules ................................................. 230

2.5.8. The REDEFINES Clause ................................................ 234

2.5.8.1. Function ................................................................ 234

2.5.8.2. General Format ..................................................... 234

2.5.8.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 234

2.5.8.4. General Rules ....................................................... 234

2.5.9. The RENAMES Clause .................................................. 235

2.5.9.1. Function ................................................................ 235

2.5.9.2. General Format ..................................................... 235

2.5.9.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 235

2.5.9.4. General Rules ....................................................... 237

2.5.10. The SIGN Clause ........................................................... 237

2.5.10.1. Function ................................................................ 237

2.5.10.2. General Format ..................................................... 237

2.5.10.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 237

2.5.10.4. General Rules ....................................................... 238

2.5.11. The SYNCHRONIZED Clause ........................................ 238

2.5.11.1. Function ................................................................ 238

2.5.11.2. General Format ..................................................... 239

2.5.11.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 239

2.5.11.4. General Rules ....................................................... 239

2.5.12. The USAGE Clause........................................................ 240

2.5.12.1. Function ................................................................ 240

2.5.12.2. General Format ..................................................... 240

2.5.12.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 240

2.5.12.4. General Rules ....................................................... 241

2.5.13. The VALUE Clause ........................................................ 243

2.5.13.1. Function ................................................................ 243

2.5.13.2. General Format ..................................................... 243

2.5.13.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 243

2.5.13.4. General Rules ....................................................... 243

2.5.13.5. ConditionName Rules ......................................... 244

Contents

x 7830 7709002

2.5.13.6. Data Description Entries Other Than

ConditionNames .............................................. 244

2.6. Procedure Division .................................................................. 246

2.6.1. Arithmetic Expressions .................................................. 246

2.6.1.1. Definition of an Arithmetic Expression ................. 246

2.6.1.2. Arithmetic Operators ............................................. 246

2.6.1.3. Formation And Evaluation Rules ........................... 247

2.6.2. Conditional Expressions ................................................. 250

2.6.2.1. Simple Conditions ................................................. 250

2.6.2.1.1. Relation Condition ........................................ 250

2.6.2.1.2. Class Condition ............................................. 255

2.6.2.1.3. Condition-Name Condition

(Conditional Variable) ................................ 256

2.6.2.1.4. SwitchStatus Condition .............................. 257

2.6.2.1.5. Sign Condition .............................................. 258

2.6.2.2. Complex Conditions .............................................. 259

2.6.2.2.1. Negated Simple Conditions .......................... 259

2.6.2.2.2. Combined and Negated Combined

Conditions ................................................ 260

2.6.2.3. Abbreviated Combined Relation Conditions ......... 261

2.6.2.4. Condition Evaluation Rules .................................... 263

2.6.3. Common Phrases and General Rules for

Statement Formats .................................................... 263

2.6.3.1. The ROUNDED Phrase ......................................... 263

2.6.3.2. The SIZE ERROR Phrase ....................................... 264

2.6.3.3. The CORRESPONDING Phrase ............................ 265

2.6.3.4. The Arithmetic Statements ................................... 267

2.6.3.5. Overlapping Operands .......................................... 267

2.6.3.6. Multiple Results in Arithmetic Statements ........... 268

2.6.3.7. Arithmetic Intermediate Results ........................... 268

2.6.3.8. Incompatible Data ................................................. 279

2.6.4. The ACCEPT Statement ................................................. 280

2.6.4.1. Function ................................................................. 280

2.6.4.2. General Format ...................................................... 280

2.6.4.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 280

2.6.4.4. General Rules ........................................................ 280

2.6.5. The ADD Statement ....................................................... 283

2.6.5.1. Function ................................................................. 283

2.6.5.2. General Format ...................................................... 283

2.6.5.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 283

2.6.5.4. General Rules ........................................................ 284

2.6.6. The ALTER Statement ................................................... 285

2.6.6.1. Function ................................................................. 285

2.6.6.2. General Format ...................................................... 285

2.6.6.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 285

2.6.6.4. General Rules ........................................................ 285

2.6.7. The COMPUTE Statement............................................. 286

2.6.7.1. Function ................................................................. 286

2.6.7.2. General Format ...................................................... 286

2.6.7.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 286

2.6.7.4. General Rules ........................................................ 286

2.6.8. The DISPLAY Statement ................................................ 287

Contents

7830 7709002 xi

2.6.8.1. Function ................................................................ 287

2.6.8.2. General Format ..................................................... 287

2.6.8.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 287

2.6.8.4. General Rules ....................................................... 287

2.6.9. The DIVIDE Statement .................................................. 289

2.6.9.1. Function ................................................................ 289

2.6.9.2. General Format ..................................................... 289

2.6.9.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 290

2.6.9.4. General Rules ....................................................... 290

2.6.10. The EXIT Statement ...................................................... 291

2.6.10.1. Function ................................................................ 291

2.6.10.2. General Format ..................................................... 291

2.6.10.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 291

