Unit 1: Warm Up Unit 1: Warm Up #5 #5

1)1) Find the volume of a block with Find the volume of a block with a width = 2.034 cm, height = 3.16 a width = 2.034 cm, height = 3.16 cm, and length = 4.0 cm.cm, and length = 4.0 cm.

2)2) If the block has a mass of 17.0g, If the block has a mass of 17.0g, what is the density of the block?what is the density of the block?

The Scientific Method, SI The Scientific Method, SI Units, and MATTERUnits, and MATTER

The 4 basic steps of theThe 4 basic steps of theScientific MethodScientific Method

Question (formulate Question (formulate hypothesis)hypothesis)

TestTest Analyze (models)Analyze (models) Conclude (publish)Conclude (publish)

? China ? China Project ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Project ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

The Questions:The Questions:1)1) When did North-Eastern Tibet develop as When did North-Eastern Tibet develop as

an elevated portion of the Tibetan plateau?an elevated portion of the Tibetan plateau?2)2) What physical processes were responsible What physical processes were responsible

for this growth?for this growth?3)3) What changes in climate occurred at that What changes in climate occurred at that

time?time?4)4) Were regional climate changes casually Were regional climate changes casually

related to plateau growth?related to plateau growth?

Schools on the ProjectSchools on the Project

Colorado (lead)Colorado (lead) Cal Tech Cal Tech Penn StatePenn State UCSBUCSB U. RochesterU. Rochester U. WashingtonU. Washington U. MichiganU. Michigan

Why so many schools on Why so many schools on the same project???the same project???

To keep the data unbiased To keep the data unbiased Peter Molnar thinks:

The growth of Tibetan Plateau is from mantle decoupling/ delaminating.

Marin Clark thinks:

The growth of Tibetan Plateau is from lower crustal flow.

DataData

Collecting Rock Collecting Rock Samples Samples radiometric datingradiometric dating

Mapping Rock Units Mapping Rock Units Cross Sections Cross Sections

Collecting fault Collecting fault gauge gauge radiometric radiometric dating dating

Analysis….Analysis….Rock Crushing!!!Rock Crushing!!! Apatite Apatite

http://www.geosci.unc.edu/research/tour/TourOL.html

Absolute Age Absolute Age

Hypothesis vs. TheoryHypothesis vs. Theory

hypothesishypothesis a suggested explanation for a suggested explanation for an observation an observation

theory theory an explanation based on many an explanation based on many observations during repeated experimentsobservations during repeated experiments is consistent with observationis consistent with observation allows predictions to be madeallows predictions to be made simplest explanation of observationssimplest explanation of observations may be modified with the discovery of new datamay be modified with the discovery of new data

SystSystèème International me International d’Unitd’Unitééss

• Abbreviated Abbreviated SI SI unitsunits

• aka Metric systemaka Metric system• Uses 10 as the base Uses 10 as the base

unitunit

What is the SI unit for….What is the SI unit for….

length length mass mass weight weight area area volume volume time time temperature temperature

meter (m)meter (m)

kilogramkilogram(kg)(kg)

Newton (N)Newton (N)

mm22

mm33

seconds (s)seconds (s)

Kelvin (K)Kelvin (K)

The Three basic metric units:The Three basic metric units:

meters (m) meters (m) ≅≅ length length grams (g) grams (g) ≅≅ mass mass

(how much “stuff” is inside)(how much “stuff” is inside)

liters (L) liters (L) ≅≅ volume volume (space; can also be cm(space; can also be cm33 or m or m33))

Use Prefixes to make the Use Prefixes to make the Units bigger or smaller: Units bigger or smaller: kilo kilo ≅≅ 1000x bigger 1000x bigger centi- centi- ≅≅ 1 hundredth as big 1 hundredth as big milli- milli- ≅≅ 1 thousandth as big 1 thousandth as big micro- micro- ≅≅ 1 millionth as big, or 10 1 millionth as big, or 1066 um = 1 m um = 1 m nano- nano- ≅≅ 1 billionth as big, or 10 1 billionth as big, or 1099 nm = 1 m nm = 1 m

Two Very Important Two Very Important Facts!Facts!

1. *** 1 mL 1. *** 1 mL ≅≅ 1 cm 1 cm3 3 ****** 2. ***For water ONLY***2. ***For water ONLY***

1 ml water 1 ml water ≅≅ 1 gram water 1 gram water The Density of Water = 1gram/1mLThe Density of Water = 1gram/1mL

I. Matter - anything that takes up space

A. Mass - the amount of matter an object contains.

B. Weight - the gravitational pull on an object. F = (mass) (acceleration)W = (mass) (gravity)g= -9.8 m/s2

Introduction to Matter

Is his mass the same?

Is his weight the same?

Types of matter, an Types of matter, an overview:overview:

QuestionQuestion

Matter includes all of the following Matter includes all of the following EXCEPT:EXCEPT:

a.a. airair

b.b. lightlight

c.c. smokesmoke

d.d. water vaporwater vapor

II. Classification of Matter

A. Mixtures - several different types ofseveral different types of particles mixed togetherparticles mixed together

- They can be broken down by - They can be broken down by physical changesphysical changes

Homogenous- the same throughout (sugar in water, air, solutions…)

Heterogenous- not the same throughout (granite, salad dressing, pizza…)

II. Classification of Matter (cont.)

B. Pure Substances-• not a mixture• made of just one kind of particle Ex: Salt, NaCl, Sugar, C12H22O11, water, H2O• these particles are the same ANYWHERE in the world• Can’t be broken down by physical changes• can be broken down by chemical change Ex: electrolysis of salt; hydrolysis of water

III. Compounds, Elements & Atoms

A. Compound- a pure substance made of 2 or more elements

B. Element- a pure substance made up of only one type of atom.

C. Atom- smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. (cut aluminum in half, again, and again, and again, and…)