unit 08 - e-thaksalawa · ms8 js yw xm3h msx)nkx no h -i i\

$: Unit 08 - E-thaksalawa · ms8 js yw xm3h msx)nkx no h -i i\$
jpU. gp.vt;.ujPe;jpuFkhu; 1 kl; / ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up

myF - 08

08.10 - czTg; nghjpaply;

08.20 - ngau;r; Rl;baply;

capu; Kiwikfs; njhopDl;gk;

BIO SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY

Mf;fk; : jpU. gp.vt;. ujPe;jpuFkhu;> kl; / ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up


08.10 - czTg; nghjpaply;

czTg;nghjpczTg; gjhu;j;jk; xd;W mjidg; gad;gLj;Jk; Efu;Nthiu Nehf;fp ju uPjpapYk; msT uPjpapYk;

Nrjq;fspd;wp nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tpQ;Qhd G+u;tkhd Clfk; czTg; nghjp

vdg;gLk;.

nghjpaply; czT nghjpaplg;gl;l NtisapypUe;J mJ Efug;gLk; Ntis tiu cztpw;fhd ghJfhg;gpid

toq;Fk; #oiy Vw;gLj;JtJ MFk;.

my;yJ>

tpQ;Qhdk;> fiyak;rk;> njhopDl;gj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l cw;gj;;jpg;nghUs;>

cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l re;ju;g;gj;jpypUe;J EfUk; re;ju;g;gk;tiu mjd; juk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; tifapYk;>

ftu;r;rpkpf;fjhfTk; Njitahd jfty;fis cs;slf;fpajhfTk;> Fiwe;j nrytpdj;Jld; ifahs

cjTk; KiwNa nghjp nra;jy; MFk;.

czT nghjpaplypd; gpujhd Nehf;fk;czTg; gjhu;j;jq;fs; Efug;gLk; tiu mtw;wpd; gz;G uPjpapyhd juj;jpidAk;> msT uPjpapyhd

juj;jpidAk; Ngzpf; nfhs;tjhFk;.

nghjpaply; Clfk;1. rpwpa igfs; (Pouch)2. ngl;bfs;

3. ciwfs;

4. fz;zhb nfhs;fyd;

5. Nfhg;igfs;

6. upd;fs;

nghjpaplypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cztpd; gad;gLj;Jk; fhy mstpid mjpfupj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

re;ijapy; ePz;l fhyj; Nfs;tpj; Njitia jpUg;jp nra;ayhk;.

ntspapypUe;J Ez;zq;fpfs; czTld; Nru;tij jil nra;jy;.

Efu;Nthupd; ftdj;ij <u;j;j;y;.

czT tpiuapy; gOjiltijj; jtpu;j;jy;.

Kf;fpakhd jfty;fis njhlu;ghLk; Clfkhfj; njhopw;gly;.

mWtilf;Fg; gpe;jpa ,og;Gfisf; Fiwj;jy;

nfhz;Lnry;yy;> fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; Mfpad ,yFthf mikjy;.


Efu;Nthu; tpUg;Gf;Nfw;g Njitahd mstpYk;> tbtq;fspYk; fhzg;gLtjhy; re;ijj; Njit

epiwNtw;wg;gly;.

ifahsy;> kPs; ifahsy; Mfpatw;Wf;F trjp fpilj;jy;.

nghjpapdJ nraw;ghLfs;1. khrhf;fpfs; fopTfs; Kjyhdit cztpid milahj tifapy; jilf; ftrkhf nraw;gLjy;.

2. czTg; nghUs;fs; frpjy;> nghrpjyhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;ig jLj;jy;.

3. ngsjpf> ,urhadg; nghUs;fshy; cztpw;F Vw;glf;$ba jPq;Ffs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

4. Nghf;Ftuj;jpd;NghJ re;ijapy; czTg; nghUl;fSf;F Vw;glf;$ba ghjpg;gpypUe;J ghJfhg;G

fpilf;Fk;.