2.6.10.4. General Rules ....................................................... 292

2.6.11. The GO TO Statement .................................................. 292

2.6.11.1. Function ................................................................ 292

2.6.11.2. General Format ..................................................... 292

2.6.11.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 292

2.6.11.4. General Rules ....................................................... 293

2.6.12. The IF Statement........................................................... 293

2.6.12.1. Function ................................................................ 293

2.6.12.2. General Format ..................................................... 293

2.6.12.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 293

2.6.12.4. General Rules ....................................................... 293

2.6.13. The INSPECT Statement ............................................... 295

2.6.13.1. Function ................................................................ 295

2.6.13.2. General Format ..................................................... 295

2.6.13.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 296

2.6.13.4. General Rules ....................................................... 297

2.6.13.5. Examples ............................................................ 2100

2.6.14. The MOVE Statement ................................................. 2101

2.6.14.1. Function .............................................................. 2101

2.6.14.2. General Format ................................................... 2101

2.6.14.3. Syntax Rules ....................................................... 2101

2.6.14.4. General Rules ..................................................... 2102

2.6.15. The MULTIPLY Statement .......................................... 2105

2.6.15.1. Function .............................................................. 2105

2.6.15.2. General Format ................................................... 2105

2.6.15.3. Syntax Rules ....................................................... 2105

2.6.15.4. General Rules ..................................................... 2105

2.6.16. The PERFORM Statement .......................................... 2106

2.6.16.1. Function .............................................................. 2106

2.6.16.2. General Format ................................................... 2106

2.6.16.3. Syntax Rules ....................................................... 2107

2.6.16.4. General Rules ..................................................... 2107

2.6.17. The SET Statement ..................................................... 2113

2.6.17.1. Function .............................................................. 2113

2.6.17.2. General Format ................................................... 2113

2.6.17.3. Syntax Rules ....................................................... 2113

2.6.17.4. General Rules ..................................................... 2113

2.6.18. The STOP Statement .................................................. 2113

2.6.18.1. Function .............................................................. 2113

Contents

xii 7830 7709002

2.6.18.2. General Format .................................................... 2113

2.6.18.3. Syntax Rules ........................................................ 2113

2.6.18.4. General Rules ...................................................... 2114

2.6.19. The STRING Statement ............................................... 2114

2.6.19.1. Function ............................................................... 2114

2.6.19.2. General Format .................................................... 2114

2.6.19.3. Syntax Rules ........................................................ 2114

2.6.19.4. General Rules ...................................................... 2115

2.6.20. The SUBTRACT Statement .......................................... 2117

2.6.20.1. Function ............................................................... 2117

2.6.20.2. General Format .................................................... 2117

2.6.20.3. Syntax Rules ........................................................ 2118

2.6.20.4. General Rules ...................................................... 2118

2.6.21. The UNSTRING Statement .......................................... 2119

2.6.21.1. Function ............................................................... 2119

2.6.21.2. General Format .................................................... 2119

2.6.21.3. Syntax Rules ........................................................ 2119

2.6.21.4. General Rules ...................................................... 2120

Section 3. Table Handling

3.1. General ..................................................................................... 31

3.1.1. Function ........................................................................... 31

3.1.2. Level Characteristics ........................................................ 31

3.2. Data Division ............................................................................. 32

3.2.1. The OCCURS Clause ....................................................... 32

3.2.1.1. Function ................................................................... 32

3.2.1.2. General Format ........................................................ 32

3.2.1.3. Syntax Rules ............................................................ 32

3.2.1.4. General Rules .......................................................... 33

3.2.2. The USAGE Clause .......................................................... 36

3.2.2.1. Function ................................................................... 36

3.2.2.2. General Format ........................................................ 36

3.2.2.3. Syntax Rules ............................................................ 36

3.2.2.4. General Rules .......................................................... 36

3.3. Procedure Division .................................................................... 37

3.3.1. Relation Condition ............................................................ 37

3.3.1.1. Comparisons Involving Index-Names and/or

Index Data Items ................................................. 37

3.3.2. Overlapping Operands ..................................................... 37

3.3.3. The SEARCH Statement .................................................. 37

3.3.3.1. Function ................................................................... 37

3.3.3.2. General Format ........................................................ 37

3.3.3.3. Syntax Rules ............................................................ 38

3.3.3.4. General Rules .......................................................... 39

3.3.4. The SET Statement ........................................................ 311

3.3.4.1. Function ................................................................. 311

3.3.4.2. General Format ...................................................... 311

3.3.4.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 312

3.3.4.4. General Rules ........................................................ 312

Contents

7830 7709002 xiii

Section 4. Sequential I-O

4.1. General ..................................................................................... 41

4.1.1. Function ........................................................................... 41


