unit 23 fire fighter ii objectives a chapter 23

1 of 26 Revision: 110413

Unit 23

Pre-Incident Planning

The Connecticut Fire Academy

Recruit Firefighter Program

Instructor Notes

Slide 1

Connecticut Fire Academy – Recruit Program 1

Building the Foundation of Excellence

NFPA 1001: Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications

2013 edition

Slide 2

Connecticut Fire Academy – Recruit Program

CHAPTER 23


Courte

sy o

f L. C

harle

s S

meby, J

r./Unive

rsity o

f Flo

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NFPA 1001: Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications

2013 edition

Slide 3


Fire Fighter II Objectives

• Describe why and for which types of

properties a preincident plan is created.

• List the typical target hazards that may be

found in a community.

• Describe how a preincident survey is

performed.

• List the information that is gathered during

a preincident survey.

Slide 4



• Describe the information included in any

sketches or drawings created during the

preincident survey.

• Describe the symbols commonly used in

preincident plans.

• Describe how preincident planning for safe

and rapid response is performed.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 5



• Describe the information that needs to be

gathered to assist the incident commander

(IC) in making a rapid and correct size-up

during an emergency incident.

• Explain how to identify built-in fire

detection and suppression systems during

a preincident survey.

Slide 6



• Describe the tactical information that is

collected during a preincident survey.

• Describe how preincident planning for an

efficient search and rescue is performed.

• Describe how preincident planning for

rapid forcible entry is performed.

Slide 7



• Describe how preincident planning for safe

ladder placement is performed.

• Describe how preincident planning for

effective ventilation is performed.

• List the occupancy considerations to take

into account when conducting a

preincident survey.

Slide 8



• List the types of locations that require

special considerations in preplanning.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 9


Introduction

• Preincident planning gives you the tools

and knowledge that you need to become a

much more effective fire fighter:

– Location of hydrants, exits, and hazards

– Information is at your fingertips

• Assists with command decisions

Slide 8

Introduction

Pre-incident planning gives you the

tools and knowledge that you need to

become a much more effective fire

fighter:

Location of hydrants, exits, and

hazards

Information is at your fingertips

Assists with command decisions

Introduction to pre-incident planning

Gives you the tools and knowledge that

you need to become a much more

effective fire

fighter.

With a pre-incident plan, you know

where the hydrants and exits are and

what hazards

to anticipate.

Information is at your fingertips

Helps to make better command

decisions.

IC can use the information gathered

before the incident to direct emergency

operations.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 10


Preincident Plan

• Developed under

direction of fire

officer

• Available to all

responding units

• Helps IC make

informed decisions

• Used for training

Pre-incident Plan

Developed under direction of fire

officer

Available to all responding units

Helps IC make informed decisions

Used for training

Overview Process of obtaining and

storing property information for quick

future retrieval.

Conducted under direction of the fire

officer

Objective and use of the pre-incident

plan

Available to all responding units in the

event of an emergency.

Helps IC make informed decisions at

emergency incidents.

Used for training to familiarize fire

fighters with properties within their

jurisdiction.

Makes valuable information available

during an emergency that might

otherwise be overlooked.

Computers improve the portability and

accessibility of the pre-incident plan.

Use of computers has increased the

ability to capture, store, organize,

update, and quickly retrieve

information.

Accurate and current information can

be instantly available

Geographic information systems

collect data on geographic environment

and presents it to the entire emergency

response team.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 11


Plan Components

• Items to include:

– Detailed diagrams

– Location and nature of any special hazards

– Detailed information on the characteristics of

the building

– Additional information

Plan Components

Items to include in the pre-incident

plan Detailed diagrams showing:

Plot plans for structure location and

arrangement

Access/exit routes and entry points

Exposures

Hydrants and other water sources

The location and nature of any special

hazards

Detailed information on the

characteristics of the building,

including:

o Height and overall

dimensions

o Type of construction

o Nature of the occupancy

o Types of contents in different

areas

Interior floor plans

o Stairway and elevator

locations

o Utility shut-off locations

o Details on built-in fire

protection systems.

Slide 12


Plan Components

Court

esy

of

Tem

pe F

ire D

epart

me

nt

Figure 23-2: An example of a pre-incident plan.

The pre-incident planning process is specified in

NFPA 1620.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 13


Target Hazards

• Increased life safety hazard properties

• Large occupancies and/or unusual risks

• High possibility for conflagration

Target Hazards

Increased life safety hazard properties

Large occupancies and/or unusual risks

High possibility for conflagration

Target hazards Departments may not

have pre-incident plans for all

occupancies.