5. Efu;NthUf;F Fwpj;j czTg;nghUis milahsq; fhzf;$bajhf ,Ug;gJld; Fwpj;j czTg;

nghUs; Efug;gLtjw;fhd tpsf;fj;ijAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

6. Fwpj;j czTg; nghUs;fis tpiynfhLj;J nfhs;tdT nra;Ak; tifapy; Efu;Nthu; J}z;lg;gLtu;.

nghjpapL nghUl;fspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs; er;Rj;jd;ikaw;wJk; Fwpg;gpl;l cztpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhdJkhf tpUj;jy;.

czTg; gjhu;j;jq;fSld; jhf;fj;jpy; <Lglhj jd;ik.

Rfhjhug; ghJfhg;GilajhapUj;jy;.

<uypg;G kw;Wk; nfhOg;G vd;gtw;Wf;F vjpu;g;Gj; jd;ikAilajhapUj;jy;.

kzk; / thA tiffSf;Fj; jilj; jd;ikAilajhapUj;jy;.

NkhJiff;Fj; jilj; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.

gy;NtW Njhw;wq;fspy; fhzg;gly;.

jpwg;gjw;F ,yFthf mike;jpUj;jy;.

nghjpnra;ag;gl;l nghUl;fis ntspapy; vLg;gjw;fhd trjp kw;Wk; kPz;Lk; %bitg;gjw;fhd trjp.

ntg;gj; jilj;jd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.

mr;rplj;jf;f Mw;wy;.

ftu;r;r;pahdjhapUj;jy;.

Fiwe;j nryT.

nghjpaply; nghUl;fs;

czTg; nghUl;fis nghjpapLtjw;F gpd;tUk; nghjpaply; gjhu;j;jq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

jhtu ,iyfs;

jhtu ehu; tiffs;

gyif tiffs;

fljhrp tiffs;

fz;zhb

fspkz; Nghd;w nghUs;fs;

nghypjPd;

gpshj;jpf;F

cNyhfj; jd;ikAila nghUs;fs;

01. ,aw;ifahd jhtu ,iyfs; thioapiy> Nrk;G ,iy> jhkiu ,iy Nghd;wit rikj;j czT tiffis nghjp nra;ag;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

,it ,yFtpy; gpupe;joptJld;> czTg; nghUl;fspd; ,ioaikg;igAk; NgZk;.

02. jhtu ehu; tiffs; njd;id> gid> jhy> rzy;> rpW%q;fpy; Nghd;w jhtuq;fspypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; ehu;fs;>

kuTupfs; %yk; nghjpaplg;gLfpd;wd.

Nkw;$wpa ehu; ,iofis gpz;zp ftu;r;rpahd nghjpaply; nghUl;fis jahupj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

,g;nghjpfSk; ,yFtpy; gpupe;jopaf; $baJld; nghjpfshy; czTg;nghUSf;F Vw;gLk; jPq;FfisAk;

jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

03. gyif tiffs; jpz;k epiyapyhd czTg; nghUspypUe;J jput epiyapyhd nghUs;fs; tiu nghjp nra;J

nfhs;syhk;.

cjh : Njapiyj;J}s;> gotiffs;> gyfhuq;fs;> itd;> gpau; Nghd;wit.


kuf;fwp tiffis rhf;Ffspy; nfhz;L nry;tjpYk; ghu;f;f> ,t;nfhs;fyd;fspy; nfhz;L

nry;tjhy; ngsjpf uPjpahd ,og;Gf;fis Fiwf;fyhk;.

czT tiffSf;F gyit nfhs;fyd;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ rpy rpwg;ghd gyif tiffis

kl;LNk gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

,JTk; #oYf;F jhf;fk; tpistpf;fhj nghjpaPL nghUshFk;.

04. fljhrp tiffs; kpfTk; tpiy Fiwe;j nghjpapL nghUshFk;. czTf;F nghwpKiw ghJfhg;ig nfhLf;fhJ.

fhw;W> ePUf;F vjpu;g;Gj;jd;ik mw;wJ. cztpYs;s vz;nza; Nghd;w nghUl;fis cwpQ;rf;

$baJ.

