unit 1
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UNIT 1. THE GROWTH OF AMERICAN INDUSTRY. America: Pathways to the Present. Chapter 15. Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life (1870–1915). America: Pathways to the Present. Chapter 15: Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life (1870–1915). Section 1: Politics in the Gilded Age. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
UNIT 1 NOTESChapter 13 – Expansion of American IndustryChapter 15 – Politics, Immigration, & Urban Life
UNIT 1 INDUSTRIALISMThe growth of American cities and industry
America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 15Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life
(1870–1915)
OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the changes in late 1800’s
urban life relating to Immigration, Industrialization, and Politics in the Gilded Age.
Objective 1.4: In what ways did government reform the spoils system and regulate railroads?
Objective: 1.5: Analyze the challenges immigrants and cities faced late 1800s urban cities.
THEME: American Industry will grow with positive and negative consequences
America: Pathways to the Present
Section 1: Politics in the Gilded Age
Section 2: People on the Move
Section 3: The Challenge of the Cities
Section 4: Ideas for Reform
Chapter 15: Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life (1870–1915)
Presidents of the United States
George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841)
#21 - …Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)William McKinley; Republican (1896)Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)
#11 - 20James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)James Garfield; Republican (1880)
Chapter 15 SECTION 1
Politics in the Gilded
Age
How was politics affected by business in the late 1800s?
BUSINESS POLITICS
The Gilded Age: small layer of prosperity covered poverty & corruption of the late 1800s. This term was coined by Mark Twain.
Businesses operated without government regulation. This is known as laissez-faire economics. Laissez-faire means ‘allow to be’ in French.
Corporations supported government involvement when it benefited them. For example, American businesses accepted land grants and
subsidies. A subsidy is a payment made by the government to encourage
the development of certain key industries, such as railroads.WRITE THIS
DOWN!
THE SPOILS SYSTEM
During Gilded Age, Republicans and Democrats had roughly same numbers To keep party members loyal,
candidates rewarded supporters and tried to avoid controversial issues.
Under the Spoils System, candidates for political office would offer jobs in exchange for votes. The spoils system also gave
supporters access to money and political favors.
WRITE THIS DOWN!
JAMES GARFIELD Before the 1880 presidential election the Republican
party was split into factions. The Stalwarts defended the spoils system. The Half-Breeds hoped to reform the system. The Independents opposed the spoils system.
WRITE THIS DOWN!
On July 2, 1881 President Garfield was assassinated over the spoils system Garfield wanted to reform the
system. His running-mate was Chester
Arthur, a Stalwart. Charles Guiteau did not get a job he
was promised He now wanted Arthur as president.
REFORMSPendleton Civil Service
Act Created a merit system
where employees must be fit for govt. work
Established the Merit System in which applicants compete for jobs based on their experience and qualifications
It limited the number of family members that could apply for civil service jobs
WRITE THIS DOWN!
After the assassination, President Chester Arthur was able to get congressional support for the civil service act
THE GILDED AGE — Assessment
On July 2, 1881 President Garfield was assassinated by a Stalwart, which is a Republican whoa. Opposed the spoils systemb. Wanted to use government funds to complete the
Transcontinental Railroadc. Defended and supported the spoils systemd. Supported any government that gave greater rights to workers
The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed to
a. Cancel laws that required government workers to be paid by tariffs
b. End the high tariffs created during the Gilded Age c. End the spoils system and ensure government employees are
qualifiedd. Print money backed by silver rather than gold.
THE GILDED AGE — Assessment On July 2, 1881 President Garfield was assassinated by a
Stalwart, which is a Republican whoa. Opposed the spoils systemb. Wanted to use government funds to complete the
Transcontinental Railroadc. Defended and supported the spoils systemd. Supported any government that gave greater rights to workers
The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed to
a. Cancel laws that required government workers to be paid by tariffs
b. End the high tariffs created during the Gilded Age c. End the spoils system and ensure government
employees are qualifiedd. Print money backed by silver rather than gold.
CORRUPTION IN CITIES
THE MACHINERapidly growing cities were
difficult to govern. Increased revenue and responsibilities
gave city governments more power and competition for control grew more intense.
Different groups represented the interests of different classes.
The political machine: unofficial city organization designed to keep a group in power. Political machines worked through the
exchange of favors. WRITE THIS DOWN!
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
CORRUPTION Machines won the loyalty of immigrants by providing them with
apartments, jobs Provided paved streets and sewer systems They protected criminals through bribery
Popular bosses: Tom Pendergast in KC
- Helped Harry Truman
William Marcy Tweed - Ran NY Machine
WRITE THIS DOWN!
GRAFT
Political machines worked through the exchange of favors. Many people who wanted favors would pay money, graft,
to the machine. Graft was a major source of income for the machines.
Many immigrants accepted help from those who promised financial assistance Business gained an edge over unions through government corruption A contractor who was eager to win a city contract for a construction project
would pay government officials who could throw the contract their wayWRITE THIS
DOWN!
THE FLOW OF POLITICAL MACHINES
Political Machine
s
Immigrant Votes
City LeadersGraft
Local Business
City leaders are controlled through immigrant votes
Bribes are given to city leaders and political machines
Businesses pay large amounts of money for permits and contracts
Machines are headed by a boss and keep
one political party in power
THE GILDED AGE Assessment
Why did many immigrants support political machines?
a. Political machines provided them with jobs.b. Political machines were free of corruption.c. Political machines put powerful ‘bosses’ out of business.d. Political machines fought against crime in the slums.
Many people who wanted favors would pay money, or
______________, to the political machines.a. Settlementsb. Graftc. Temperanced. Capital payments
THE GILDED AGE Assessment
Why did many immigrants support political machines?
a.Political machines provided them with jobs.b. Political machines were free of corruption.c. Political machines put powerful ‘bosses’ out of
business.d. Political machines fought against crime in the slums.
Many people who wanted favors would pay money, or
______________, to the political machines.a. Settlementsb.Graftc. Temperanced. Capital payments