UNIT 1UNIT 1

Introduction to Ideology and Introduction to Ideology and LiberalismLiberalism

What is an Ideology?What is an Ideology?

A belief systemA belief system Body of principles, goals, symbols that Body of principles, goals, symbols that

characterise a person / group / characterise a person / group / institutioninstitution

Body of idea on which a political, Body of idea on which a political, economic, or social system is based oneconomic, or social system is based on

A doctrine, philosophy or value systemA doctrine, philosophy or value system Origins or way of thinking of an Origins or way of thinking of an

individualindividual

Characteristics of an Characteristics of an IdeologyIdeology

Beliefs in human natureBeliefs in human nature Beliefs about the structure of Beliefs about the structure of

societysociety Interpretations of historyInterpretations of history Visions of the futureVisions of the future Commitment to economic and/or Commitment to economic and/or

social systemsocial system

BeliefsBeliefs OpinionsOpinions ValuesValues TheoriesTheories AttitudesAttitudes AimsAims VisionsVisions DoctrinesDoctrines StandpointsStandpoints PlanPlan

““Themes of Themes of Ideologies”Ideologies”

PoliticalPolitical

EconomicEconomic

SocialSocial

ReligiousReligious

Expressions of Expressions of IdeologiesIdeologies

WritingsWritings SpeechesSpeeches SlogansSlogans SymbolsSymbols PropagandaPropaganda ClothingClothing ArchitectureArchitecture HolidaysHolidays ArtArt

Specific IdeologiesSpecific Ideologies

AnarchismAnarchism CapitalismCapitalism DemocracyDemocracy CommunismCommunism FeminismFeminism FascismFascism NationalismNationalism EnvironmentalismEnvironmentalism

Feudalism: Feudalism: You have two cows. Your lord takes some of the milk. You have two cows. Your lord takes some of the milk.

Pure Socialism: Pure Socialism: You have two cows. The government takes them and puts them in a You have two cows. The government takes them and puts them in a barn with everyone else's cows. You have to take care of all the barn with everyone else's cows. You have to take care of all the cows. The government gives you a glass of milk. cows. The government gives you a glass of milk.

Bureaucratic Socialism: Bureaucratic Socialism: Your cows are cared for by ex-chicken farmers. You have to take Your cows are cared for by ex-chicken farmers. You have to take care of the chickens the government took from the chicken farmers. care of the chickens the government took from the chicken farmers. The government gives you as much milk and eggs the regulations The government gives you as much milk and eggs the regulations say you should need. say you should need.

Fascism: Fascism: You have two cows. The government takes both, hires you to take You have two cows. The government takes both, hires you to take care of them, and sells you the milk. care of them, and sells you the milk.

Pure Communism: Pure Communism: You share two cows with your neighbors. You and your neighbors You share two cows with your neighbors. You and your neighbors bicker about who has the most "ability" and who has the most bicker about who has the most "ability" and who has the most "need." Meanwhile, no one works, no one gets any milk, and the "need." Meanwhile, no one works, no one gets any milk, and the cows drop dead of starvation. cows drop dead of starvation.

Russian Communism: Russian Communism: You have two cows. You have to take care of them, but the You have two cows. You have to take care of them, but the government takes all the milk. You steal back as much milk as you government takes all the milk. You steal back as much milk as you can and sell it on the black market. can and sell it on the black market.

Perestroika: Perestroika: You have two cows. You have to take care of them, but the Mafia You have two cows. You have to take care of them, but the Mafia takes all the milk. You steal back as much milk as you can and sell it takes all the milk. You steal back as much milk as you can and sell it on the "free" market. on the "free" market.

Cambodian Communism: Cambodian Communism: You have two cows. The government takes both and shoots you. You have two cows. The government takes both and shoots you.

Dictatorship: Dictatorship: You have two cows. The government takes both and drafts You have two cows. The government takes both and drafts you. you.

Pure Democracy: Pure Democracy: You have two cows. Your neighbors decide who gets the milk. You have two cows. Your neighbors decide who gets the milk.

Representative Democracy: Representative Democracy: You have two cows. Your neighbors pick someone to tell you You have two cows. Your neighbors pick someone to tell you who gets the milk. who gets the milk.

Bureaucracy: Bureaucracy: You have two cows. At first the government regulates what You have two cows. At first the government regulates what you can feed them and when you can milk them. Then it pays you can feed them and when you can milk them. Then it pays you not to milk them. Then it takes both, shoots one, milks you not to milk them. Then it takes both, shoots one, milks the other and pours the milk down the drain. Then it requires the other and pours the milk down the drain. Then it requires you to fill out forms accounting for the missing cows. you to fill out forms accounting for the missing cows.

Capitalism: Capitalism: You don't have any cows. The bank will not lend you money to You don't have any cows. The bank will not lend you money to buy cows, because you don't have any cows to put up as buy cows, because you don't have any cows to put up as collateral. collateral.

Pure Anarchy: Pure Anarchy: You have two cows. Either you sell the milk at a fair price or You have two cows. Either you sell the milk at a fair price or your neighbors try to take the cows and kill you. your neighbors try to take the cows and kill you.

Anarcho-Capitalism: Anarcho-Capitalism: You have two cows. You sell one and buy a bull. You have two cows. You sell one and buy a bull.

Surrealism: Surrealism: You have two giraffes. The government requires you to take You have two giraffes. The government requires you to take harmonica lessons. harmonica lessons.

Expressions of Expressions of democracydemocracy

Statue of Liberty, Lincoln Statue of Liberty, Lincoln MemorialMemorial

Expressions of Expressions of capitalism capitalism

World Trade Center, Empire State World Trade Center, Empire State BuildingBuilding

NAZI ArchitectureNAZI Architecture

Architecture was Hitler's favorite art form. He viewed Architecture was Hitler's favorite art form. He viewed himself as the "master builder of the Third Reich." Among himself as the "master builder of the Third Reich." Among the surviving examples of Nazi architecture is the Olympic the surviving examples of Nazi architecture is the Olympic stadium complex in Berlin. stadium complex in Berlin.

The Olympic games had been scheduled before Hitler The Olympic games had been scheduled before Hitler came to power in 1933. He saw this event as a unique came to power in 1933. He saw this event as a unique opportunity to play host to the world and to show opportunity to play host to the world and to show Germany as a force to be reckoned with. He wanted Germany as a force to be reckoned with. He wanted Germany to be portrayed in the best possible light and Germany to be portrayed in the best possible light and removed all antisemitic slogans that had defaced the walls removed all antisemitic slogans that had defaced the walls of public buildings. The stadium was built as a huge of public buildings. The stadium was built as a huge assembly place for hundreds of thousands of people to assembly place for hundreds of thousands of people to celebrate Nazi rituals. The art that accompanied this celebrate Nazi rituals. The art that accompanied this colossal building was no less magnificent. colossal building was no less magnificent.