,jdhy; czTg; nghUl;fSf;F nghUj;jkhd nkOF> thzp\;> nudpdpy; mkpo;j;jp gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

,jdhy; fhw;W> ePu; CLGftpLkpay;G mfw;wg;gLk;.

nghypjPd; / fhl;Nghl; cld; Nru;j;J fljhrp nghjp nra;a gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;j KbahJ. Gjpdg; gj;jpupif (mr;rplg;gl;lJ) cxzTg; nghUl;fis nghjp

nra;a nghUj;jkw;wJ.

fljhrp ,yFtpy; gpupe;joptjhy;> Rw;whly; Neakpf;f nghjpapL nghUshFk;.

05. fhl;Nghl;ngUk;ghYk; ,tw;wpd;kPJ mYkpdpak; my;yJ gpshj;jpf;F (Laminated) mluplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

,tw;wpDs; czTfis ePz;l fhyj;Jf;F fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp itj;jpUf;f KbAk;.

(i) miyAUthd fhl;Nghl; - (Corrugated) ,it nghJthfj; Jizg; nghjpnra; nghUshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

(ii) fljhrp> gpshj;jpf;F Nru;j;Jj; jahupf;fg;gl;l gy;gilg; nghUl;fs;

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l nghjpnra; nghUl;fspd; ,ay;Gfs; kw;Wk; gpujp$yq;fs;; vd;gw;iwf; fUj;jpw;

nfhz;L ,uz;L my;yJ ,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;l nghjpnra; nghUl;fisr; Nru;j;J gy;gil nghjpnra;

Clfq;fs; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

06. fspkz;fsp kz;izg; gad;gLj;jp nghjpapL nfhs;fyd; jahupf;fg;gLk;.

Nahfl;> japu;> gpau;> Njd; Nghd;wit nghjp nra;ag;gLk;.

,f;nfhs;fydpYs;s Ez;Jis nfhz;l Nkw;gug;gpdhy; thA> ePuhtp gupkhw;wk; eilngWfpd;wJ.

,f;nfhs;fyd; ,yFtpy; cilAkpay;G nfhz;lJ. ,jdhy; ghtidf; fhyk; FiwT.

fspAld; NtW nraw;ifahd nghjpaply; nghUs;fSld; xd;wpize;J xspA+LGftpLkpay;gw;w>

ePULGftpLkpay;gw;w> tspA+LGfkpLkpay;gw;w nghjpapL nghUs;fs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

07. fz;zhbnghjpapL nghUshf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fz;zhb gpd;tUkpay;igf; nfhz;lJ.

1. cau; ntg;gepiyf;F <LnfhLf;ff; $baJ.

2. czTg; gjhu;j;jq;fSld; jhf;fk; nfhs;shj jd;ik.

3. jpz;kj; jd;ikahd jplkhd nghjpaply; nghUshf nraw;gl;L ghJfhg;ig toq;Fk;.

4. <ug;gjd;> fhw;W> kzk;> Ez;zq;fpfs; Nghd;wit cl;GfKbahjit.

5. cw;gj;jpg; nghUs; CL fhzf;j;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;.

gog;ghF> Ritf;$l;L> mr;rhW> ghy;kh Nghd;w czTfisg; nghjp nra;tjw;fhf ,J gutyhfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

xspf;F czu;jpwDila czTfshapd; epw%l;lg;gl;l fz;zhbf; nfhs;fyd;fis gad;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk;.

,it Rj;jkhf;fg;gl;L kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jg;glf; $bait. mNjNtis mtw;iw

fpUkpaopj;J J}ajhf;fp nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ghtidapd; gpd;dUk; Nrjkile;j gFjpfisAk;

kPs;Row;rpf;Fl;gLj;jyhk;.

Vida nghjpapL nghUl;fis tpl ghukhdjhFk;. cilAk; jd;ik nfhz;ljhy; ftdkhfg;

gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. cilAk;NghJ> rpwpa Jfs;fs; czTld; NrUtjhy; ghjpg;G Vw;gLk;.

3 ply2 ply 5 plyt;Su i|yd


08. nghypjPd; gpshj;jpf;F (gy;gFjpag; nghUl;fs;) (Polymeric material)gpshj;jpf;F fbdkhd jd;ik nfhz;lJ. ,jd; %yk; nghjpapl gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ngl;bfs;>

Nghj;jy;fs; jahupf;fg;gLk;.

kPs;jftpay;G nfhz;l nghypjPd; jhs;fSk; nghjpapL nghUl;fSf;fhf cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

,J gpd;tUk; ,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;ld.