4.1.3. Language Concepts ........................................................ 41

4.1.3.1. Organization ............................................................ 41

4.1.3.2. Access Mode .......................................................... 41

4.1.3.3. Current Record Pointer ........................................... 42

4.1.3.4. IO Status ............................................................... 42

4.1.3.4.1. Status Key 1 ................................................... 42

4.1.3.4.2. Status Key 2 ................................................... 43

4.1.3.4.3. Valid Combinations of Status Keys 1

and 2 .......................................................... 43

4.1.3.5. The AT END Condition ............................................ 43

4.1.3.6. LINAGECOUNTER ................................................ 43

4.2. Environment Division ............................................................... 44

4.2.1. INPUTOUTPUT Section ................................................. 44

4.2.1.1. The FILECONTROL Paragraph ............................. 44

4.2.1.1.1. Function ......................................................... 44

4.2.1.1.2. General Format .............................................. 44

4.2.1.2. The File Control Entry ............................................. 44

4.2.1.2.1. Function ......................................................... 44

4.2.1.2.2. General Format .............................................. 44

4.2.1.2.3. Syntax Rules .................................................. 44

4.2.1.2.4. General Rules ................................................. 45

4.2.1.3. The IOCONTROL Paragraph ............................... 46

4.2.1.3.1. Function ......................................................... 46

4.2.1.3.2. General Format .............................................. 46

4.2.1.3.3. Syntax Rules .................................................. 46

4.2.1.3.4. General Rules ................................................. 47

4.3. Data Division ............................................................................ 48

4.3.1. File Section ...................................................................... 48

4.3.2. Record Description Structure .......................................... 48

4.3.3. The File DescriptionComplete Entry Skeleton ............. 48

4.3.3.1. Function .................................................................. 48

4.3.3.2. General Format ....................................................... 49

4.3.3.3. Syntax Rules ........................................................... 49

4.3.4. The BLOCK CONTAINS Clause ....................................... 49

4.3.4.1. Function .................................................................. 49

4.3.4.2. General Format ..................................................... 410

4.3.4.3. General Rules ....................................................... 410

4.3.5. The CODESET Clause ................................................. 410

4.3.5.1. Function ................................................................ 410

4.3.5.2. General Format ..................................................... 410

4.3.5.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 410

4.3.5.4. General Rules ....................................................... 411

4.3.6. The DATA RECORDS Clause ........................................ 411

4.3.6.1. Function ................................................................ 411

4.3.6.2. General Format ..................................................... 411

4.3.6.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 411

4.3.6.4. General Rules ....................................................... 411

Contents

xiv 7830 7709002

4.3.7. The DENSITY Clause ..................................................... 411

4.3.7.1. Function ................................................................. 411

4.3.7.2. General Format ...................................................... 411

4.3.7.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 411

4.3.7.4. General Rules ........................................................ 412

4.3.8. The LABEL RECORDS Clause ....................................... 412

4.3.8.1. Function ................................................................. 412

4.3.8.2. General Format ...................................................... 412

4.3.8.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 412

4.3.8.4. General Rules ........................................................ 412

4.3.9. The LINAGE Clause ....................................................... 412

4.3.9.1. Function ................................................................. 412

4.3.9.2. General Format ...................................................... 412

4.3.9.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 413

4.3.9.4. General Rules ........................................................ 413

4.3.10. The RECORD CONTAINS Clause .................................. 415

4.3.10.1. Function ................................................................. 415

4.3.10.2. General Format ...................................................... 415

4.3.10.3. General Rules ........................................................ 415

4.3.11. The VALUE OF Clause ................................................... 415

4.3.11.1. Function ................................................................. 415

4.3.11.2. General Format ...................................................... 415

4.3.11.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 416

4.3.11.4. General Rules ........................................................ 416


4.4.1. The CLOSE Statement ................................................... 417

4.4.1.1. Function ................................................................. 417

4.4.1.2. General Format ...................................................... 417

4.4.1.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 417

4.4.1.4. General Rules ........................................................ 417

4.4.2. The OPEN Statement .................................................... 421

4.4.2.1. Function ................................................................. 421

4.4.2.2. General Format ...................................................... 421

4.4.2.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 421

4.4.2.4. General Rules ........................................................ 421

4.4.3. The READ Statement ..................................................... 425

4.4.3.1. Function ................................................................. 425

4.4.3.2. General Format ...................................................... 425

4.4.3.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 425

4.4.3.4. General Rules ........................................................ 425

4.4.4. The REWRITE Statement .............................................. 427

4.4.4.1. Function ................................................................. 427

4.4.4.2. General Format ...................................................... 427

4.4.4.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 427

4.4.4.4. General Rules ........................................................ 427

4.4.5. The USE Statement ....................................................... 428

4.4.5.1. Function ................................................................. 428

4.4.5.2. General Format ...................................................... 428

