Unit 11 Part 1-Spanish American War

1

CH 14-1 Imperialism & War Name____________________ Imperialism & Expansion

1-New Markets 2-Anglo-Saxonism 3-Modern Navy 4-Into the Pacific

Reasons why the United States becomes an imperialist nation.

2

New Markets

• Saw weaker nations as sources of raw materials

• Wanted to invest in capital in these nations

• Began creating protectorates and colonies

• Wanted new markets to sell goods

Anglo-Saxonism

• Belief that English speaking people had superior character, ideas, and governments

• Influenced by Manifest Destiny & Social Darwinism

• The nation was to continue expanding and spread civilization to others

• Missionaries helped to spread this overseas

3

Modern Navy

• A better navy was needed to not get shut out of foreign markets

• Alfred T Mahan wrote that successful nations had a large navy to defend trade

• Congress authorized building a large, modern navy to compete in world

Into the Pacific

• 1853, Matthew C Perry leads fleet to Japan to open trade

• Treaty of Kanagawa giving US trading rights

• Need of refueling stations in the Pacific

• 1899, Samoa is divided between US and Germany

• 1891, Hawaiian queen is overthrown and we annex the islands

4

CH 14-2 Imperialism & War Name_________________ Spanish American War-A A

: Lo

cate

Cu

ba,

th

e P

hili

pp

ines

, an

d G

uam

on

th

e m

ap.

Cir

cle

each

.

B: W

hat

hap

pen

ed in

Cu

ba

in 1

86

8, a

nd

wh

y d

id it

fai

l.?

C: D

escr

ibe

the

rela

tio

nsh

ip b

etw

een

Cu

ba

and

th

e U

nit

ed

Stat

es b

y th

e 1

89

0s.

D: W

hat

occ

urr

ed in

18

95

an

d w

hat

was

th

e o

utc

om

e?

E: W

hat

was

th

e U

S st

ance

to

war

ds

the

reb

ellio

n in

Cu

ba?

F: W

hat

is ‘y

ello

w jo

urn

alis

m’?

G: W

hic

h n

ewsp

aper

s en

gage

d in

th

is?

5

Call for War

•

•

•

•

War-Philippines

•

•

•

•

War-Cuba

•

•

•

•

War-A Splendid Little War

•

•

•

•

Call for War

• Yellow journalism contributed to anti-Spanish feelings

• Pres McKinley faced jingoism in his party

• Feb 15, 1898, the USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor

• Blaming Spain, McKinley asked Congress for a declaration of war

War-Philippines

• The war is fought on two fronts, Philippines and Cuba

• Commodore Dewey sails navy to Manila Bay on May 1, 1898

• Quickly destroys Spanish fleet and moves in to occupy islands

• US reinforcements on way seize Guam

6

War-Cuba

• Both Spanish & US armies are ill prepared for war

• Spanish fleet made up of old warships and untrained

• US army recruited volunteers but couldn’t properly train or equip

• During war, more US troops die of food poisoning that bullets

War-A Splendid Little War

• T Roosevelt helped lead group of volunteers called ‘Rough Riders’

• July 1, US troops attack Spanish at Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill

• Spanish fleet flees harbor and face US ships on July 3

• Every Spanish vessel was destroyed and Spanish surrender

7

CH 14-2 Imperialism & War Name_________________ Spanish American War-B

Annexation Debate

•

•

•

•

Annexation Debate

•

•

•

•

Puerto Rico

•

•

•

•

Philippines

•

•

•

•

Platt Amendment

*

*

*

*

8

Annexation Debate

• At end of war, Cuba was to be independent

• Spain agreed US can annex Guam and Puerto Rico

• Debate raged, should US now occupy lands and rule over people without their consent?

• One side noted the market and ports the US would gain

Annexation Debate

• They also said it was our duty to help less civilized people

• Anti-imperialists argued it was not consistent for the US to rule over others

• Labor leaders argued it would drive down American wages

• Mark Twain and Jane Addams both said it violated US traditions and principles

9

Platt Amendment

• Conditions were attached to Cuban independence

• Restricted ability for Cuba to make treaties with other nations

• Forced to allow the US to buy or lease naval station in Cuba

• US can intervene to protect Cuban independence and keep order

10

Puerto Rico

• Treaty of Paris, 1899, between US and Spain…

• Stated that Guam and Philippines would be under US control

• US President would appoint their governor and executive council

• Today, Puerto Rico continues to be a self governing commonwealth of the US

The Philippines

• We paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines

• In 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo begins to lead a revolt against US troops

• 1901 Aguinaldo is captured and in 1902 US declares war over

• Steadily gained more autonomy, given independence in 1946

11

CH 14-3 Imperialism Name_____________________ Imperialism, Isolationism, & Diplomacy-A

1-Open Door Policy 2-Boxer Rebellion 3-Russo-Japanese War 4-Panama Canal

Efforts at American Diplomacy After Spanish American War

12

Open Door

• China seen as extremely weak in late 1800s

• European powers demanded economic spheres of influence in China

• US wants in and suggests an Open Door Policy for all nations

• American companies were allowed to continue trade in China

Boxer Rebellion

• Chinese nationalist organizations began to meet

• In 1900, the ‘Boxers’ attacked ‘foreign devils’ and Chinese Christian converts

• Embassies were attacked, killing 200 including missionaries

• A multi-national force was sent in to rescue foreigners and end the rebellion

13

Russo-Japanese War

• In 1904, Russia and Japan went to war

• T Roosevelt brokered the peace deal to end war in 1905

• Russia had to agree to Japan’s increased territories

• In years after, US and Japan worked closely to maintain peace in region

Panama Canal

• US wanted a waterway that connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

• Columbia owned the area now known as Panama and did not want to negotiate

• The US encouraged a Panamanian revolt against Columbia

• Panama won, and within days we sign treaty to build canal

14

CH 14-3 Imperialism Name_____________________ Imperialism, Isolationism, & Diplomacy-B

TR: Big Stick Diplomacy

•

•

Taft: Dollar Diplomacy

•

•

Wilson: Moral Diplomacy

•

•

15

Roosevelt Corollary

•

•

•

•

Dollar Diplomacy

•

•

•

•

Mexican Revolution

•

•

•

•

US Troops in Mexico

•

•

•

•

TR

• “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

• Reliance on military might to pressure international affairs

Taft

• Belief that peace comes from economic development

• Support industry and lift out of poverty and disorder

16

Wilson

• Opposed to imperialism and believed democracy led to stability

• Wanted US to promote democracy and create a world free of revolution and war

17

Roosevelt Corollary

• An addition to the Monroe Doctrine

• Stated that US would intervene in Latin American affairs

• This would be to maintain stability in Western Hemisphere

• Wanted to prevent European powers from intervening in region

Dollar Diplomacy

• Allow for easy investment and loans in Latin America

• Replace loans from European banks with American ones

• American bankers supported Nicaragua’s government

• US troops remained there until 1933

18

Mexican Revolution

• Porfirio Diaz ruled Mexico as a dictator for 30 years

• Allowed foreign businesses to own railroads and factories

• 1910, revolution breaks out and Francisco Madero is new leader

• 1913, landowners plotted, Madero was murdered, and Gen Victoriano Huerta seizes power

US Troops in Mexico

• Wilson orders Navy to Veracruz and seizes city to stop arms

• Venustiano Carranza is then put in as Mexico’s president

• Guerrilla raids into US led by Pancho Villa start, 17 killed in New Mexico

• Wilson sends Gen John J Pershing and troops into Mexico to capture Villa, but no success

19