1. fhw;W> <ug;gjd; vd;gtw;Wf;F CLGftpLkpay;G mw;wjhFk;.

2. ntg;gj;jpdpd;Wk; fhtyplg;glf; (Sealing) $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

3. kpf ,yFthf cw;gj;jpahsu; tpahghupfs;> Efu;Nthupdhy; ifahsj;jf;fjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

4. ghuk; Fiwe;jitahFk;.

5. Fiwe;j nryT nfhz;litahFk;.

nghypjPd; tiffs;

1. nrNyhNgd;

,dpg;Gfspd; NkYiwahfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. c-k;: kpl;lha;

2. cNyhfk; Nru;e;j nghypjPd; _ fpoq;F rPty; nghjp

3.ieNyhd; glyk;

4. nghyp vjpyPd;

,tw;Ws; ,uz;L tiffs; cs;sd.

m) mlu;j;jp Fiwe;j nghypj;jPd; / nghyp vjpyPd; (Low Density Poly Ethelene) - LDPE gRikahd kuf;fwpfs;> goq;fs; vd;gdtw;iwg; nghjpnra;ag; nghUj;jkhdit. vz;nza;j;jd;ikahd>

xspf;F czu;jpwDila> thridAila czTfSf;F ,it nghUj;jkhdit.

M) mlu;j;jp $ba nghypj;jPd; / nghyp vjpyPd; (High Density Poly Ethelene) - HDPE mlu;j;jp Fiwe;j nghypj;jPid tplj; jhq;Fkpay;G mjpfkhFk;.

ePuhtpf;F CLGftpLk; ,ay;G Fiwe;jit.

ntJg;gf cw;gj;jpfisg; nghjp nra;tjw;fhf ,it gad;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wd.

5. nghyp Gnwhg;gypd; (Poly Propylene) PP cWjpahdit. Fwpj;j vy;iy tiu ePUf;Fj; jilapay;Gilait. nghJthf gp];fl; tiffs;>

Snak tifisg; nghjpnra;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

6. nghypnaRj;ju;

nghypvjpyPd; njupj;jNyw;W (PET) ,J kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jf; $baJ. vz;nza;f;F XusT CLGftpLkpay;Gilait.

cWjpahdit. vdpDk;> ,tw;wpd; tpiy rw;W mjpfkhFk;. c-k;: Fspu;ghdg; Nghj;jy; / nkfh Nghj;jy; / jz;zPu;g; Nghj;jy;

7. mluplg;gl;l (nykpNdw;) mYkpdpak; glyk;

,J tsp> xsp> <uypg;G Mfpatw;iw CLGftplhJ. c - k; : ghy;kh igf;fw;

09. cNyhfg; nghUl;fs; Vida nghjpapLk; nghUl;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; cNyhfq;fs; rpwg;ghdit. ,jd; mD$yq;fshtd.

1. czTf;F KOtJkhfg; ghJfhg;G fpilf;fg;ngWfpd;wik.

2. ntg;gj;jpw;F <L nfhLf;fpd;wik.

3. Ez;zq;fpfshy; njhw;wpf;nfhs;s Kbahik.

4. gad;ghL ,yFthjy;

gpujp$yq;fs;

1. ghukhdJ

2. rpwpastpyhd Kaw;rpfspy; gad;gL;j;j Kbahik.

cztpdJ ,urhad> ngsjpf ,ay;G vd;gtw;Wf;F Vw;g cNyhf nfhs;fyd;fsJ cl;Nkw;gug;gpy;

G+rg;gLk; G+r;R NtWgLk;. ,J ehd;F tifg;gLk;.

