unit 2 embryology...a. inner ear and nasopharynx b. middle ear and nasopharynx: the opening to the...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit2EmbryologyClinicallyOrientedAnatomy(COA)
TexasTechHealthSciencesCenterCreatedbyJakeSellers,Fall2019
SoluGons
1. E2. D3. B4. B5. C6. D7. B8. D9. B10. E
11. B12. C13. E14. A15. D16. A17. C18. B19. E20. B
21. A22. D23. C24. E25. B
PharyngealApparatus
QuesGon#1:Withrespecttopharyngealarches,whichofthefollowingcanneuralcrestcellsdifferenGateinto?
A.NervesB.BoneC.ArteriesD.AlloftheaboveE.AandB
QuesGon#1:
A. NervesB. BoneC. Arteries:mesodermdifferenGatesinto
musclesandarteriesD. AlloftheaboveE. AandB:neuralcrestcellsdifferenGateinto
nerves,boneandconnecGveGssue
QuesGon#2:Whichofthefollowingembryonicstructuresareobliteratedduringdevelopment?
A.Pharyngealarch3B.Pharyngealarch4C.Pharyngealmembrane1D.Pharyngealarch5E.Pharyngealgroove1
QuesGon#2:
A. Pharyngealarch3B. Pharyngealarch4C. Pharyngealmembrane1D. Pharyngealarch5:Pharyngealarch5,
grooves&membranes2,3,and4areallobliterated
E. Pharyngealgroove1
QuesGon#3:Whichofthefollowingstructuresarederivedfrompharyngealarch1?
A. CricoidcarGlageB. IncusC. StapesD. TympaniccavityE. Epithelialliningofauditorytube
QuesGon#3:
A. CricoidcarGlage:Derivedfrompharyngealarch6
B. Incus:Derivedfrompharyngealarch1C. Stapes:Derivedfrompharyngealarch2D. Tympaniccavity:Derivedfrompharyngeal
membrane1E. Epithelialliningofauditorytube:Derived
frompharyngealpouch1
QuesGon#4:Whichofthefollowingpharyngealarchesistheposteriorbellyofthedigastricmusclederivedfrom?A. Pharyngealarch1B. Pharyngealarch2C. Pharyngealarch3D. Pharyngealarch4E. Pharyngealarch6
QuesGon#4:
A. Pharyngealarch1:MusclesofmasGcaGon,mylohyoid,anteriorbellyofthedigastricmuscle,tensortympani,tensorvelipalaGni
B. Pharyngealarch2:Posteriorbellyofthedigastricmuscle,facialexpressionmuscles,stylohyoid,stapedius
C. Pharyngealarch3:StylopharyngeusD. Pharyngealarch4:Cricothyroid,mostsoa
palatemuscles,mostpharynxmusclesE. Pharyngealarch6:Mostintrinsiclarynxmuscles,
upperesophagealmuscle
QuesGon#5:Whichofthefollowingstructuresarederivedfrompharyngealarch3?
A. StapesB. Upper½hyoidC. Lower½hyoidD. ThyroidcarGlageE. CuniformcarGlage
QuesGon#5:
A. Stapes:Derivedfrompharyngealarch2B. Upper½hyoid:Derivedfrompharyngeal
arch2C. Lower½hyoid:Derivedfrompharyngealarch
3D. ThyroidcarGlage:Derivedfrompharyngeal
arch4E. CuniformcarGlage:Derivedfrompharyngeal
arch6
QuesGon#6:Whichofthefollowingnervesarederivedfrompharyngealarch4?
A. CNVB. CNVIIC. CNIXD. SuperiorlaryngealE. Recurrentlaryngeal
QuesGon#6:
A. CNV:DerivedfromPharyngealarch1B. CNVII:DerivedfromPharyngealarch2C. CNIX:Derivedfrompharyngealarch3D. Superiorlaryngeal:Derivedfrompharyngeal
arch4E. Recurrentlaryngeal:Derivedfrom
pharyngealarch6
QuesGon#7:Whichofthefollowingstructuresarederivedfrompharyngealarch3?
A. CricothyroidmuscleB. StylopharyngeusmuscleC. StylohyoidmuscleD. CricoidcarGlageE. ArytenoidcarGlage
QuesGon#7:
A. Cricothyroidmuscle:Derivedfrompharyngealarch4
B. Stylopharyngeusmuscle:Derivedfrompharyngealarch3
C. Stylohyoidmuscle:Derivedfrompharyngealarch2
D. Cricoidmuscle:Derivedfrompharyngealarch6E. Arytenoidmuscle:Derivedfrompharyngealarch
6
QuesGon#8:Whichofthefollowingstructuresarederivedfrompharyngealarch6?
