Unit 13 Language Study

Word study & Modal Verbs

Yan Dang Mountain

Water can

Ability

What Properties does water have?

turn solid when frozen

dissolve gases and solids

give off gas when heated

What does he/she hope he/she can do?

Ability

She can perform ballet( 芭蕾 ).

He hoped he could fly a plane.

On Oct.15,2003,

he was able to (× could) complete China’s first space flight.

What ability would you like to develop?

I hope I can …

I hope I am able to…

I wish I could…

Ability

Necessity

What do you need to do in order to reach your ability?

I must/should…

I have (got) to …

I need to…

Ability Necessity

I must/should…

I have (got) to …

I need to…

I hope I can …

I hope I am able to…

I wish I could…

Request

PermissionThe road signs indicate People may/can…

Permission

When a driver sees the road signs, he mustn’t/can’t…

When a driver sees the road sign, he must/have (got) to/should…

Necessity

As many as 3000 million people As many as 3000 million people throughout the world could face a water throughout the world could face a water shortage by 2025 if the present situation shortage by 2025 if the present situation continues. By then, the global population is continues. By then, the global population is expected to reach about 7.5 billion. Many expected to reach about 7.5 billion. Many big cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and big cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin, will suffer severe water shortages, …Tianjin, will suffer severe water shortages, …

If it is true, what may or will If it is true, what may or will

happen in the future?happen in the future?

What should people do to solve the What should people do to solve the

problem?problem?

Guessing

A water shortage can/could …

Lack of water may/might…

Possibility

Certainty

If lack of water continues, people will/must/should…

If it is true, what may or If it is true, what may or

will happen in the will happen in the

future?future?

Suggestion

• What should people do to solve the What should people do to solve the

problem?problem?People (We, Scientists,etc.) should/ought to/had better…

Or We can/could/may …

Possibility:Possibility:

Ability:Ability:

Requests:Requests:

Necessity:Necessity:

Certainty:Certainty:

Permission:Permission:

Suggestions:Suggestions:

Advice:Advice:

can / could, may / can / could, may / mightmight

can / could, be able tocan / could, be able tocan / could, will / can / could, will / would, would likewould, would likemust, have to, have must, have to, have got to, needgot to, needmust, will, shouldmust, will, should

can / could, may / can / could, may / mightmight

could, may / might, could, may / might, shallshall

should, ought to, had should, ought to, had betterbetter

SummaryModal Verbs

Model Verbs Examples

Ability

Necessity

Permission

Guessing (possibility /certainty)

Suggestion /Advice

Request

can / could can / could be able tobe able to

He can/could fly a plane.He can/could fly a plane.

must/ have to must/ have to /have got to/need/have got to/need He had to get special training. He had to get special training.

can/could can/could may/might/mustn’tmay/might/mustn’t

We must protect water.We must protect water.

might/may/might/may/could could /should/must /should/must /will/can/will/can

Lack of water in the future may Lack of water in the future may result in several problemsresult in several problems..

could/may / might could/may / might shall/should/ought shall/should/ought to had betterto had better

Could you help me? Could you help me? /Would you like to help /Would you like to help me?me?

We had better use water for We had better use water for more than one purpose.more than one purpose.

can/could/willcan/could/will /would/wouldwould/would like

People can walk this way.People can walk this way.A driver mustn’t drive beyond A driver mustn’t drive beyond the speed limit.the speed limit.

1.One of your best classmates is absent from class, and you care much about his or her absence. (guessing, ability, necessity, suggestion, etc.)

2. Your school carry out a ban on carrying a cell phone in the school campus. You and your classmates argue over this school rule. (permission, necessity, request, suggestion, etc.)

3. In your family, your parents have found the charges(费用 ) for water and electricity are rising these days. You are having a family meeting. (guessing, request, necessity, suggestion,etc.)

Finish grammar exercises on Finish grammar exercises on page 21 and page 98. page 21 and page 98.

HomeworkHomeworkHomeworkHomework

Thank you for your attention!