1. F tif - Fruit Type 2. K tif - Acid resistant 3. C tif - Corn Type


4. M tif - Meat Type

1. nts;sPak; G+rg;gl;l cUf;Fj; jfL

cUf;Fj; jfl;bd; kPJ nts;sPak; g+rg;gl;Lj; JUg;gpbj;jypypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;l jfLfs; nts;sPak;

G+rg;gl;l cUf;Fj; jfL vdg;gLk;. cNyhfk; G+rg;gLtjdhy; cNyhfj;Jf;Fupa gsgsg;Gj;

jd;ikiaAk; fbdj;jd;ikiaAk; ngWk;.

cWjpahdJ

gue;j ntg;gepiy tPr;rpYk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

<uypg;ghd czT tif Kjy; cyu;thd czT tiffs; tiu ,lg; nghUj;jkhdJ.

Fspu;ghdq;fs;> kPd;fs;> goj;Jz;Lfs;> gor;rhW Nghd;w czTfs; ,tw;wpy; nghjpnra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

rpy jputtiffSld; nts;sPak; ,urhadj; jhf;fj;jpy; <Lglf;$baJ. vdNt> mt;thwhd czT

tiffis ,dq;fz;L mtw;wf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd muf;Fr; rhaj;ij nfhs;fydpDs; G+r Ntz;Lk;.

gad;gLj;Jk; tpjk;: Ngzp> nfhs;fyd;> jl;Lf;fs;> ciwfs;

2. mYkpdpak;

nkd;ikahdJ. JUg;gpbahjJ. kPs; Row;rpf;Fl;gLj;jyhk;.

KOikahfg; nghjpapLk; re;ju;g;gq;fspd;NghJ nryT mjpfk;.

gad;gLj;Jk; tpjk;

mYkpdpaj; jfL - ghdtiffs; nghjpnra;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

mYkpdpa ,jo;fs; (Aluminium foil) - nrhf;fpNyw;Wf;fisr; Rw;Wtjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

mYkpdpak; G+rg;gl;l gpshj;jpf;F nkd;rt;Tfs; - fg; / lg; Kj;jpiuaplg;gl;l Ngzpfs;> tspapWf;fkhd

nkd;rt;Tfs;> Nghj;jy; %bfs;

nghjpapL nghUl;fspd; tiffs; mlq;fpAs;s nghUSldhd neUf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;

Kjyhd nghjp (Primary Pack) ,it czTf;F kpf mz;ikahfTs;s nghjpAiwahFk;. mj;Jld; czTld; Neubahfj; njhLifAWk;

mikg;ghFk;. (ghy;khg; igf;fw;wpd; cs;Siw - KjyhtJ ciw)

Jizahd nghjp (Secondary Pack) Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;Fk; gad;ghl;Lf;Fk; Vw;wtifapy; ,lg;gl;l ciwahFk;. ,it czTld; Neubahfj;

njhLifAWtjpy;iy. (ghy;khg;igf;fw;Wf;F ntspNaAs;s fhu;l;Nghu;l; ngl;b - ,uz;lhtJ ciw)

toq;fw; rq;fpypapd; gq;Fjhuupd; mbg;gilapy;

Efu;Tg; nghjp

Efu;NthuJ ifapw; fpilf;fg;ngWk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; cw;gj;jpg; nghUisj; jhq;fp epw;Fk; ciw.

Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; nghjp

jdpnahU Efu;Tg;nghUs; my;yJ Efu;Tg; nghUl; njhFjpiaf; nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhf

xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l nghjp

cs;Ns fhzg;gLk; epiyikapd; mbg;gilapy;

ntw;wplg; nghjp (Vaccum Pack) nghjpapDs; cs;s tsp mfw;wg;gl;Lf; fhzg;gLk; nghjp (nghJthf nefpOe;jd;ikAila

gjhu;j;jj;jpdhyhd ciw)

thA epug;gg;gl;l nghjp (Gas filled Pack)

gy;gilnghjp Tetra packfpUkpaopf;fg;gl;l ghy;> gor;rhW Mfpatw;iwg; nghjpapl ,g;nghjp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;nghjp

ehd;F glyq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. cs;spUe;Jn ntspNehf;fp mike;j glyq;fs; tUkhW.

1. cl;Gwkhd nghypjPd; gil - czitg; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; NgZjy;.

2. mYkpdpae;jhs; - xl;rprd;> #upaxsp Nghd;wtw;Wf;Fj; jilahf ,Uf;Fk;. mNjNtis

thAf;fshy; gf;fg;Gw eRq;Fjypdpd;W ghJfhg;G fpilf;Fk;.

