Unit 2: Similarities Unit 2: Similarities Among Living ThingsAmong Living Things

Understanding life, life functions, Understanding life, life functions, and cells.and cells.

Chapter 3: Characteristics of Chapter 3: Characteristics of Living ThingsLiving Things

A. Living vs. Non-livingList Living and Non-living things

B. Characteristics of Life 1. Living things are __________________ and contain many complex chemical substances. 2. Living things are made up of __________________, which are the smallest units of life. 3. Living things ______________. 4. Living things have a ______________________________. 5. Living things have a _________________. 6. Living things _____________. 7. Living things ___________________________. 8. Living things are ____________________. 9. Living things ______________________, over long periods of time. 8 & 9 are true for the species not the individual

10. Are viruses alive?

- Viruses are like _____ – they have an outer candy coating and a rich chocolate center!?

- On a virus the outside is made of _______ and the inside is _____ or ____ - On their own viruses do _______ - Viruses are _____________ – not made of cells - Viruses _____ their way into cells and _____________ to make more viruses

1. ____________ = activity by which the organism ______ and _____________ materials from the environment.

C. Life Processes- Also called life activities- These are the activities that all living things do to stay alive

a. _________ = the substances that the organism needs for ________, ________, ________, ____________, and the life processes.

______________________________________________, ________, and _______

b. 3 Processes involved in Nutrition: i. ______________ = taking in of food from the environment. ii. ___________ = breakdown of complex food materials into simpler forms that an organism can utilize. Digestion = _____________ iii. ______________ = elimination of undigested materials

c. 2 Types of Nutrition:

i. ____________________ Autotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms make their own food from ___________ compounds ex: Plants = ___________ use photosynthesis for autotrophic nutrition ____________ + _________ Sugar + Oxygen convert simple inorganic compounds to complex organic compounds

ii. _____________________ Heterotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms ____ other organisms or the by-products of organisms to obtain their nutrients. Heterotrophs use ____________________ compounds ex: Humans, animals, fungus, and many bacteria are heterotrophs

2. Transport

Transport is the life process by which substances are _____________ and _____________ within the organism.

Materials can either enter the cells _____________ or as in larger organisms materials are moved throughout the body by a _________________.

3. Cellular Respiration

__________________________ is the life process of releasing ____________ energy.Food materials are broken down into energy, water, and carbon dioxide.Cellular Respiration is _________________

i. _________________________ requires ________ from the environment carried by ______________ inside the cell

ii. _______________________ without the use of oxygen from the environment does not use the mitochondriaiii. ________ ATP is the energy molecule made from cellular respiration All cells use ATP as their _____________ form of energy

4. Excretion

Excretion is the life process of ________________________from the bodyMany different types of wastes: urine, urea, ______, ______, heat

5. Regulation

Regulation is the life process used to ______________ and ______________ the organism Regulation is carried out by the nervous system and/or _______________

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6. Synthesis and Assimilation

i. ______________ = combination of simple substances into more complex substances. ________________

ii. ____________ = incorporation of material into the organism's body

7. Growth

Growth is an _____________ in size or __________________Growth results from ___________ and _______________

___________________________ = when cells transform to have specific jobs ex: in human growth, life starts as one cell but forms many different body parts

In most animals growth is a finite process. It has an end, but in some plants, growth has no definite end

8. Locomotion

____________ is the ability to _________ from place to place________ – has to ability to move from place to place___________ – stationary, nonmotileLocomotion is an advantage to be able to find: _______ _______ _______ ______________ ______________

8. Reproduction

Reproduction is the life process by which organisms ___________________________________________________

i. ________________ reproduction a single individual reproduces offspring genetically ____________ to the parent ex: __________, fission, budding, vegetative propagation

ii. _____________ reproduction there are two parents and the offspring are a _____________ of the parents genes

9. Metabolism

_____________ is the combination ____ the life processesoccurring within the cells of an organismMetabolism is _____ the chemical reactions in an organism

Metabolism involves the ________ of substances, the __________ of substances, _____ of energy, and ___ of energy

10. Homeostasis

________________ is the condition of a constant internal environmentHomeostasis is keeping the organism in ___________ eventhough the environment is changingUses feedback mechanisms to help maintain a ______________________

EX: Regulation of ________ through an elephant's ears to help keep it _____.EX: _________ a reaction to keep your body warm when you are cold.EX: Increased __________ during exerciseEX: Immune system responding to _______________ in your body