Properties identified as target hazards

pose a high life-safety hazard to

occupants or responding fire fighters.

Focus on particularly large

occupancies.

Focus on areas with unusual risks.

Target hazards may have the potential

to create conflagrations.

Properties with an increased life safety

hazard include:

o Hospitals

o Nursing facilities

o Assisted-living facilities

o Large apartment buildings

o Hotels and rooming houses

o Schools

o Public assembly occupancies

Slide 14


Developing a

Preincident Plan

• Preincident survey

information can be

collected and

updated

automatically.

• Plans can be

managed through a

network.

Developing a Pre-incident Plan

Pre-incident survey information can be

collected and updated automatically.

Plans can be managed through a

network.

Developing a pre-incident plan Pre-

Incident survey

The crew designated for response

usually performs the survey.

Survey data are compiled using a

standard pre-incident plan format and

filed by property address.

The fire officer organizes the data and

creates drawings to accompany the

plan.

Survey information can be collected

and updated automatically in real time

Can be uploaded to a central system or

submitted manually in a hard-copy pre-

incident plan format

Drawings and other graphics are

usually prepared at the fire station. If

stored in paper format, the plan should

be copied and distributed to all of the

companies and command officers.

Plans should be kept in binders or in a

filing system on each vehicle.

In some jurisdictions, the

communications center sends a copy to


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

a portable fax machine in a command

unit at the scene.

Slide 15


Electronic Format

Advantages

• Direct access

through computers

• Automatic

transmission to

dispatch terminals

• Easy updates

• Accessible to

everyone

Electronic Format Advantages

Direct access through computers

Automatic transmission to dispatch

terminals

Easy updates

Accessible to everyone

Fire departments using an integrated

information technology system can

manage plans through a network

Networks can be accessed in multiple

ways

Updates can be made easier

Focus efforts on ensuring the pre-

incident plan is kept current

Slide 16


Conducting a

Preincident Survey

• Conduct with property owner knowledge.

– Appointment confirms and clarifies

expectations.

– Team members should dress and act

professionally.

– Property representative should accompany

survey crew.

Conducting a Pre-Incident Survey

Conduct with property owner

knowledge.

Appointment confirms and clarifies

expectations.

Team members should dress and act

professionally.

Property representative should

accompany survey crew.

Introduction to conducting a pre-

Incident survey

Survey should be conducted with the

knowledge and cooperation of the

property owner.

Schedule an appointment with the

property owner to confirm expectations

and clarify questions.

Team members should dress and act

professionally.

A property representative should

accompany the survey crew to answer

questions and provide access.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 17


Conducting a

Preincident Survey

• Systematic approach

– Begin with building exterior.

– Survey each interior area.

– Take notes, make sketches.

• Return visit may be necessary for large

properties.

Conducting a Pre-Incident Survey

Systematic approach

Begin with building exterior.

Survey each interior area.

Take notes, make sketches.

Return visit may be necessary for large

properties.

The survey is conducted in a

systematic fashion. Begin with the

outside of the building and gather

information on geographic location,

external features, and access points.

Survey each interior area, beginning at

the roof and working down through

every level, including the basement.

Take notes and make sketches along

the way.

Large and complicated structures may

require a return visit.

Sketches and drawings should be

prepared o Include information on building

layout and access

o Building owner may be able to

provide the survey team with a

copy of a plot plan or a floor

plan.

o Some departments use computer-

assisted graphics software to

create and store these diagrams.

o The completed drawing should

use standard, easily understood

map symbols.

Slide 18


Preincident Planning for

Response and Access

• Establish the most efficient routes.

• Confirm street address visibility.

• Note water sources.

• Identify multiple entry access points.

• Indicate access-blocking barriers.

Pre-Incident Planning for Response and

Access

Establish the most efficient routes.

Confirm street address visibility.

Note water sources.

Identify multiple entry access points.

Indicate access-blocking barriers.

Pre-Incident planning for response and

access Building layout and access

information is particularly important

Establish the most efficient routes,

noting any traffic patterns, potentially

blocked routes, and alternate routes.

Ensure that the building address is

easily visible.

Map the best routes to all buildings in a

complex.

The locations of hydrants and fire

department connections for sprinklers

and standpipe systems should always


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

be identified.

Identify multiple entrances and access

points

Slide 19


Access to the Exterior

• What roads lead to the building?

• Where are the hydrants and fire

department connections?

• Are there security barriers?

• Are there fire lanes?

• Are there obstructions limiting access?


What roads lead to the building?

Where are the hydrants and fire

department connections?

Are there security barriers?

Are there fire lanes?

Are there obstructions limiting access?