3. fljhrpg; glyk; - czTg;nghUSf;F tYit toq;fr; nra;Ak;.

4. ntspg;Gwkhd nghypjPd; gil - ntspg;Gwkhd ePuhtp Nghd;wtw;wpdpd;W nfhs;fyidAk;

czitAk; ghJfhf;Fk;.


tpNrl epge;jidfspd; fPohd nghjpaply;fs;jw;NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tpNlr nghjpaply; El;gq;fshFk;.

01. fpUkpaopf;fg;gl;l epge;jidfspd; fPohd nghjpahf;fk; (Aseptic Packaging) ,q;F czTk;> nfhs;fyDk; cau; ntg;gepiyf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;L (Ultra high temperature) fpUkpaopf;fg;gl;L> nfhs;fyDs; fhw;wpWf;fkhdjhf milf;fg;gLk;.

,r;nrad;Kiwapy; rfy nraw;ghLfSk; jd;dpaf;fkhfTk;> nghwpKiw uPjpapYk; eilngWtjdhy;

Ez;zq;fpfs; czit miltjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk; FiwthFk;.

ghy;> gor;rhW Nghd;wit ,k;Kiwapy; nghjp nra;ag;gLk;.

mD$yq;fs;

czT Ez;zq;fpfspdpd;Wk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.

czit ntt;NtW ,urhad ngsjpf khRg; nghUs;fs; miltJ jLf;fg;gLk;.

cztpy; fhzg;gLk; Nghrhf;Fg; ngWkjp tha;e;j nghUs;fs; fhf;fg;gLk;.

czT Fsp&l;ly; fsQ;rpaj; Njitfspd;W tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.

czTg; gjhu;j;jq;fspy; XusT rikf;fg;gl;l jd;ik fpilf;fg;ngWk;.

gpujp$yq;fs;

czTg; nghUs;fsJ cw;gj;jpr; nryT mjpfupj;jy;.

czTg; nghUs;fspy; ,lk;ngWk; rpy nehjpaj; jhf;fq;fis KOikahf epWj;j KbahJ Nghjy;.

02. khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l mfr;#oy; / fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l epge;jidfspd; fPohd nghjpahf;fk;

(modified / controlled atmosphere Packaging) nghjpapDs; cs;s thAf;fspd; tpfpjk; cw;gj;jpg;nghUspd; MAl; fhyj;ij mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;.

nghjpaply; gjhu;j;jj;jpDs; Fwpj;j thAf;fis cupa epge;jidfspy; milj;J nghjpaply; eilngWk;.

rpiwg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s (milf;fg;gl;Ls;s) thAf;fis ghJfhg;gjw;nfd thAg;gupkhw;w jil nfhz;l

Clfj;ij njupT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

epug;gg;gLk; thAf;fs; Ez;zq;fpfs;> fopTfs; mw;wjhf fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

c - k; : ghy;kh - N2 Nghd;w jhf;fkilah thAf;fis epug;Gjy;

,iwr;rp> kPd; - O2 rjtPjj;ijf; Fiwj;jy;

kuKe;jpupif> epyf;fliy - O2 it mfw;Wjy;

mD$yq;fs;

,e;j tifapyhd nghjpaply; %yk; cztpdJ gad;gL fhytsT 50% Kjy; 400% tiu

mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;.

cztpdJ ePz;l MAl;fhytsT fhuzkhf nghUshjhu uPjpapyhd Nrjj;jpdsT ,optsthf;fg;gLk;.

czTg; gz;lj;jpdJ ,Wjptbtk; cau;juj;jpyhdjhf mikjy;.

kpfr;rpwe;j gz;GfSldhd cw;gj;jpg; nghUnshd;iw re;ijg;gLj;jf;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;.

,urhad uPjpapyhd ew;fhg;gpfs; mw;wjhf mikjy;.

