Unit 1 Great Scientists

What do you know about great scientists? Try the quiz on P1 and find out who knows the most.

Warming up

1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?

Archimedes (287-212 BC) an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist

2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?

Charles Darwin (1808-1882) British author of The Origin of Species

3.Who invented the first steam engine?

Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it and turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.

4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?

Gregor Mendel

(1822-1884) Czech ( 捷克人 )

5.Who discovered radium?

Marie Curie (1867-1934) (Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes)

6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?

Thomas Edison (1847-1931)

an American inventor

Thomas Edison

The Inventions of Thomas Edison

Phonograph 留声机

LightbulbMotion Pictures

7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?

Last Supper

Mona Lisa

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian artist

8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?

Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829)British

Miniature Miner's Safety Lamp

9.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?

Zhang Heng

(78-139) Chinese, invented seismograph

10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?

Stephen Hawking

(1942--) a British astronomer

Pre-reading1. What five most important qualities do you think a scientist should have? Give reasons.

careful clever strict patient creative strong-willed honest serious intelligent humorous ambitious generous

2. Do you know John Snow?2. Do you know John Snow?

3. Do you know what kind of disease is c3. Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?holera?

John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.

It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.

Let’s get to know how Dr. John Snow defeateLet’s get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this read “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this rea

dingding passagepassage: :

John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”

Do you know what did this map was u

sed for in 1854?

Finding out the cause of Cholera.

• Who defeats “King Cholera“?

• What happened in 1854?

• How many people died in 10 days?

• Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?

John Snow

Cholera outbreak hit London.

500

These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.

1. Skim and Scan

2. Read and answer1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at fir

st?2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed

by ________. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad

Street and Cambridge Street C. Separating those who suffered cholera from t

hose who didn’t D. Both A and B4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, w

hat did John Snow do?

1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first?

2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?

Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.

People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.

3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________.

A. gathering information with the help of a map

B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street

C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t

D. both A and B

4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?

Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine.

Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.

Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.

3. The passage is written as a report of a3. The passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are n experiment and there are 7 steps7 steps::(Page1, Pre-reading 2)(Page1, Pre-reading 2)

• 1.Find a problem:(1.Find a problem:( 发现问题发现问题 ))

• 2.Make up a question:(2.Make up a question:( 形成研究主题形成研究主题 ))

• 3.Think of a method:(3.Think of a method:( 找出研究方法找出研究方法 ))

• 4.Collect results:(4.Collect results:( 收集材料收集材料 ))

• 5.Analyse results:(5.Analyse results:( 分析材料分析材料 ))

• 6.Repeat if necessary:(6.Repeat if necessary:( 必要时重新分析必要时重新分析 ))

• 7.Draw a conclusion:(7.Draw a conclusion:( 得出结论得出结论 ))

Mind Map of the textJohn Snow Defeats “King Cholera”

Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera

Paragraph 2: Two theories

Find a Problem: What causes the cholera?

Make a question: Which is right?

Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854

Paragraph 3: Study of the breakout in 1854 Think of a method: Test two theories

Collect the result: Mark the death

Analyse the result: Reason for death and no death

Paragraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854

Paragraph 5-6: Study of the breakout in 1854

Analyse the result: Find the resource of the water

Repeat if necessary: Find more evidence.

Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ

polluted water carried cholera

Paragraph 6: Prevention of Cholera

John Snow defeats King Cholera

4.Read the passage again and finish Ex. 1(Page 3).

The problem

The cause Idea 1:

Idea 2:

The method

Scientific Report by John SnowNobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera

a strange cloud of gas found its victimspeople absorbed the disease with meals

Collect information from the cholera outbreak to prove which theory was correct

The results

Idea 1 or 2? Why?

The conclusion

He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water

Idea 2. Because the information showed that the dirty water carried cholera

He defeated cholera by examining the water supply and dealing with the polluted water

• 5. Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:

• John Snow was a well-known ______ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ______ out, he began to gather information. He ______ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.

doctor

19thcause defeat

brokemarked

pump

sourceexamined

dealing

Discussion

• Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? Why?

1.Surf the Internet to find more information about infectious diseases.

2.Read the passage again and find out all the useful words and expressions.