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GCSE Physical Education

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Practical Application

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Types of Skill

SECTION B

UNIT 1 - Information

• Two significant factors which distinguish the level at which people take part in physical activity are:

SKILL

FITNESS• There are many different types of skill and their use

depends on the nature of the physical activity.• Skill can be classified as:

BASIC/ SIMPLE -------------- COMPLEX

OPEN --------------- CLOSED




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• BASIC/SIMPLE COMPLEX CONTINUUM

BASIC/ SIMPLE SKILLS

COMPLEX SKILLS

RUNNING DOUBLE SOMERSAULT

IN DIVING

• BASIC MOVEMENT PATTERNS • LIMITED AMOUNT OF

INFORMATION TO PROCESS AND A SMALLER COGNITIVE ELEMENT

• INVOLVE MORE DECISION – MAKING

• BIGGER COGNITIVE ELEMENT (MORE THOUGHT)




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Types of Skill

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• OPEN – CLOSED CONTINUUM

Types of Skill

OPEN SKILLS

CLOSED SKILLS

HOCKEY PASS IN GAME SITUATION/

WINDSURFING

GYMNASTICS HAND STAND /

SHOT PUT

HIGH JUMP

BADMINTON SERVE

• SKILL THAT IS AFFECTED BY THE ENVIRONMENT

• REQUIRES ADAPTABILITY FROM PERFORMER TO SUIT THE NEEDS OF THE ENVIRONMENT

• OPEN SKILLS NEEDED WHERE YOU CANNOT CONTROL WHAT WILL HAPPEN NEXT

• DECISION MAKING REQUIRED

• MORE INFORMATION TO PROCESS.• USED IN A FIXED ENVIRONMENT • NO OUTSIDE INFLUENCES • CAN BECOME A HABIT • CAN CONTROL WHAT HAPPENS NEXT• LESS DECISION MAKING REQUIRED




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Types of Skill

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• ENVIRONMENTthe influences which decide to what extent a skill is open or closed:

VENUE – OPPOSITION – OWN TEAM – TYPE OF COMPETITION – STAGE OF THE GAME – STATE OF THE GAME – WEATHER – SURFACE – CROWD – EXTENT OF PRESSURE.




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Types of Skill

SECTION B GCSE Physical Education


• SKILLS CONTINUUM

Skills can be placed on the lines according to the extent to how Basic/Complex and open/closed they are.

BASIC/ SIMPLE SKILLS

COMPLEX SKILLS




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CLOSED Skills can also be seen in open situations:

(1) Serving in Badminton. Badminton is an open activity, however the serve is a closed skill. A badminton serve always has the same actions, but the player can change the timing and placing of the shot according to the opponent’s stance. This can be done from memory and from his weaknesses. This skill, therefore, is partly closed and partly open.

(2) High Jump – the jump itself is closed but the run-up is influenced by the surface, weather, crowd and height of the bar.




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Types of Skill

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1. Group taking part in Basic and Complex skills: e.g.

Basic Complex

• Running • Hockey dribbling

• Walking • Badminton rally

‘Which are most different’?

‘Why’?

elicit the features of Basic and Complex skills by asking groups to explain their answers.

UNIT 1 – Practical Application

Discussion




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Types of Skill

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2. Group taking part in open and closed skills e.g.

elicit the features of open and closed skills by asking groups to explain their answers.

UNIT 1 – Practical Application

‘which are open’?‘which are closed’?

Discussion

OPEN CLOSEDAny team game Forward roll

Showing how more decisions have to be made and the effect of the environment (opposition)

Showing how few decisions have to be made and little interference from the environment

Could use 3 v 1 or 3 v 2 (Football/ Netball) – choices available for passing and what decisions are possible

Shot Put




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Types of Skill

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UNIT 1 - Links

• Guidance • Practice • Learning/ Stages of Learning• Information Processing System • Characteristics of a skilled performer/ performance




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Types of Skill

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UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEPGDNtcLrk&NR=1&feature=fvwp

Basic Skill

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=By1JQFxfLMM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6t7BJ3K0KEc

Complex Skill




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Types of Skill

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UNIT 1 - Activity

1. What is a Skill?

2. Explain the difference between OPEN and CLOSED skills and give one example for each.

3. “Skills can be classified as closed or open.”(i) What is a closed skill?

(ii) What is an open skill?

4. Which type of skill has more information to process, OPEN or CLOSED?




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5. Give reasons to explain why closed skills are usually easier to learn than open skills.

6. Using sporting examples, explain the difference between BASIC and COMPLEX skills.

7. What type of PRACTICE is best for learning

(i) a CLOSED skill?(ii) an OPEN skill?




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Types of Skill

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UNIT 1 - Activity

8. Using a tennis serve, as an example, suggest three factors that could cause the movement towards the open end of the continuum in the diagram (from ).

OPEN SKILLS

CLOSED SKILLS




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Types of Skill

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UNIT 1 - Activity

9. Match the following skills to a position on the OPEN/ CLOSED CONTINUUM:

OPEN SKILLS

CLOSED SKILLS

WINDSURFING GOLF SWING JAVELIN THROW HIGH JUMP




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TYPES OF SKILLTYPES OF SKILL

WHICH ARE THE MOST DIFFICULT SKILLS TO LEARN

AND WHY?

WHICH ARE THE MOST DIFFICULT SKILLS TO LEARN

AND WHY?

BASIC / COMPLEX

BASIC / COMPLEX

OPEN-CLOSED

CONTINUUM

OPEN-CLOSED

CONTINUUM

IDENTIFICATION OF PLACEMENT OF SPORTING ACTIVITIES ON

CONTINUUM

IDENTIFICATION OF PLACEMENT OF SPORTING ACTIVITIES ON

CONTINUUM

UNIT 1 – Key Facts/ Glossary

LINKS WITH TYPES OF GUIDANCE

LINKS WITH TYPES OF GUIDANCE

LINKS WITH TYPES OF PRACTICE

LINKS WITH TYPES OF PRACTICE

unit 1 - information

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