unit 1: age of exploration. today’s essential question why was there a desire for direct trade to...
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UNIT 1:AGE OF EXPLORATION
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Today’s essential question
Why was there a desire for direct trade to Asia
and how did it lead England to create
colonies in the New World?
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Causes of European Exploration Push Factors
Crusades Holy wars fought between Christians and
Muslims for Jerusalem Results?
Renaissance Rebirth of knowledge after Middle Ages Causes? Results?
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Push-Pull Factors
Why Explore? Knowledge Gold God Glory Technology Trade
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The Caravel
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Portugal takes the lead!
Prince Henry “the Navigator”
Opened the first school of navigation
Never actually navigated anything
Sought a faster route to the Portugal’s Asian Possessions (Spice Islands)
GOAL: PORTUGUESE EMPIRE, SPREAD CATHOLICISM, TRADE
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Voyages to Africa
1400s – Portuguese explorers searched Africa’s western coast for gold and spices
Pope Nicholas V – granted rights to all lands claimed in return for converting inhabitants
Kill all who resist
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Portuguese Explorers
Vasco de Gama*Sets out to find a
faster route to India, around Africa
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African Resistance
War and disease temporarily stop Portugal, but eventually Africa will be won through trade
Portuguese Trade – pepper, gold, cloth and ivory in exchange for guns, gunpowder, and later rum
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The Spanish Monarchy – King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
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Spanish Goals for the Exploration
1. Spanish Empire2. Overtake Portuguese3. Spread Catholicism
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What do you already know about him?
In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.
In 1493, he returned to make slaves of all he’d see.
“One of the greatest mariners in history, a visionary genius, a mystic, a national hero, a failed administrator, a naïve entrepreneur, and a ruthless and greedy imperialist.” From The Library of Congress’ 1429:
AN ONGOING VOYAGE
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
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Christopher Columbus
Columbus, an Italian, met Ferdy and Izzy’s goals.
Columbus was to find a direct route to ASIA by TRAVELING WEST from SPAIN!
He ran into something else.
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Columbus’ voyage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjEGncridoQ&list=UUX6b17PVsYBQ0ip5gyeme-Q&index=22&feature=plcp
Traveling for Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella)
Where did he think he landed?The East Indies
Where did he land?Landed in San Salvador
Columbus’ voyage
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CENTRAL AMERICA
He called the Natives “Indians” because he thought he had arrived in India.Tales of his journeys lead to a new demand among Europeans to colonize the “New World”The Age of Conquest had begun!
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Columbus’ Discoveries and Claims 1492 – Columbus leaves Spain on three
ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria) with 90 men
Land sighted six weeks later (the Bahamas), colonized natives
Returned later and enslaved natives in a quest for gold
Eventually thousands die to the Spanish conquistadores
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English Explorers
John Cabot – 1497 – believed Columbus discovered Asia
Landed in Canada 2nd Voyage sailed as
far south as Maryland
Claimed all land for England (“New England”)
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French Explorers
Focused on Northern areas
Claimed Canada for fishing and fur trade
Jacques Cartier – 1534 – followed St. Lawrence River inland, claiming all lands for France
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Other Spaniards
1539 – Hernando de Soto – lands in Florida, claims all lands north to Arkansas
Plundered native villages for gold, died during war along the Mississippi
1566 – Juan Pardo established St. Augustine, FL – oldest colony in “New World”
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By 1492, people had lived in the Western Hemisphere for tens of thousands of years without sustained contact with other parts of the world (Europe, Africa, Asia) Where is the Western Hemisphere? (someone show us on the
map in the classroom)
What came to be called “America”
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In 1510, reached the coast of what is now South America
Proved Columbus wrong What about Columbus’ ideas were incorrect? Where did Columbus think that he originally
landed? The East Indies (What today is Indonesia)
Recognized the New World as “America” Why do you think it is named America?
AMERIGO VESPUCCI
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Today’s essential question
What was the Columbian Exchange and how did it relate to movement and
interaction between the New and Old World?
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Contact with Europeans
Contact brought to the Native Americans new food products and tools
Also brought new diseases
Over half of the Native American population would die within a century
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Columbian exchange
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Columbian Exchange
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Triangular Trade