Access to the exterior of the building

Do several roads lead to the building or

just a few?

Where are the hydrants located?

Where are the fire department

connections for automatic sprinkler

and standpipe systems located?

Are there security barriers that will

limit access to the site?

Are there fire lanes to provide access

to specific areas?

Are there barricades, gates, or other

obstructions so narrow or low that they

would prevent passage of the

apparatus?


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 20



• Is there enough support for the weight of

the apparatus?

• Are keys or codes required for entry?

• Are there any natural or topographical

barriers limiting access?

• Does landscaping or snow prevent

access?


Is there enough support for the weight

of the apparatus?

Are keys or codes required for entry?

Are there any natural or topographical

barriers limiting access?

Does landscaping or snow prevent

access?

Are there bridges or underground

structures that will not support the

weight of apparatus? Are there gates

that require keys or a code to gain

entry?

Will it be necessary to cut fences?

Are there natural barriers such as

streams, lakes, or rivers that limit

access?

Does the topography limit access to

any parts of the building?

Does the landscaping or snow prevent

access to certain parts of the building.

Slide 21


Access to the Interior

• Is the lock box operational and

accessible?

• Are key codes required?

• Does the building have security guards?

• Is the key holder available?

• Where is the fire alarm annunciator panel,

and is it properly programmed?

Access to the Interior

Is the lock box operational and

accessible?

Are key codes required?

Does the building have security

guards?

Is the key holder available?

Where is the fire alarm annunciator

panel, and is it properly programmed?

Access to the interior of the building Is

there a lockbox containing keys to the

building? Do the keys work?

Where is the lockbox located? Is it

easily visible?

Are key codes needed to gain access to

the building? Who has them? Are they

in the lockbox?

Does the building have security

guards? Is a guard always on duty?

Does the guard have access to all areas

of the building?

Is a key holder available to respond to

the alarm within a reasonable amount

of time? How can this person be

reached?

Where is the fire alarm annunciator

panel located?

Is the fire alarm annunciator panel

properly programmed so you can

quickly determine the exact location of

an alarm?


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 22



Scene Size-Up

• Essential information for size-up:

– Building construction, height, area, use, and

occupancy

– Hazardous materials and other risk factors

– Location of other structures jeopardized by a

fire

Pre-Incident Planning for Scene Size-Up

Essential information for size-up:

o Building construction, height,

area, use, and occupancy

o Hazardous materials and other

risk factors

o Location of other structures

jeopardized by a fire

Pre-Incident planning for scene size-up

o The pre-Incident survey

should obtain information

critical for size-up.

o Note building construction,

height, area, use, and

occupancy.

Identify hazardous materials and other

risk factors.

Record the location of other buildings

or structures that could be jeopardized

by a fire.

Slide 23



Scene Size-Up

• Fire protection system information

– Automatic sprinklers, standpipes, and

firewalls

– Protected and unprotected areas

• Other building features

– Overhead passages and conveyor systems

– Common attics and unprotected openings

between floors


Fire protection system information

Automatic sprinklers, standpipes, and

firewalls

Protected and unprotected areas

Other building features

Overhead passages and conveyor

systems

Common attics and unprotected

openings between floors

Note information on the fire protection

system, including: Areas protected by

automatic sprinkler systems

Locations of standpipes

Locations of firewalls and other

features designed to limit the spread of

fire

Areas lacking fire protection

Note other building features that may

allow the spread of fire, including:

o Common attic space

o Unprotected openings

between floors

o Overhead passages

o Conveyor systems


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 24



Scene Size-Up

• Information on building construction is also

critical for size-up.

© John Foxx/Alamy Images


Information on building construction is

also critical for size-up.

Construction Information on building

construction is also critical for size-up.

NFPA 220 defines five different types

of construction.

Building construction is discussed in

detail in Chapter 6.

Slide 25


Lightweight Construction

• Uses assemblies of

small components

• Includes trusses

and fabricated

beams

• Used in all

buildingsCourtesy of Underwriters Laboratories

Lightweight Construction

Uses assemblies of small components

Includes trusses and fabricated beams

Used in all buildings

Lightweight construction Uses

assemblies of small components as

structural support materials

Includes trusses and fabricated beams

Found in newer buildings and older

buildings with extensive remodeling

Located in void spaces and concealed

above ceilings

Trusses can be expected to fail quickly

during a fire

Used in all buildings

Slide 26


Remodeled Buildings

• Can remove original fire protection

• May create new hazards

• Try to conduct survey during construction

or remodeling.

