unit 12: adjectives and adverbs
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Unit 12: Adjectives and Adverbs. ADJECTIVES. Adjectives. Describes a person, place, thing, or idea Describes only NOUNS and PRONOUNS Gives information about: size, shape, color, texture, feeling, sound, smell, number, or condition of a noun or pronoun. Questions that Adjectives Answer. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Unit 12: Adjectives and Adverbs
ADJECTIVES
Describes a person, place, thing, or idea Describes only NOUNS and PRONOUNS Gives information about: size, shape, color,
texture, feeling, sound, smell, number, or condition of a noun or pronoun
Adjectives
What kind of?Which?How many?
Questions that Adjectives Answer
"The tall girl is riding a new bike." Tall tells us which girl we're talking about. New tells us what kind of bike we're talking about.
"The tough professor gave us the final exam." Tough tells us what kind of professor we're talking about. Final tells us which exam we're talking about.
"Fifteen students passed the midterm exam; twelve students passed the final exam." Fifteen and twelve both tell us how many students; midterm and final both tell us which exam.
Examples:
Turn to page 458 Exercise 1 ODD ONLY Exercise 2 ALL
FIND THOSE ADJECTIVES!
Adjectives can be anywhere. Christina’s World is a haunting painting. Adjective to noun painting
Predicate Adjectives
Remember those linking verbs??? If an adjective follows a linking verb it is called a
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE
Christina’s World is inspired.
Add that to the Predicate
A AN THE = Articles
A and AN are indefinite articles because they refer to general people, places, things, ideas
Use A before a noun that begins with a consonant
Use AN before a noun that begins with a vowel sound.
Sounds are not spellings: an hour
Articles and Proper Adjectives
THE is a definite article because it refers to specific people, places, things, or ideas
PROPER ADJECTIVES Formed from proper nouns. A proper
adjective always begins with a capital letter.
The Italian statue is on exhibit in Houston museum.
Articles and Proper Adjectives
-an MexicoMexican
MoroccoMoroccan
AlaskaAlaskan
-ese ChinaChinese
BaliBalinese
SudanSudanese
-ian CanadaCanadian
ItalyItalian
AsiaAsian
-ish SpainSpanish
IrelandIrish
TurkeyTurkish
Proper Adjectives Endings
Turn to page 460
Exercise 3 EVEN Exercise 4 EVEN
Forming Proper Adjectives
Comparative: compares two things Superlative: compares more than two
things
For most adjectives with one and some two syllable words, -er and –est are added.
Comparative: She is younger than the other.
Superlative: She is the youngest here.
Comparative and Superlative
For words with two or more syllables: Add more or most
The one next to it is more colorful. The painting is the most colorful in the
group.
NEVER use more or most with words ending in –er or –est.
Comparative and Superlative
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVEGOOD, WELL BETTER BEST
BAD WORSE WORST
MANY, MUCH MORE MOST
LITTLE LESS LEAST
Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms
Turn to page 462
Independently: exercise 5 all
With partner: exercise 6 all
Your TURN:
THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE
They demonstrate or point out people, places, or things.
THIS and THAT Singular
THESE and THOSE Plural
Demonstratives
Point out something and describe nouns by answering the questions which one? or which ones?
This that these those can also be demonstrative pronouns.
Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative Pronouns
This painting is my favorite.
This is my favorite painting.
I like these kinds of paintings.
These are the paintings I like.
That portrait is well known.
That was the first stage.
He draws those sorts of pictures
Those are from his Cubist phase.
NEVER use HERE or THERE with demonstrative pronouns.
This here painting is very expensive.
NEVER use THEM instead of THOSE
I saw those pictures. (not them pictures)
NEVER
PAGE 464
With partner, complete exercise 7 all
Individually, complete exercise 8 odd
Your TURN
ADVERBS
An adverb is a word that modifies, or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
ADVERBS
What Adverbs Modify
Verbs People handle old violins carefully.
Adjectives
Very old violins are valuable.
Adverbs Some violins are played extremely rarely.
How?◦ Many pianist play well with a large orchestra.
When?◦ Pianists sometimes play duets.
Where?◦ Some pianists play everywhere in the country.
Questions Adverbs Ask
Called INTENSIFIERS
VERY, QUITE, ALMOST, RARELY, TOO, NEVER...
If an adverb tells: to what extent?
IF an adverb modifies an adjective or adverb, it will come before it.
IF modifying a verb, the adverb can be different places.
PLACEMENT
Many adverbs end in -ly. Not all adverbs end in –ly.
What is the ending?
Afterward
Often There Hard
Sometimes
Soon Everywhere
Long
Later Here Fast Straight
Page 466
Exercise 9 all: independently
Exercise 10 with partner: odd
Your Turn
Comparative form of adverbs compare two actions
Superlative form of adverbs compare more than two actions
Comparative and Superlative ADVERBS
comparative
The audience listened more attentively last night than tonight.
superlative Last Sunday’s audience responded most enthusiastically of all.
comparative
Did the pianist play louder than the cellist?
superlative Did the drummer play the loudest of all?
ADVERB COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
WELL BETTER BESTBADLY WORSE WORSTLITTLE (AMOUNT)
LESS LEAST
Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms
Sometimes, less and least are used before short and long adverbs to form the negative I play less well. I play least accurately.
Exercise 11 even only with partner
Exercise 12 even only with partner
Turn to page 468
These two get confused when they follow a verb.
WHAT TO DO? Is the verb ACTION or LINKING?
If the verb is linking, the word is a Predicate adjective.
The musicians are professional. The musicians behaved professionally.
Using Adverbs and Adjectives
Bad or badly? Good or well?
Bad and Good are both adjectives used after linking verbs.
Badly is an adverb used after an action verb.
Well can be either.
USAGE? Which word???
If used to describe an adjective or adverb, the word WELL is an adverb.
If used after a linking verb to describe person’s health or appearance, the word WELL is an adjective.
WELL, GOOD, BAD
ADJECTIVE ADVERBThe sound is bad. The actor sang badly.The band sounds good. The band played well.The soloist seems well.
I feel bad. (sick)I am well. (healthy)
The dog smells well. (with his nose)
I acted badly.
REAL, SURE, AND MOST Adjectives
Really, Surely, Almost Adverbs
REAL, REALLY, SURE, SURELY, MOST, ALMOST
Adjective AdverbMusic is a real art. Music is really popular.A pianist needs sure hands. Piano music is surely popularMost pianos have 88 keys. Piano strings almost never break.
Exercise 13, all independently
Exercise 14, partner even
Turn to page 470
The adverb NOT is a negative word, expressing the idea of “no.”
Often appears as part of a contraction.
Double Negatives?
Is not = isn’t Cannot = can’t
Have not = haven’t
Was not = wasn’t
Could not = couldn’t
Had not = hadn’t
Were not = weren’t
Do not = don’t Would not= wouldn’t
Will not = won’t Did not = didn’t Should not = shouldn’t
NEGATIVE AFFIRMATIVEnever Ever, alwaysnobody Anybody, somebodynone One, all, some, anyNo one Everyone, someone,
anyonenothing Something, anythingNowhere Somewhere,
anywhere
Negative and Affirmative
Using two negative words in the same sentence is called a double negative.
Incorrect: The clarinet isn’t no new instrument.
Correct: The clarinet isn’t a new instrument. The clarinet is no new instrument.
Negative and Affirmative
Exercise 15, independently, odd
Exercise 16, partner, odd
Turn to page 472