4.4.5.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 428

4.4.5.4. General Rules ........................................................ 428

4.4.6. The WRITE Statement ................................................... 429

4.4.6.1. Function ................................................................. 429

Contents

7830 7709002 xv

4.4.6.2. General Format ..................................................... 429

4.4.6.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 429

4.4.6.4. General Rules ....................................................... 430

4.5. Example ................................................................................. 433

4.5.1. Source Program ............................................................. 433

4.5.2. Generated Report .......................................................... 438

4.6. Sequential File Assignment ................................................... 439

4.6.1. Non-Symbiont Files ....................................................... 439

4.6.1.1. Assignment Examples .......................................... 439

4.6.1.2. COBOL Program Links ......................................... 439

4.6.1.3. Device Independency for ANSI Tape Files ........... 439

4.6.1.4. Device Independency for Sequential DISC

Files .................................................................. 440

4.6.2. Symbiont Files ............................................................... 440

4.6.2.1. Assignment Rules ................................................ 440


4.6.3. Alternate Symbiont Files ............................................... 440

4.6.3.1. Assignment Rules ................................................ 440

4.6.3.2. Assignment Examples .......................................... 440


Section 5. Relative I-O

5.1. General ..................................................................................... 51

5.1.1. Function ........................................................................... 51



5.1.3.1. Organization ............................................................ 51

5.1.3.2. Access Modes ........................................................ 52


5.1.3.4. IO Status ............................................................... 52

5.1.3.4.1. Status Key 1 ................................................... 52

5.1.3.4.2. Status Key 2 ................................................... 53


and 2 .......................................................... 53

5.1.3.5. The INVALID KEY Condition ................................... 54





5.2.1.1.1. Function ......................................................... 55

5.2.1.1.2. General Format .............................................. 55


5.2.1.2.1. Function ......................................................... 55

5.2.1.2.2. General Format .............................................. 55

5.2.1.2.3. Syntax Rules .................................................. 55

5.2.1.2.4. General Rules ................................................. 56


5.2.1.3.1. Function ......................................................... 57

5.2.1.3.2. General Format .............................................. 57

5.2.1.3.3. Syntax Rules .................................................. 57

Contents

xvi 7830 7709002

5.2.1.3.4. General Rules ................................................. 58

5.3. Data Division ............................................................................. 59

5.3.1. File Section ...................................................................... 59

5.3.2. Record Description Structure........................................... 59


5.3.3.1. Function ................................................................... 59

5.3.3.2. General Format ........................................................ 59

5.3.3.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 510

5.3.4. The BLOCK CONTAINS Clause ..................................... 510

5.3.4.1. Function ................................................................. 510

5.3.4.2. General Format ...................................................... 510

5.3.4.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 510

5.3.5. The DATA RECORDS Clause ......................................... 510

5.3.5.1. Function ................................................................. 510

5.3.5.2. General Format ...................................................... 510

5.3.5.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 510

5.3.5.4. General Rules ........................................................ 510


5.3.6.1. Function ................................................................. 511

5.3.6.2. General Format ...................................................... 511

5.3.6.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 511

5.3.6.4. General Rules ........................................................ 511


5.3.7.1. Function ................................................................. 511

5.3.7.2. General Format ...................................................... 511

5.3.7.3. General Rules ........................................................ 511


5.3.8.1. Function ................................................................. 512

5.3.8.2. General Format ...................................................... 512

5.3.8.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 512

5.3.8.4. General Rules ........................................................ 512



5.4.1.1. Function ................................................................. 513

5.4.1.2. General Format ...................................................... 513

5.4.1.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 513

5.4.1.4. General Rules ........................................................ 513

5.4.2. The DELETE Statement ................................................. 514

5.4.2.1. Function ................................................................. 514

5.4.2.2. General Format ...................................................... 514

5.4.2.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 514

5.4.2.4. General Rules ........................................................ 514


5.4.3.1. Function ................................................................. 515

5.4.3.2. General Format ...................................................... 515

5.4.3.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 515

5.4.3.4. General Rules ........................................................ 515

5.4.4. The READ Statement ..................................................... 517

5.4.4.1. Function ................................................................. 517

5.4.4.2. General Format ...................................................... 517

5.4.4.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 517

5.4.4.4. General Rules ........................................................ 518

Contents

7830 7709002 xvii


5.4.5.1. Function ................................................................ 519

5.4.5.2. General Format ..................................................... 519

5.4.5.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 520

5.4.5.4. General Rules ....................................................... 520

5.4.6. The START Statement .................................................. 521

5.4.6.1. Function ................................................................ 521

5.4.6.2. General Format ..................................................... 521

