UNIT 2 LAST MINUTE.COM

REVISIONNot long now!

CRIME AND DEVIANCE Key questions: 1. What is crime and deviance? 2. Who commits crime and why? 3. Who is the victim of crime and why? 4. Why don’t we commit crime? 5. How much crime takes place? 6. Policies 7. Trends

CRIME AND DEVIANCE

1. What is crime and deviance?

CRIME AND DEVIANCE

2. Who commits crime and why? Age Ethnicity Social class

CRIME AND DEVIANCE 2. Who commits crime and why? Labelling Locality Subculture (Albert Cohen and Paul Willis) Lots of opportunity (Williams) Material deprivation Lack of parental control (New Right) Inadequate socialisation (New Right and functionalists) Lack of role models

CRIME AND DEVIANCE

Who is the victim of crime and why? Victimisation surveys (British Crime Survey) and Walklate (2007)

Males

Youth

Minority ethnic minorities

Lower social class

CRIME AND DEVIANCE

4. Why don’t we commit crime? - Socialisation

- Bonds of attachment

- Lack of opportunity

- Social control

- Fear of punishment

- We do, we just don’t get caught!

CRIME AND DEVIANCE

How much crime takes place? - Self report studies – more than is recorded by the police and reported to them

- 2006/7 over million crimes committed by 11.3 BCS

- 2006/7 5.4 million recorded by police

CRIME AND DEVIANCE Policies

Restorative justice CCTV cameras ASBO

MASS MEDIA Key questions: 1. How much does the media influence us?

2. What is the difference between new media and mass media?

3. How has audience usage changed?

4. What is the role of the mass media in the socialisation process?

5. Why is media ownership an issue?

6. What is the pluralist approach?

7. What is the conflict approach?

8. How are news stories selected?

9. How are different groups represented and why?

10. How does the media affect deviancy amplification?

MASS MEDIA 1. How much does the media influence us?

- hypodermic syringe model and video nasties (PASSIVE AUDIENCE) - uses and gratifications model (ACTIVE AUDIENCE) - two step flow (PASSIVE AUDIENCE) - decoding (ACTIVE AUDIENCE)

MASS MEDIA 2. What is the difference between new media and mass media?

Mass media

New and digital media

MASS MEDIA 3. How has audience usage changed?

- new and digital media

- portability

- choice

- control

- pluralism

- dangers to children?

MASS MEDIA 4. What is the role of the mass media in the socialisation process?

- advertising – “I want that mummy!” – Marxists - political - functionalists – value consensus and social solidarity - secondary – less important

MASS MEDIA 5. Why is media ownership an issue?

- monopoly – News Corp (Murdoch) - hegemony – Marxism - Lack of pluralism

MASS MEDIA 6. What is the pluralist approach?

- choice - audience determines media

MASS MEDIA 7. What is the conflict approach?

- media control (Marxists and feminists)

- working class taught to accept inequality (Marxists)

- myth of meritocracy (Marxists)

- encourages consumerism (Marxists)

- sexualisation of females (Feminists – Mulvey and Woulfe)

MASS MEDIA 8. How are news stories selected?

- news values - sensationalism - bad news is good news - elite persons - audience

MASS MEDIA 9. How are different groups represented and why?

- gender - ethnicity - age - social class

MASS MEDIA 10. How does the media affect deviancy amplification?

- labelling - self fulfilling prophecy - moral panic (Stanley Cohen) -

POWER AND POLITICS Key questions: 1. What is power? 2. What different types of power are there? 3. What is a democracy? 4. Is the UK democratic? 5. How active are people in the political process and how engaged? 6. Are the powerful representative of the UK? 7. What is the welfare state? 8. What is the welfare state and what do sociologists think about it? 9. What is the government doing to tackle poverty and unemployment

POWER AND POLITICS Key questions: 1. What is power? - coercion and authority

POWER AND POLITICS 2. What different types of authority are there?

- Max Weber – legal rational, charismatic, traditional authority - public and personal - feminists - marxists

POWER AND POLITICS 3. What is a democracy?

Demos kratos

POWER AND POLITICS 4. Is the UK democratic?

YES - free and fair elections - free press - freedom to protest

NO - first past the post - House of Lords - 2 party state

POWER AND POLITICS 5. How active are people in the political process and how engaged?

- 68% turnout (2015) - social class - age - voter apathy

POWER AND POLITICS 6. What affects voting behaviour?

- social class (working class – Labour; professional – Conservative) - age (young – Labour; older – Conservative) - locality (Scotland, north, south)

POWER AND POLITICS 6. Are the powerful representative of the UK? NO - Ethnicity - Social class - gender - age

POWER AND POLITICS 7. What is the welfare state?

- Bevridge - Child support - Income support - NHS

POWER AND POLITICS 8. What is the welfare state and what do sociologists think about it?

- New Right - Socialists

POWER AND POLITICS 9. What is the government doing to tackle poverty and unemployment? - minimum wage - free childcare (15 hours, rising to 30 hours) - Means testing - New Deal (New Labour) - Troubled Families programme (Conservatives)

POWER AND POLITICS 10. What is the government doing to tackle an ageing population?

- companies must have pension policies - extending working age