• Unfinished construction vulnerable to fire

Remodeled Buildings

Can remove original fire protection

May create new hazards

Try to conduct survey during

construction or remodeling.

Unfinished construction vulnerable to

fire

Remodeled buildings Original fire

protection removed or new hazards

created

Multiple ceilings with void spaces.

Concrete toppings placed over wooden

floor assemblies

New openings between floors or

through walls that were fire resistant

Unfinished construction especially

vulnerable to fire


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 27


Building Use

• Use determines hazards.

• Major use groups include public assembly,

institutional, commercial, and industrial

• Building may contain multiple

occupancies.

• Occupancy may change over time.

Building Use

Use determines hazards.

Major use groups include public

assembly, institutional, commercial,

and industrial

Building may contain multiple

occupancies.

Occupancy may change over time.

Use determines the number of

occupants and the probable contents.

Buildings are classified by major use

groups.

o Public assembly, including

theaters and churches

o Institutional, including

hospitals and schools

o Commercial, including retail

stores and offices

o Industrial, including factories

and parking garages

Large building complexes often

contain multiple occupancy

subcategories, each with different

characteristics and risk factors.

Be sure to determine a building’s

current occupancy. Occupancy may

change over time, creating new

hazards.

Slide 28


Occupancy Changes

• Building use may change over time.

• Preincident plans should be checked and

updated on a regular schedule.

• Occupancy information must be

determined during a preincident survey.

Occupancy Changes

Building use may change over time.

Pre-Incident plans should be checked

and updated on a regular schedule.

Occupancy information must be

determined during a pre-incident

survey.

Occupancy changes Building use may

change over time.

Pre-Incident plans should be checked

and updated on a regular schedule.

A building’s current occupancy

information must always be

determined during a pre-incident

survey.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 29


Exposures

• Other buildings

• Outside storage

• Survey to identify potential exposures

– Construction

– Fire load

– Distance to exposure

– Ease of ignition

Exposures

Other buildings

Outside storage

Survey to identify potential exposures

o Construction

o Fire load

o Distance to exposure

o Ease of ignition

Exposures are any other buildings or

items that may be jeopardized by an

incident at another building.

Examples of exposures include other

buildings, vehicles, and outside

storage.

The pre-incident survey should

consider the size, construction, and fire

load of the property, the distance to the

exposure, and the ease of ignition.

Slide 30


Automatic Sprinkler Systems

• Effective if properly designed and

maintained

• System presence and area covered

• Interior or exterior water control valves

• Record location of nearby water supply.

• Note area served by fire department

connection.

Automatic Sprinkler Systems

Effective if properly designed and

maintained

System presence and area covered

Interior or exterior water control valves

Record location of nearby water

supply.

Note area served by fire department

connection.

Built-in fire protection systems

Automatic sprinkler systems

Note the presence of and locations

covered by the sprinkler system.

Note the location of water flow control

valves inside or outside the building;

the valves should always be open.

Mark the location of the fire

department connection.

Slide 31


Standpipe Systems

• Installed in high-rise buildings and some

low-rise buildings

• Water supplied to each floor

• Attack lines connected near fire

• Water delivered by pumper to fire

department connection outside building

Standpipe Systems

Installed in high-rise buildings and

some low-rise buildings

Water supplied to each floor

Attack lines connected near fire

Water delivered by pumper to fire

department connection outside

building

Standpipe systems Water is delivered

to fire hose outlets on each floor level.

Low-rise buildings that cover a large

floor area may also have standpipes.

Attack lines are connected close to the

fire.

Note the locations of the fire

department connections, outlets on

each floor, and nearby hydrants.

Also note the floor levels served by


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

each connection.

Slide 32


Fire Alarm and Fire

Detection Systems

• Some connected directly to fire

department

• Others monitored by alarm service

• Automatically or manually activated

• Annunciator panel indicates fire source

Fire Alarm and Fire Detection Systems

Some connected directly to fire

department

Others monitored by alarm service

Automatically or manually activated

Annunciator panel indicates fire source

Fire alarm and fire detection systems

Some connected directly to the fire

department

Others monitored by an outside service

Alarm activated automatically or

manually

Automatic alarm triggers include

smoke, heat, or water discharged from

the sprinkler system.

Annunciator panel indicates the

location and type of device that

activated the alarm.

o Identify the type of system

installed, location of

annunciator panel, and type of

monitoring.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 33


Special Fire Extinguishing

Systems

• Protects where automatic sprinklers not

suitable

• Required for most commercial kitchens

and computer rooms

• Common in industrial buildings

• Identify system type and areas protected.

• Note locations of suppression systems for

flammable liquid storage.