,yFthd nghjpaply; nfhs;fydhfg; gad;gL;j;jg; $bajhf ,Uj;jy;.

gpujp$yq;fs;

nghjpaply; thAf;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; nghUl;L Nkyjpf nryNtw;gLfpd;wik.

ntg;gepiyia fl;Lg;gLj;j Ntz;baikjy;.

ntt;NtW czTg; nghUs;fspd; nghUl;L rpwg;ghd thAf;fyitfis gad;gLj;j Ntz;bNaw;gLjy;.

tpNrlkhd ,ae;jpuq;fs;> cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; gapw;rpfs; njhopDl;gq;fs; Nghd;wit Ntz;lg;gLfpd;wik.

thAf;fs; %yk; nghjpfsJ gUkd; mjpfupg;gjdhy; nfhz;L nry;yy; nryT mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;.

03. ntw;wplg; nghjpaply; (Vacuum Packaging) czTw;gj;jp xd;W njhlu;ghf nghjpAs; fhzg;gLk; rfy thAf;fisAk; mfw;wp fhw;wpWf;fkhf

Kj;jpiuaplg;gLk;.

,jd; %yk; rhjhuz Fsp&l;bapy; NgZtjpYk; 3 - 5 klq;F fhytsT czTg; nghUspd;

gad;gLfhysT mjpfupf;fg;gLk;.

ntw;wplg; nghjpaply; nra;ag;gl;l nghjpfs; fl;lhakhf Fsp&l;bapy; Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fhuzk;

fhw;wpd;wpa rpy Ez;zq;fpfs; czit gOjilar; nra;ayhk;.


mD$yq;fs;

cztpd;W <uypg;G ,of;fg;glkhl;lhj mNjNtis czT eRq;fTk; khl;lhJ.

czT ciwepiyg; ghjpg;Gf;F (freezer burn) my;yJ xl;rpNaw;w ghjpg;Gf;F cl;gl khl;lhJ.

,iwr;rp> kPd; Nghd;w czTg; nghUs;fs; nkd;ikailtJ jtpu;f;fg;gLk;.

cztpdJ ,ioaikg;G ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.


08.20 - czTr; Rl;baply;

czTg;nghjpapd; kPJ czT njhlu;ghd jfty;fis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gad;gLj;Jk; jfty;fs; (Label) Rl;bahFk;.

czTr; Rl;baply; njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk; epakq;fs; 2005 ,ypUe;J eilKiwapYs;sJ.

1. Rl;b mr;Rg;gjpf;f Ntz;ba nkhop> vOj;Jf;fspd; msT Nghd;wdthFk;.

czTr; Rl;bapy; njhlu;ghd Nkyjpf tpguq;fis> 2005 [dtup khjk; 19k; jpfjp ntspte;j 1376/9 ,yf;fk; nfhz;l

murhq;f tu;j;jfkhdpapy; mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

Rl;baplypd; Nehf;fq;fs;

Efu;NthDf;F ahNjDk; czT njhlu;ghf nghUj;jkhd> nghUj;jkw;w jd;ik> ngWkjp Mfpatw;iw kjpg;gpLtjw;fhd

re;ju;g;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;.

xU cw;gj;jpg; nghUis ,d;ndhU cw;gj;jpg; nghUSld; xg;gpLtjw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;Fjy;.

cw;gj;jpahsu; Nkw;gb Nehf;fk; njhlu;ghd ftdj;jpw; nfhs;Sjy;.

Nghrizj; jd;ik> Efu;it Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Kiw> fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk;NghJ ftdpf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; Nghd;w

jfty;fis toq;Fjy;.

czTg; nghUs; nghjp xd;wpy; mlq;fpapUf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fs;

01. cw;gj;jpdJ ngau; :

cw;gj;jp (czT) njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; ,q;F fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

nghJg;ngau;> tu;j;jfg; ngau; Mfpad fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

,q;F nghJg; ngau;fis mr;Rg; gjpf;Fk;NghJ> me;j vOj;Jf;fspd; gUkd;> tu;j;jfg; ngaupd; vOj;jpdJ gUkdpYk;

ghu;f;f %d;wpy; xU gq;F gUkd; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. vOj;njhd;wpd; Mff; Fiwe;j gUkd; 3 mm MFk;.