5.4.6.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 521

5.4.6.4. General Rules ....................................................... 521

5.4.7. The USE Statement....................................................... 522

5.4.7.1. Function ................................................................ 522

5.4.7.2. General Format ..................................................... 522

5.4.7.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 522

5.4.7.4. General Rules ....................................................... 522

5.4.8. The WRITE Statement .................................................. 523

5.4.8.1. Function ................................................................ 523

5.4.8.2. General Format ..................................................... 523

5.4.8.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 523

5.4.8.4. General Rules ....................................................... 523

5.5. Relative IO File Assignment ................................................. 525

5.5.1. Assignment Examples .................................................. 525

5.5.2. COBOL Program Links .................................................. 525

Section 6. Indexed I-O

6.1. General ..................................................................................... 61

6.1.1. Function ........................................................................... 61



6.1.3.1. Organization ............................................................ 61

6.1.3.2. Access Modes ........................................................ 62


6.1.3.4. IO Status ............................................................... 62

6.1.3.4.1. Status Key 1 ................................................... 62

6.1.3.4.2. Status Key 2 ................................................... 63


and 2 .......................................................... 64

6.1.3.5. The INVALID KEY Condition ................................... 64


6.1.4. Information Statistics ...................................................... 65

6.1.4.1. Function .................................................................. 65

6.1.4.2. Calling Format ......................................................... 65

6.1.4.3. Syntax Rules ........................................................... 65

6.1.4.4. General Rules ......................................................... 65

6.1.4.5. DataItem Format ................................................... 66




6.2.1.1.1. Function ......................................................... 68

6.2.1.1.2. General Format .............................................. 68

Contents

xviii 7830 7709002

6.2.1.2. The File Control Entry .............................................. 68

6.2.1.2.1. Function .......................................................... 68

6.2.1.2.2. General Format ............................................... 68

6.2.1.2.3. Syntax Rules ................................................... 68

6.2.1.2.4. General Rules ................................................. 69

6.2.1.3. The IOCONTROL Paragraph .............................. 610

6.2.1.3.1. Function ........................................................ 610

6.2.1.3.2. General Format ............................................. 610

6.2.1.3.3. Syntax Rules ................................................. 610

6.2.1.3.4. General Rules ............................................... 611

6.3. Data Division ........................................................................... 612

6.3.1. File Section .................................................................... 612

6.3.2. Record Description Structure......................................... 612

6.3.3. The File DescriptionComplete Entry Skeleton ........... 612

6.3.3.1. Function ................................................................. 612

6.3.3.2. General Format ...................................................... 612

6.3.3.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 613


6.3.4.1. Function ................................................................. 613

6.3.4.2. General Format ...................................................... 613

6.3.4.3. General Rules ........................................................ 613

6.3.5. The DATA RECORDS Clause ......................................... 613

6.3.5.1. Function ................................................................. 613

6.3.5.2. General Format ...................................................... 613

6.3.5.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 614

6.3.5.4. General Rules ........................................................ 614


6.3.6.1. Function ................................................................. 614

6.3.6.2. General Format ...................................................... 614

6.3.6.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 614

6.3.6.4. General Rules ........................................................ 614


6.3.7.1. Function ................................................................. 614

6.3.7.2. General Format ...................................................... 614

6.3.7.3. General Rules ........................................................ 615


6.3.8.1. Function ................................................................. 615

6.3.8.2. General Format ...................................................... 615

6.3.8.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 615

6.3.8.4. General Rules ........................................................ 616



6.4.1.1. Function ................................................................. 617

6.4.1.2. General Format ...................................................... 617

6.4.1.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 617

6.4.1.4. General Rules ........................................................ 617

6.4.2. The DELETE Statement ................................................. 618

6.4.2.1. Function ................................................................. 618

6.4.2.2. General Format ...................................................... 618

6.4.2.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 618

6.4.2.4. General Rules ........................................................ 619


Contents

7830 7709002 xix

6.4.3.1. Function ................................................................ 619

6.4.3.2. General Format ..................................................... 619

6.4.3.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 619

6.4.3.4. General Rules ....................................................... 619

6.4.4. The READ Statement .................................................... 621

6.4.4.1. Function ................................................................ 621

6.4.4.2. General Format ..................................................... 621

6.4.4.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 621

6.4.4.4. General Rules ....................................................... 622


6.4.5.1. Function ................................................................ 624

6.4.5.2. General Format ..................................................... 624

6.4.5.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 624

6.4.5.4. General Rules ....................................................... 624

6.4.6. The START Statement .................................................. 625

