unit 1 tissues, organs, and systems of living things

21
UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Upload: albert-fox

Post on 22-Dec-2015

230 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

UNIT 1Tissues, Organs,

and Systems of Living Things

Page 2: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Activity 2-1 Observing Plant Growth

What happened to the seeds when they were soaked in water?

What did you observe inside the “split open” seed?

What will happen to the seed as it continues to grow?

(Page 55)

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Page 3: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

2.1 Plant Cells, Tissues, and Organs

Cell Specialization – the process by which cells develop from similar cells into cells that have specific functions within a multicellular organism

• Cells specialize as a result of producing different proteins.

• Different genes code for different proteins.

Cell Differentiation – a stage of development of a living organism during which specialized cells form.

http://genomics.energy.gov

(Page 57)

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Page 4: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Specialized Cells and Tissues in Plants

Tissue – a cluster of similar cells that share the same specialized structure and function

Organ – a combination of several types of tissue working together to perform a specific function

Meristematic Cell – an unspecialized plant cell that gives rise to a specific specialized cell

(Page 58)

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Page 5: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Specialized Cells and Tissues in Plants(Page 58)

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Page 6: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Click the “Start” button to review plant tissue and cell types.

Specialized Cells and Tissues in Plants(Page 58-59)

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Page 7: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Repair , Replacement , and Growth

The plant grows upward, “getting taller.”

The plant grows outward or “thickens.”

“Buds” and “Type of Growth”

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

(Page 59)

The chemical Auxin prevents lateral buds from growing by silencing gene expression

Page 8: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Parts of a Leaf

(Pages 60-62)

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Page 9: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Transpiration

Transpiration – the evaporation of water from the leaves through the stomata

(Page 61)

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Page 10: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts – the organelles within plant cells that use the Sun’s energy to chemically convert carbon into glucose (called photosynthesis)

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

(Page 63)

Page 11: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Photosynthesis Review

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Page 12: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Plant Organs 1 – Leaf 2 – Stems

A plant’s stem has two main functions: 1. physical support2. transportation of sap

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

(Page 64)

Page 13: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

3 – Roots

A plant’s root has three main functions: 1. to anchor the plant in the ground2. to take up water and minerals from the soil3. to store energy and nutrient supplies for later use

Types of Roots

Tap Root Fibrous RootCopyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

(Page 65)

Page 14: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Stems and Roots

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

(Pages 64-65)

Page 15: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

4 – Flowers

The main function of a plant’s flowers is reproductive. Flowers:

• produce sperm and eggs for sexual reproduction

• attract insects and other animals for pollination

• produce seeds and sometimes fruit after pollination

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

(Page 68)

Page 16: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Plants Under Attack: “Diseases of Plants”

Brown Rust Galls

Magnified Rust Spores

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

(Page 66-67)

Page 17: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Moving Water Through the Systems

“The push from below” – Water enters the root by osmosis and moves toward the centre of the root into the xylem vessels. The pericycle prevents the water from moving backward. Root pressure builds up in the xylem and pushes water “up”.

Tiny root hairs increase the surface area of the root.

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

(Pages 72-74)

Page 18: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Moving Water Through the Systems

“The pull from above” – While the roots push the water column from below, the leaves pull from above. Transpiration aids in this process.

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

(Pages 72-74)

Unique Properties of Water:

1) Cohesion – the ability of water molecules to cling to each other

2) Adhesion – ability of water to stick to other surfaces (e.g. wall of xylem vessel)

Page 19: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Moving Water Through the Systems

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

(Pages 72-74)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CT4pURpXkbY

Page 20: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

The Movement of Maple Sap

In the spring, sucrose from the roots flows “upward” to help produce leaf buds. In the summer and fall, the leaves produce glucose that moves “downward” to be stored in the roots.

Glucose

Sucrose

Starch

Glucose

Sucrose

Starch

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

(Page 75)

Page 21: UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Transport of Sucrose (sugar) Through a Plant

Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-b6dvKgWBVY