A. PalaGneB. SuperiorlaryngealnerveC. MostpharynxmusclesD. UpperesophagealmusclesE. Facialnerve
QuesGon#8:
A. PalaGne:Derivedfrompharyngealarch1B. Superiorlaryngealnerve:Derivedfrom
pharyngealarch4C. Mostpharynxmuscles:Derivedfrom
pharyngealarch4D. Upperesophagealmuscles:Derivedfrom
pharyngealarch6E. Facialnerve:Derivedfrompharyngealarch2
QuesGon#9:Whichofthefollowingstructuresarederivedfrompharyngealpouch4?
A. InferiorparathyroidglandB. SuperiorparathyroidglandC. ThymusD. EpithelialliningofthemiddleearE. EpithelialliningofpalaGnetonsilcrypts
QuesGon#9:
A. Inferiorparathyroidgland:Derivedfrompharyngealpouch3
B. Superiorparathyroidgland:Derivedfrompharyngealpouch4
C. Thymus:Derivedfrompharyngealpouch3D. Epithelialliningofthemiddleear:Derived
frompharyngealpouch1E. EpithelialliningofpalaGnetonsilcrypts:
Derivedfrompharyngealpouch2
OralandNeckRegions
QuesGon#10:WhatcondiGonresultswhenthethyroidfailstodetachfromtheforamencecum?
A. FirstArchSyndromeB. PharyngealfistulaC. DiGeorgeSyndromeD. EctopicthyroidE. Thyroglossalductcyst
QuesGon#10:A. FirstArchSyndrome:FirstArchSyndromeresultsfrom
abnormaldevelopmentofpharyngealarch1B. Pharyngealfistula:Pharyngealfistulasresultfromthe
persistenceofpharyngealpouch2andpharyngealgroove2C. DiGeorgeSyndrome:DiGeorgeSyndromeresultsfromthe
failureofpharyngealpouches3&4todevelopcorrectlyD. Ectopicthyroid:AnEctopicthymus,parathyroid,orthyroid
canresultfromabnormalmigraGonE. Thyroglossalductcyst:Whilethethyroidmigratesdownthe
neckduringdevelopment,itremainsaDachedtotheposteriorpartoftongue(foramencecum)bythethyroglossalduct.Typically,thisconnecGonatrophies;however,inrarecasesitpersistsanddevelopsintoathyroglossalductcyst.
QuesGon#11:WhichofthefollowingnervesisresponsibleforspecialtastesensaGonintheposterior1/3ofthetongue?
A. MandibularnerveB. GlossopharyngealnerveC. ChordatympaniD. InternallaryngealnerveE. Olfactorynerve
QuesGon#11:A. Mandibularnerve:ProvidesmotorinnervaGontothe
musclesofmasGcaGonB. Glossopharyngealnerve:Theposterior1/3ofthetongueis
innervatedbytheglossopharyngealnerve(IX)forbothgeneralandspecialtastesensaGons
C. Chordatympani:anterior2/3ofthetongueisinnervatedbythetrigeminalnerve(V3)forgeneralsensaGonandbythefacialnerve(VII)viathechordatympaniforspecialtastesensaGon
D. Internallaryngealnerve:Theupperpartofthelarynx&epigloksareinnervatedbythevagusnerve(X)forgeneralandspecialtastesensaGon,specificallyasinternallaryngealnerveofthesuperiorlaryngealnerve.(SeeMooreFig8.91)
E. Olfactorynerve:Responsibleforsenseofsmell
QuesGon#12:Acle1lipcanresultwhenwhichtwoofthefollowingstructuresfailtofuseduringdevelopment?A. TwoadjacentmaxillaryprominencesB. TwointermaxillarysegmentsC. Intermaxillarysegmentandadjacent
maxillaryprominenceD. PrimarypalateandsecondarypalateE. TwopalaGneshelves
QuesGon#12:
A. TwoadjacentmaxillaryprominencesB. TwointermaxillarysegmentsC. Intermaxillarysegmentandadjacentmaxillary
prominence:Whentheintermaxillarysegmentfailstofusewiththeadjacentmaxillaryprominence,aclealipwilldevelopunilaterallyorbilaterally
D. Primarypalateandsecondarypalate:Ananteriorcleapalateresultswhenthesecondarypalatefailstofusewiththeprimarypalate
E. TwopalaGneshelves:AposteriorcleapalateresultswhenthetwopalaGneshelvesfailtounitealongthepalaGneraphe
QuesGon#13:Aposteriorcle1palatecanresultwhenwhichtwoofthefollowingstructuresfailtofuseduringdevelopment?A. TwoadjacentmaxillaryprominencesB. TwointermaxillarysegmentsC. Intermaxillarysegmentandadjacent
maxillaryprominenceD. PrimarypalateandsecondarypalateE. TwopalaGneshelves
QuesGon#13:
A. TwoadjacentmaxillaryprominencesB. TwointermaxillarysegmentsC. Intermaxillarysegmentandadjacentmaxillary
prominence:Whentheintermaxillarysegmentfailstofusewiththeadjacentmaxillaryprominence,aclealipwilldevelopunilaterallyorbilaterally
D. Primarypalateandsecondarypalate:Ananteriorcleapalateresultswhenthesecondarypalatefailstofusewiththeprimarypalate
E. TwopalaGneshelves:AposteriorcleapalateresultswhenthetwopalaGneshelvesfailtounitealongthepalaGneraphe
QuesGon#14:Achildpresentstotheclinicwithpneumonia.YounoGcethatthechildhasanunderdevelopedchinandsmallears;themotheralsoinformsyouthatthisisthefourthcaseofpneumoniathechildhashadthisyear.WhatotherclinicalcondiGonwouldyouexpecttoaccompanytheonespreviouslymenGonedifyoususpectDiGeorgeSyndrome?A. HypocalcemiaB. HypercalcemiaC. PharyngealfistulaD. EctopicthyroidE. Ectopicparathyroid
QuesGon#14:A. Hypocalcemia:DiGeorgeSyndromeresultsfromthefailureof
pharyngealpouches3&4todevelopcorrectlyproducingaweakenedimmunesystemduetothymusinsufficiencyandhypocalcemiafromthelackofparathyroidhormonewhichnormallyraisescalciumlevels.