6.4.6.1. Function ................................................................ 625

6.4.6.2. General Format ..................................................... 625

6.4.6.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 626

6.4.6.4. General Rules ....................................................... 626


6.4.7.1. Function ................................................................ 627

6.4.7.2. General Format ..................................................... 627

6.4.7.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 627

6.4.7.4. General Rules ....................................................... 628

6.4.8. The WRITE Statement .................................................. 628

6.4.8.1. Function ................................................................ 628

6.4.8.2. General Format ..................................................... 628

6.4.8.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 628

6.4.8.4. General Rules ....................................................... 628

6.5. Indexed IO File Assignment ................................................. 631

6.5.1. Assignment Examples .................................................. 631

6.5.2. COBOL Program Links .................................................. 631

Section 7. Sort-Merge

7.1. General ..................................................................................... 71

7.1.1. Function ........................................................................... 71


7.1.3. Relationship with Sequential IO Module ....................... 71




7.2.1.1.1. Function ......................................................... 72

7.2.1.1.2. General Format .............................................. 72


7.2.1.2.1. Function ......................................................... 72

7.2.1.2.2. General Format .............................................. 72

7.2.1.2.3. Syntax Rules .................................................. 72

7.2.1.2.4. General Rules ................................................. 72


7.2.1.3.1. Function ......................................................... 73

Contents

xx 7830 7709002

7.2.1.3.2. General Format ............................................... 73

7.2.1.3.3. Syntax Rules ................................................... 73

7.2.1.3.4. General Rules ................................................. 74

7.3. Data Division ............................................................................. 75

7.3.1. File Section ...................................................................... 75

7.3.2. The Sort-Merge File DescriptionComplete

Entry Skeleton ............................................................. 75

7.3.2.1. Function ................................................................... 75

7.3.2.2. General Format ........................................................ 75

7.3.2.3. Syntax Rules ............................................................ 75

7.3.3. The DATA RECORDS Clause ........................................... 75

7.3.3.1. Function ................................................................... 75

7.3.3.2. General Format ........................................................ 75

7.3.3.3. Syntax Rules ............................................................ 76

7.3.3.4. General Rules .......................................................... 76

7.3.4. The RECORD CONTAINS Clause .................................... 76

7.3.4.1. Function ................................................................... 76

7.3.4.2. General Format ........................................................ 76

7.3.4.3. General Rules .......................................................... 76

7.4. Procedure Division .................................................................... 77

7.4.1. The MERGE Statement ................................................... 77

7.4.1.1. Function ................................................................... 77

7.4.1.2. General Format ........................................................ 77

7.4.1.3. Syntax Rules ............................................................ 77

7.4.1.4. General Rules .......................................................... 78

7.4.2. The RELEASE Statement ............................................... 711

7.4.2.1. Function ................................................................. 711

7.4.2.2. General Format ...................................................... 711

7.4.2.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 711

7.4.2.4. General Rules ........................................................ 711

7.4.3. The RETURN Statement ................................................ 712

7.4.3.1. Function ................................................................. 712

7.4.3.2. General Format ...................................................... 712

7.4.3.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 712

7.4.3.4. General Rules ........................................................ 712

7.4.4. The SORT Statement ..................................................... 713

7.4.4.1. Function ................................................................. 713

7.4.4.2. General Format ...................................................... 713

7.4.4.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 713

7.4.4.4. General Rules ........................................................ 714

7.5. Examples ................................................................................ 718

Section 8. Report Writer

8.1. General ..................................................................................... 81

8.1.1. Function ........................................................................... 81

8.1.2. Language Concepts ......................................................... 81

8.1.2.1. LINECOUNTER ...................................................... 81

8.1.2.2. PAGECOUNTER .................................................... 81

8.1.2.3. Subscripting ............................................................. 82

8.1.3. Relationship with Sequential IO Module ........................ 82

Contents

7830 7709002 xxi

8.2. Data Division ............................................................................ 83

8.2.1. File Section ...................................................................... 83

8.2.2. Report Section ................................................................. 83

8.2.2.1. Report Description Entry ........................................ 83

8.2.2.2. Report Group Description Entry ............................. 83


8.2.3.1. Function .................................................................. 83

8.2.3.2. General Format ....................................................... 84

8.2.3.3. Syntax Rules ........................................................... 84

8.2.4. The Report DescriptionComplete Entry

Skeleton ...................................................................... 84

8.2.4.1. Function .................................................................. 84

8.2.4.2. General Format ....................................................... 85

8.2.4.3. Syntax Rules ........................................................... 85

8.2.4.4. PAGECOUNTER Rules ......................................... 85

8.2.4.5. LINECOUNTER Rules ........................................... 86

8.2.5. The Report Group DescriptionComplete

Skeleton ...................................................................... 87

