unit 1 introduction to chemistry world of chemistry chapter 1 chemistry: an introduction
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 1Introduction to Chemistry
World of ChemistryChapter 1 Chemistry: An Introduction
Chapter Objectives:
• Identify the importance of studying chemistry• Identify chemists’ role in the real world• Identify how to study chemistry• Define what chemistry is• Identify and demonstrate the steps of the
Scientific Method
Why is studying chemistry important?
To help us…- develop medicines- make fireworks - develop fertilizer- to balance pH
Who uses chemistry?– chemists!!– doctors– journalists– paint manufacturers– oceanographers– cosmetic companies
Where else or who else do you think uses chemistry?
What do chemists do?
• Chemists can focus on a range of areas including…– materials science– biochemistry – astrochemistry – soil chemistryFor more career options see:http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/careers/
As a student, how do I…
….benefit from this class?• Answer questions you might
already have about anything nature
• Develop problem solving skills– recognize and analyze a problem– draw conclusions from data,
evidence
• Continue to develop and apply algebraic skills
• Develop science literacy skills• Do really interesting experiments
and use cool lab equipment
….study for this class?• Memorize vocab and
definitions• take extra notes/ideas
discussed in class• Review notes frequently• Learn the fundamentals,
principal concepts• Do practice problems!!
– Identify patterns– simplify, simplify, simplify
What is chemistry?
• Chemistry: the study of the transformation of matter
• chemical vs. physical– how something reacts vs. how it physically looks
• chemical behavior ruled by the “invisible” world of atoms and subatomic particles
• Pencils are made of rubber, metal, wood, and graphite…what does this look like?
The microscopic world of pencils?
The Scientific Method• Scientific method: a series of steps used to analyze
and solve a problem observed in nature
1. Observation - identify a problem2. Hypothesis – propose an explanation (sometimes
use “if, then” statement)3. Experiment – develop a strategy to test hypothesis4. Analyze results 5. Draw conclusions/report results
What’s necessary for an experiment?
• Independent variable: manipulated by experimenter• Dependent variable: measured by experimenter• Control variable: unchanged, constant• Not every experiment is required to have variables,
usually for “if, then” hypothesis
Precision vs. Accuracy• Multiple trials required to validate data (the more the better
as long as you’re getting good data)• Data should be both precise and accurate– precision: consistency in trials– accurate: how close to theoretical or accepted results
http://extensionengine.com/accuracy-precision/#.U_pba7ywIbo
Analyzing data
• To determine the relationship between variables, it is often good to graphically represent data
• x axis – independent variable• y axis – dependent variable• type of graph depends on experiment (bar graph, line
of best fit)• Quantitative data – numerical measurements• Qualitative data – descriptions
Good graph
http://misterguch.brinkster.net/graph.html
Bad graph
http://misterguch.brinkster.net/graph.html
Drawing conclusions
• Conclusions may not support hypothesis• Theory – provides an explanation for
observations (can be disproven)– Big Bang Theory for the origins of the universe
• Law – provides general statement about observations, does not explain “why” but cannot be disproven – Law of gravity