B. Hypercalcemia:DiGeorgeSyndromewouldhavetheoppositeeffect
C. Pharyngealfistula:Pharyngealfistulasresultfromthepersistenceofpharyngealpouch2andpharyngealgroove2.WhenthiscombinaGonoccurs,aholewilldevelopintheneck.
D. Ectopicthyroid:AnEctopicthyroidcanresultfromabnormalmigraGon.
E. Ectopicparathyroid:AnEctopicparathyroidcanresultfromabnormalmigraGon.
Ear
QuesGon#15:Whatweekofembryogenesisdoestheinnereardevelop?
A. Week1B. Week2C. Week3D. Week4E. Week5
QuesGon#15:
A. Week1B. Week2C. Week3D. Week4:Theinnereardevelopsinthe4th
weekofembryogenesisarisingfromathickenedectodermallayerknownastheoGcplacodewhichmaturesintotheoGcvesicle
E. Week5
QuesGon#16:Whichofthefollowinggermlayersgivesrisetotheinnerear?
A. EctodermB. MesodermC. EndodermD. ParaxialmesodermE. Lateralplatemesoderm
QuesGon#16:
A. Ectoderm:Theinnereardevelopsinthe4thweekofembryogenesisarisingfromathickenedectodermallayerknownastheoGcplacodewhichmaturesintotheoGcvesicle
B. MesodermC. EndodermD. ParaxialmesodermE. Lateralplatemesoderm
QuesGon#17:Whichofthefollowingembryonicstructuresdothesemicircularducts/canalsderivefrom?
A. CochlearductB. SacculeC. UtricleD. ExternalauditorymeatusE. Auricle
QuesGon#17:
A. CochlearductB. Saccule:thesacculewilldevelopintothe
cochlea(hearing)andthesaccule“proper”C. Utricle:Theutricledevelopsintothe
semicircularducts(equilibrium)andtheutricle“proper”
D. ExternalauditorymeatusE. Auricle
QuesGon#18:Whichofthefollowingstructuresarejoinedbytheauditorytube?
A. InnerearandnasopharynxB. MiddleearandnasopharynxC. ExternalearandnasopharynxD. InnerearandpharynxE. Middleearandpharynx
QuesGon#18:
A. InnerearandnasopharynxB. Middleearandnasopharynx:Theopeningto
theauditorytubeprovidesaconnecGonbetweenthemiddleearandthenasopharynx
C. ExternalearandnasopharynxD. InnerearandpharynxE. Middleearandpharynx
QuesGon#19:Whichofthefollowingstructuresintheearisconnectedtothestapes?
A. MalleusB. TensortympaniC. TympanicmembraneD. RoundwindowE. Ovalwindow
QuesGon#19:
A. Malleus:Connectedtothetympanicmembrane,tensortympani,andincus
B. Tensortympani:ConnectedtothemalleusC. Tympanicmembrane:ConnectedtothemalleusD. Roundwindow:Connectedtosecondary
tympanicmembraneE. Ovalwindow:Thestapesisconnectedtothe
ovalwindowoftheinnerearandtransmitsmechanicalsoundintoliquidvibraGons
Eye
QuesGon#20:ThereGnadevelopsfromneuroectoderminaspecificchronologyofevents.Whichofthefollowingdisplaysthecorrectorderofeventsfrombeginningtoend?