8.2.5.1. Function .................................................................. 87

8.2.5.2. General Format ....................................................... 87

8.2.5.3. Syntax Rules ........................................................... 89

8.2.5.4. General Rules ....................................................... 810


8.2.6.1. Function ................................................................ 810

8.2.6.2. General Format ..................................................... 810

8.2.6.3. General Rules ....................................................... 810

8.2.7. The CODE Clause.......................................................... 811

8.2.7.1. Function ................................................................ 811

8.2.7.2. General Format ..................................................... 811

8.2.7.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 811

8.2.7.4. General Rules ....................................................... 811

8.2.8. The CODE-SET Clause .................................................. 811

8.2.8.1. Function ................................................................ 811

8.2.8.2. General Format ..................................................... 811

8.2.8.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 812

8.2.8.4. General Rules ....................................................... 812

8.2.9. The COLUMN NUMBER Clause ................................... 812

8.2.9.1. Function ................................................................ 812

8.2.9.2. General Format ..................................................... 812

8.2.9.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 812

8.2.9.4. General Rules ....................................................... 812

8.2.10. The CONTROL Clause .................................................. 813

8.2.10.1. Function ................................................................ 813

8.2.10.2. General Format ..................................................... 813

8.2.10.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 813

8.2.10.4. General Rules ....................................................... 813

8.2.11. The DataName Clause ................................................. 814

8.2.11.1. Function ................................................................ 814

8.2.11.2. General Format ..................................................... 814

8.2.11.3. Syntax Rule ........................................................... 814

8.2.11.4. General Rules ....................................................... 814

8.2.12. The DENSITY Clause ..................................................... 814

Contents

xxii 7830 7709002

8.2.12.1. Function ................................................................. 814

8.2.12.2. General Format ...................................................... 814

8.2.12.3. Syntax Rule ........................................................... 814

8.2.12.4. General Rule .......................................................... 814

8.2.13. The GROUP INDICATE Clause ...................................... 815

8.2.13.1. Function ................................................................. 815

8.2.13.2. General Format ...................................................... 815

8.2.13.3. Syntax Rule ........................................................... 815

8.2.13.4. General Rules ........................................................ 815


8.2.14.1. Function ................................................................. 815

8.2.14.1.1. General Format ............................................. 815

8.2.14.2. Syntax Rule ........................................................... 815

8.2.14.3. General Rules ........................................................ 815

8.2.15. The LINE NUMBER Clause ............................................ 816

8.2.15.1. Function ................................................................. 816

8.2.15.2. General Format ...................................................... 816

8.2.15.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 816

8.2.15.4. General Rules ........................................................ 816

8.2.16. The NEXT GROUP Clause.............................................. 818

8.2.16.1. Function ................................................................. 818

8.2.16.2. General Format ...................................................... 818

8.2.16.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 818

8.2.16.4. General Rules ........................................................ 819

8.2.17. The PAGE Clause ........................................................... 819

8.2.17.1. Function ................................................................. 819

8.2.17.2. General Format ...................................................... 819

8.2.17.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 819

8.2.17.4. General Rules ........................................................ 820

8.2.17.5. PAGE Regions Table ............................................. 822


8.2.18.1. Function ................................................................. 823

8.2.18.2. General Format ...................................................... 823

8.2.18.3. General Rules ........................................................ 823

8.2.19. The REPORT Clause ...................................................... 823

8.2.19.1. Function ................................................................. 823

8.2.19.2. General Format ...................................................... 823

8.2.19.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 823

8.2.19.4. General Rules ........................................................ 824

8.2.20. The SOURCE Clause ...................................................... 824