nghjpapy; Efu;Nthu; fhzj;jf;f tifapy; ngauplg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

nghJg;ngau; rpq;fsk;> jkpo;> Mq;fpy nkhopfSs; Mff; Fiwe;jJ ,uz;bshy; jbj;j vOj;Jf;fshy; Fwpf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. ghy;kh tifapd; Full cream milk powder (KO Milg; ghy;kh) vd Fwpf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

tu;j;jfg; ngau; > %d;W nkhopfSs; ahjhapDk; xU nkhopapd; %yk; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

02. cztpy; mlq;fpAs;s $WfsJ gl;bay; :

cw;gj;jpapy; mlq;fpAs;s rfy $WfSk; ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gl;L> cw;gj;jpapy mlq;fpAs;s rfy $WfSk; ,q;F

Fwpg;gpl;L> mjhtJ fyf;fg;gl;l gjhu;j;jq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; mlq;fpapUf;Fk;.

03. Nghrizj; jfty;fs; :

100 g / 100 ,ml y; mlq;fpAs;s Nghrizf; $Wfs; ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk;.

04. Efu;tpd; nghUl;lhd topfhl;ly; :

fsQ;rpaw;gLj;Jf kw;Wk; czit gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; Nghd;wd Fwpg;gplg;gLk;.

05. cw;gj;jpahsu; njhlu;ghd jfty;fs; :

cw;gj;jpahsu; ngau;> tpyhrk;

Vw;wkjpahsu;> ,wf;Fkjpahsu;> tpepNahf];ju;> nghjpapLgtu; njhlu;ghd tplak; Nghd;wit ,q;F Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.

06. Njwpa epiw :

nfhs;fyd; jtpu;e;j cw;gj;jpapdJ epiw ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;Lk;.


07. ehs; FwpapLfs; :

cw;gj;jp jpfjp fhyhtjpj; jpfjp kPsg;nghjp nra;j jpfjp njhFjp ,y (FwpapL)

nghjp nra;j njhFjp mjpf gl;r rpy;yiw tpiy

jpfjp Efu;NthUf;F kaf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jhJ 13th Dec 2016 vd Fwpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

,aw;ifahd> nraw;ifahd> J}a> 100 % nfhOg;gfw;wg;gl;l> kpif fy;rpak;> nfhy];Nuhy; mw;w tplaq;fs;

Nkyjpfkhf Rl;bapy; Fwpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gpwg;Gupikapaf;Fupa njhopDl;gj;ij gad;gLj;jp khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l czthapd; Genetically modified vd

Fwpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;yy; mwpTWj;jy;fSld; $ba Rl;bfs;

czTw;gj;jpnahd;W nfhz;L nry;Yk;NghJ Vw;glf;$ba Nrjj;ij ,opthf;Fk; ru;tNjr uPjpahd Rl;bfs; cs;sd.

,f;FwpapLfs; nts;is epwg; gpd;dzpapy; fWg;G epwj;jpdhy; Fwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

,f;FwpaPLfs; gpujhd 3 gFjpfs; nfhz;lJ.

1. fg;gypy; nfhz;L nry;Yk;NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk; FwpaPL

mDg;GtupdJk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;gtupdJk; jfty;fis vOj;J %yk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; Fwp / ,yf;fk;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;gtupdJ Nfhupf;ifia milahsg;gLj;Jk; Fwp

nkhj;j ,wf;FkjpapYkhff; fhzg;gLk; msitf; Fwpf;Fk; Fwp

fg;gypy; Vw;wg;gl;l ,lj;jpid Fwpf;Fk; Fwp

2. jfty;fis ntspg;gLj;Jk; Fwp

cw;gj;jp nra;j ehL

nghjpapdJ epiw

nghjpapdJ msT

3. ifahsYld; njhlu;ghd FwpaPL

gpd;tUtd ru;tNjr uPjpahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l FwpaPlhFk;.

,yFtpy; cilaf; $baJ Nkw;gf;fk; ifahsy; <uypg;gpdpd;W ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

nfhOf;fpfs; gad;gLj;jyhfhJ #upa xsp glhjthW Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk; <u;g;g ikak;

unit 08 - e-thaksalawa · ms8 js yw xm3h msx)nkx no h -i i\

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