A. OpGcvesicleàopGcsulcusàopGccupB. OpGcsulcusàopGcvesicleàopGccupC. OpGcvesicleàopGcsulcusàopGcstalkD. OpGcsulcusàopGcvesicleàopGcstalkE. OpGcvesicleàopGcstalkàopGccup
QuesGon#20:
A. OpGcvesicleàopGcsulcusàopGccupB. OpGcsulcusàopGcvesicleàopGccup:The
reGnadevelopsfromneuroectoderminachronologyofeventsasfollows:opGcsulcus,opGcvesicle,opGccup
C. OpGcvesicleàopGcsulcusàopGcstalkD. OpGcsulcusàopGcvesicleàopGcstalkE. OpGcvesicleàopGcstalkàopGccup
QuesGon#21:WhichofthefollowingstructuresmatureintothecentralarteryandveinofthereGna?
A. HyaloidVesselsB. OpGcstalkC. OpGccupD. ChoroidfissureE. Choroidallayer
QuesGon#21:
A. Hyaloidvessels:Whenthechoroidfissurecloses,thehyaloidvesselsmatureintothecentralarteryandveinofthereGna
B. OpGcstalk:TheopGcstalkbecomestheopGcnerve(CNII)
C. OpGccup:TheopGccupformsthereGnaandpartoftheiris
D. Choroidfissure:TheopGcstalkhasachoroidfissureinferiorlywiththehyaloidvessels
E. Choroidallayer:Fromanteriortoposterior,theirisiscomposedofthechoroidallayer,outerpigmentlayerofreGna,andtheinnerneurallayerofreGna
QuesGon#22:Thecorneaarisesfromwhichembryonicstructure?
A. SurfaceectodermB. NeuralcrestmesenchymeC. MesodermD. AandBE. BandC
QuesGon#22:
A. Surfaceectoderm:Thelensplacodeisderivedfromsurfaceectoderm
B. Neuralcrestmesenchyme:Theciliarymusclesareformedfromoverlyingneuralcrestmesenchyme
C. Mesoderm:Theextraocularmusclesandthevesselsassociatedwiththeeyearisefrommesoderm
D. AandB:Thecorneaarisesfromsurfaceectodermandneuralcrestmesenchyme
E. BandC
QuesGon#23:Fromanteriortoposterior,theirisiscomposedofwhichlayers?A. OuterlayerofthereGnaàciliarybodyàinner
neurallayerofthereGnaB. CiliarybodyàouterlayerofthereGnaàinner
neurallayerofthereGnaC. ChoroidallayeràouterpigmentlayerofreGna
àinnerneurallayerofthereGnaD. OuterpigmentlayerofreGnaàchoroidallayer
àinnerneurallayerofthereGna
QuesGon#23:
A. OuterlayerofthereGnaàciliarybodyàinnerneurallayerofthereGna
B. CiliarybodyàouterlayerofthereGnaàinnerneurallayerofthereGna
C. ChoroidallayeràouterpigmentlayerofreGnaàinnerneurallayerofthereGna:Fromanteriortoposterior,theirisiscomposedofthechoroidallayer,outerpigmentlayerofreGna,andtheinnerneurallayerofreGna
D. OuterpigmentlayerofreGnaàchoroidallayeràinnerneurallayerofthereGna
QuesGon#24:Whichofthefollowingstructuresoftheeyearederivedfromneuralcrestcells?
A. LensplacodeB. CorneaC. CiliarybodyD. ExtraocularvesselsE. Choroidlayers
QuesGon#24:
A. Lensplacode:Thelensplacodeisderivedfromsurfaceectoderm
B. Cornea:Thecorneaarisesfromsurfaceectodermandneuralcrestmesenchyme
C. Ciliarybody:Theciliarybodyoftheirisderivesfromtheouter&innerreGnallayers
D. Extraocularvessels:Theextraocularmusclesandthevesselsassociatedwiththeeyearisefrommesoderm
E. Choroidlayers:Thescleraandchoroidlayersoftheeyedevelopfromneuralcrestcells
QuesGon#25:ColobomaIridisresultswhenwhatstructure(s)failstoclose?
A. CiliaryprocessesB. ChoroidfissureC. ChoroidlayersD. ScleraE. ReGna
QuesGon#25:
A. Ciliaryprocesses:Theciliaryprocessesproduceaqueoushumorthatcirculatesfromtheposteriorchamber(betweenlensandiris)throughthepupilandintotheanteriorchamberoftheeye(betweentheirisandcornea)
B. Choroidfissure:ColobomaIridisresultswhenthechoroidfissurefailstoclose.Althoughthe“notch”mayappearinotherareas,themostcommonplaceistheiris
C. Choroidlayers:ThechoroidlayernourishestheouterlayersofthereGna
D. Sclera:ToughfibrousGssuethatprotectsandmaintainsshapeoftheeye
E. ReGna:Focuseslightintoneuralsignals