8.2.20.1. Function ................................................................. 824

8.2.20.2. General Format ...................................................... 824

8.2.20.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 824

8.2.20.4. General Rule .......................................................... 824

8.2.21. The SUM Clause ............................................................ 824

8.2.21.1. Function ................................................................. 824

8.2.21.2. General Format ...................................................... 824

8.2.21.3. Syntax Rules .......................................................... 825

8.2.21.4. General Rules ........................................................ 825

8.2.22. The TYPE Clause ............................................................ 827

8.2.22.1. Function ................................................................. 827

8.2.22.2. General Format ...................................................... 827

Contents

7830 7709002 xxiii

8.2.22.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 827

8.2.22.4. General Rules ....................................................... 828

8.2.23. The VALUE OF Clause .................................................. 831

8.2.23.1. Function ................................................................ 831

8.2.23.2. General Format ..................................................... 831

8.2.23.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 831

8.2.23.4. General Rules ....................................................... 832

8.3. Procedure Division ................................................................. 833

8.3.1. The GENERATE Statement ........................................... 833

8.3.1.1. Function ................................................................ 833

8.3.1.2. General Format ..................................................... 833

8.3.1.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 833

8.3.1.4. General Rules ....................................................... 833

8.3.2. The INITIATE Statement ............................................... 835

8.3.2.1. Function ................................................................ 835

8.3.2.2. General Format ..................................................... 835

8.3.2.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 835

8.3.2.4. General Rules ....................................................... 835

8.3.3. The SUPPRESS Statement ........................................... 836

8.3.3.1. Function ................................................................ 836

8.3.3.2. General Format ..................................................... 836

8.3.3.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 836

8.3.3.4. General Rules ....................................................... 836

8.3.4. The TERMINATE Statement ......................................... 836

8.3.4.1. Function ................................................................ 836

8.3.4.2. General Format ..................................................... 836

8.3.4.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 836

8.3.4.4. General Rules ....................................................... 837


8.3.5.1. Function ................................................................ 837

8.3.5.2. General Format ..................................................... 837

8.3.5.3. Syntax Rules ......................................................... 837

8.3.5.4. General Rules ....................................................... 838

8.4. Report Format on File other than Printer File ........................ 839

8.5. Examples................................................................................ 840

8.5.1. Program 1 ...................................................................... 840

8.5.1.1. Input Data ............................................................. 840

8.5.1.2. Source Program .................................................... 841

8.5.1.3. Output Report ....................................................... 843

8.5.1.4. Relation Between Output Report and

Source Program................................................ 845

8.5.2. Program 2 ...................................................................... 847

8.5.2.1. Input Data ............................................................. 847

8.5.2.1.1. Source Program ........................................... 848

8.5.2.1.2. Output Report .............................................. 850

8.5.2.2. Relation Between Output Report and

Source Program................................................ 854

Section 9. Segmentation

9.1. General ..................................................................................... 91

Contents

xxiv 7830 7709002

9.1.1. Function ........................................................................... 91

9.1.2. Level Characteristics ........................................................ 91

9.2. General Description .................................................................. 92

9.2.1. Scope ............................................................................... 92

9.2.2. Organization ..................................................................... 92

9.2.2.1. Program Segments ................................................. 92

9.2.2.2. Fixed Portion ........................................................... 92

9.2.2.3. Independent Segments ........................................... 93

9.2.3. Segmentation Classification............................................. 93

9.2.4. Segmentation Control ...................................................... 94

9.3. Structure of Program Segments ......................

unisys cobol

Documents

cobol specifications

cobol standard

copyrighted material

programming system

programming man

commercial computer

related information

flowmatic programming