unit 12: introduction to plants. objectives ● i can describe 3 adaptations plants have made to...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 12: Introduction to Plants
Objectives
● I can describe 3 adaptations plants have made to live on land
● I can describe the advantages of 3 different plant tissues
● I can distinguish between vascular and nonvascular plants
● I can describe the 4 types of plants from simple to complex
● I can describe the 6 differences between monocots and dicots
Adaptations of Plants on Land
• #1 Absorbing Nutrients – To survive on land, plants evolved the ability to absorb mineral nutrients from the soil.
Nodules full of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on the roots of a soy bean plant
Adaptations of Plants on Land
• #2 Preventing Water Loss – to survive on land, plants evolved a waxy outer covering called a cuticle and stomata for gas exchange.
Cuticle and Stoma Sketches
Cuticle Cross SectionStoma
Adaptations of Plants on Land
• #3 Reproducing on Land – To survive on land, plants use pollen to reproduce without water.
Pollen on an ant
Adaptations of Plant Tissues
• #1 Advantages of Conducting Tissues – Vascular plants have a system of well-developed tissues that transport water in a plant.
Adaptations of Plant Tissues
• #2 Advantages of seeds – Seeds protect and nourish a plants embryo
Adaptations of Plant Tissues
• #3 Advantages of Flowers – Flowers make reproduction more efficient by promoting pollination.
Kinds of Plants
• Nonvascular Plants– Small– Lack vascular tissue (A transport system)– Examples = moss, liverworts and hornworts
simple complex
This moss is used to determine levels of
pollutants
Liverworts in central Texas
It’s easy to see how “Hornworts got their names!
Kinds of Plants
• Seedless Vascular Plants– Produce spores with thickened walls to prevent
them from drying out.– Include ferns, club mosses, horse tails
simple complex
Spores on the underside of fern leaves. Horse tails
Club mosses in Canada
Kinds of Plants
• Gymnosperms– Seed plants that produce cones instead of fruit– Include conifers, cycads and ginkgoes
simple complex
Cone of a pine treeThe unique fan-like leaves of the ginkgo treeAn old pine tree in
California
Kinds of Plants
• Angiosperms– Seed plants that produce fruit and flowers.– Divided into 2 main groups (Monocots & Dicots)
simple complex
Sunflowers in a field
Yep, grass flowers too
A large Sugar Maple Tree
Monocots and Dicots
HOW DO THEY GET THEIR NAMES?
Monocots and Dicots
▪ This refers to the number of cotyledons.▪ Cotyledons are the “seed leaves” produced by
the embryo.▪ The cotyledon
stores nutrients
for the plant
Monocots Vs DicotsFloral Parts in 3’s Floral Parts in 4’s or 5’s
Monocots Vs DicotsParallel leaf veins Net-like leaf veins
Monocots Vs DicotsFibrous root system Taproot System
Monocots Vs DicotsVascular Tissue Scattered Vascular tissue in rings
Monocots Vs DicotsSeeds in 1 piece1 Cotyledon (first leaf)
Seeds in 2 pieces2 Cotyledons (first leaves)
Monocots Verses DicotsFloral Parts in 3’s Floral Parts in 4’s or 5’s
Parallel leaf veins Net-like leaf veins
Fibrous root system Taproot System
Vascular Tissue Scattered Vascular tissue in rings
Seeds in 1 piece1 Cotyledon (first leaf)
Seeds in 2 halves2 Cotyledons (first leaves)
Includes: grass, lilies, orchids, and palm trees.
Includes: Roses, oaks, sunflowers and most non-conifer trees.
Name that Angiosperm!!
Monocot!
Name that Angiosperm!!
Dicot!
Name that Angiosperm!!
Monocot!
Name that Angiosperm!!
Dicot!
Name that Angiosperm!!
Monocot!
Name that Angiosperm!!
Dicot!
Plants in our lives• Fruits and vegetables• Crops – corn, wheat, rice• Trees - lumber• Medicine – asprin, cancer drugs• Fibers – cotton, rayon