unit 2 the nutrition function
TRANSCRIPT
UNIT 2. THE NUTRITION FUNCTION
WHAT TO LEARN To study nutrition: processes and their
different types. To learn about nutrition in cells and plants. To understand nutrition in animals:
Feeding and digestion. Breathing Circulation Excretion
STOP AND THINK What is the scientific name for “obtaining
nutrients”? What is the scientific name for “obtaining
oxygen”? What is the scientific name for “eliminating
waste substances”?
1. WHAT IS NUTRITION?
THE PROCESSES OF NUTRITION
Obtaining nutrients Respiration Distributing
substancesExcretion
TYPES OF NUTRITION
AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION
HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION
Producing organic nutrients from
inorganic substances.
Obtaining organic nutrients by feeding
on other living things.
Ex: Plants Ex: Animals
RESPIRATION
Taking oxygen from the
environment.
Oxygen is used to obtain energy.
Respiration produce carbon
dioxide and water.
SUBSTANCE DISTRIBUTION
Nutrients are distributed to all parts
of the organism.
EXCRETION
Elimination of waste products.
NUTRITION IN CELLS
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
One cell carries out the four processes.
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
They have organs and systems specialised to
perform the four processes.
PLANT NUTRITION1. OBTAINING NUTRIENTS
The absorption of water and mineral salts
Carbon dioxide absorption Photosynthesis
Plants absorb water and
minerals (xylem sap) through
root hair.
CO2 enters through little
pores (stomata) in the leaves .
In the chloroplast, water , mineral salts
and CO2 are transformed to
organic nutrients (phloem sap). Thanks to the
chlorophyl and sunlight.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PLANT NUTRITION
2. RESPIRATION
1. The plant absorbs oxygen.2. The oxygen is used in the
mitochondria to produce energy.3. Respiration produces water and
CO2
PLANT NUTRITION
3.SUBSTANCES DISTRIBUTION
Substances are distributesd through vessels along the stem, branches and leaf
veins.
XYLEM SAP: FROM THE ROOTS TO THE
GREEN PARTS
PHLOEM SAP: FROM THE GREEN PARTS TO
EVERYWHERE
4. ELIMINATING WASTE MATTER
PLANT NUTRITION
O2 , CO2 and water are eliminated
through stomata.
Waste matter is stored in old
leaves.
Sticky substances (latex and resin) help
disinfect and protect.
ANIMAL NUTRITIONNUTRITION PROCESS
FEEDING DIGESTION
Two parts
It consists in ingesting
food.
WITH A DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
GASTROVASCULAR CAVITIES: Structures with an opening used for ingestion food
and elimination of indigestible matter. Ex: Cnidarias and pltyhelminthes.
DIGESTIVE TRACTS: Long tubes. Two openings: one for food (mouth) and
one for indigestible matter (anus). Examples:
Annelids: they don’t have digestive glands. Molluscs, arthropods and vertebrates have digestive
glands.
THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS 1. Food is crushed by mechanical and chemical
processes. 2. Nutrients are absorbed. 3. The rest of the food is eliminated-
BREATHING IN:
WATER(External surfaces)
AIR(Internal surfaces)
THROUGH BODY SURFACE. Ex: Cnidaria, Earthworms…
THROUGH TRACHEAE.Ex: Insects
THROUGH GILLS.Ex: Fish, molluscs…
THROUGH LUNGS.Ex: Vertebrates.
CIRCULATION: TRANSPORTATION OF SUBSTANCES SIMPLE ANIMALS: They interchange
substances directly with the environment. Ex: Sponges and Cnidaria.
COMPLEX ANIMALS: They have a circulatory system formed by:
A circulating liquid. Ex: blood.Vessels and a pump (heart)
Two types of circulatory system:Open circulatory system. Ex: Arthropods.Closed circulatory system. Ex: Fish, mammals.
EXCRETION: ELIMINATING WASTE SUBSTANCES SIMPLE ANIMALS:
They eliminate waste substances through their body surface.
Ex: Cnidaria and sponges. COMPLEX ANIMALS: They eliminate
substances through: Respiratory organs. CO2 is expelled. Excretory organs: They collect the waste
matter. Ex: kidneys.
ACTIVITIES1. The following sentences are true or false?a) Organisms take organic nutrients from the
environment.b) Autotrophic nutrition consists of obtaining
organic nutrients by feeding on other living things.
c) Organisms carry out respiration by taking CO2 from the environment.
d) Living things distribute nutrients to all parts of their organism.
2. Complete the following sentence using these words: Organic-energy-nutrients- inorganic-repair
Living things must get ________ that can be _______ or _________ substances which can be used to ______ the cells and to obtain_______.
3. Explain the difference between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.
4. Write these parts in English.
5. What’s the difference between a circulatory system and the circulation of a sponge?
6. These structures are called:a) Pores found on the underside of leaves.
b) Organs in fish used to get O2 in water.c) Long tubes with two openings to perform the digestion.d) Internal surfaces with wet walls to get oxygen.
7. Match:
8. Explain what type of digestive system have:a) A jellyfishb) A reptil
9. Explain what type of circulatory system have:a) A fishb) A sponge
1.Thracheas 2.Gastrovascular cavity3.Kidneys
a. Obtaining nutrientsb. Excretionc. Breathing
1. Cnidaria2. Vertebrates3. Insects
10. Complete the following sentences with the correct word: leaf, water, veins, phloem sap, carbohydrates, photosynthesis.
a) Plants release oxygen from___________, CO2 from respiration and excess____________ (as vapour) through the_____________.
b) The transportation of____________ in the plant takes place through the vessels which run along the_______, the branches____________ of the leaves.
c) The____________ (organic nutrients) which are made in photosynthesis are mixed with water in the__________ and form the _____________ ______________.
11. Complete the table with a tick. ()ANIMAL WITHOUT
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
WITH A GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY
WITH DIGESTIVE TRACT
Anchovy
Planarian
Sponge
Rabbit
Grasshopper
Jellyfish
Elephant
Frog
12. Write down the type of breathing:a) Fish b) Earthwormc) Mosquito d) Parrot