Special Fire Extinguishing Systems

Protects where automatic sprinklers not

suitable

Required for most commercial kitchens

and computer rooms

Common in industrial buildings

Identify system type and areas

protected.

Note locations of suppression systems

for flammable liquid storage.

Special fire extinguishing systems.

Fixed fire extinguishing systems

protect areas where automatic

sprinklers are not suitable, including

commercial kitchens and computer

rooms.

Flammable liquid storage areas may

require foam or dry chemical fire

suppression systems.

Note the location of special systems, as

well as details on method of operation,

location of equipment, and foam

supplies.

The process for conducting a pre-

incident survey will be practiced

during the afternoon session.

Slide 34


Considerations for

Water Supply

• Determine amount and identify source.

• Locate closest hydrants.

• Note static water supply sources.

• Outline desired water delivery options.

Considerations for Water Supply

Determine amount and identify source.

Locate closest hydrants.

Note static water supply sources.

Outline desired water delivery options.

Considerations for water supply

Determine the amount of water needed

to fight a fire in the building, as well as

the source of water supply.

Calculate the required flow rate.

Base your calculations on building

size, construction, contents, and

exposures.

Locate the hydrants closest to the

building.

Locate sufficient hydrants to supply

required water volume.

Determine the municipality’s ability to

sustain the water supply.

Hydrants supplied by different water

mains may need to be used.

Note static water supply sources.

Water may have to be obtained from a

lake, stream, dry hydrants, or fire

department tanker.

Identify drafting sites and nearest dry


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

hydrant locations.

Measure the distance from the water

source to the building.

Determine the need for large-diameter

supply hose and/or additional pumpers.

Outline the operation required to

deliver water.

Slide 35




Figure 23-14:

A diagram showing hydrant locations

around a building.

Note sites for filling tankers and for

discharging their loads, and identify

how many tankers are needed.

Note: City of Waterbury & WFD have used a

Tanker Striker Force to augment their water

supply when the Municipal system fails or in

need of Emergency repairs

Slide 36


Considerations for

Water Supply

• Private water supply systems may be

found in large industrial or commercial

complexes.

– Determine the location, capacity, and power

source of a fixed fire pump.

– Confirm the system is in good condition.

– Note whether public, off-site hydrants should

be used instead.


Private water supply systems may be


complexes.

Determine the location, capacity, and

power source of a fixed fire pump.

Confirm the system is in good

condition.

Note whether public, off-site hydrants

should be used instead.

Private water supply systems may be


complexes. Systems usually include

storage tanks, reservoirs, and fixed fire

pumps.

Determine the location, capacity, and

power source of a fixed fire pump.

Confirm the system is in good

operating condition.

Note whether public, off-site hydrants

should be used instead of private

hydrants.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 37


Utilities

• Determine all utility emergency shut-offs.

• Include contact for each utility company.

• List utility hazards.

Utilities

Determine all utility emergency shut-

offs.

Include contact for each utility

company.

List utility hazards.

Utilities may need to be switched off

as a safety measure.

Determine the location of emergency

shut-offs for:

o Electricity

o Natural gas

o Propane gas

o Fuel oil

o Other energy sources

The pre-incident plan should include

contact information for the appropriate

utility companies.

Some utility shut-offs require special

knowledge or equipment.

Include the locations of dangerous

high-voltage electrical lines and

equipment in the pre-incident plan.

Dangerous electrical utilities can be

overhead wiring or underground

utilities.

Note the location and capacity of each

propane gas or fuel oil tank.

Note any equipment powered by

emergency generators.

Slide 38



Search and Rescue

• Identify location of

occupants needing

rescue or

assistance.

• List all building

entrances and

exits.

• Obtain interior floor

plan.

© Keith D. Cullom

Pre-Incident Planning for Search and Rescue

Identify location of occupants needing

rescue or assistance.

List all building entrances and exits.

Obtain interior floor plan.

Pre-incident planning for search and

rescue Identify the location of the

occupants and the exits.

Identify all entrances and exits,

including fire escapes and roof exits.

Obtain an interior floor plan.

Tour the building under nonemergency

conditions.

Plan for the use of ropes during limited

visibility search and rescue.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 39



Forcible Entry

• Identify areas where forcible entry likely.

• Note tools needed to gain entry.

• Note lock box location.

– Instructions for obtaining keys

Pre-Incident Planning for Forcible Entry

Identify areas where forcible entry

likely.

Note tools needed to gain entry.

Note lock box location.

Instructions for obtaining keys

Pre-incident planning for forcible entry

Identify interior and exterior areas

where forcible entry may be required.

Mark potential forcible entry locations

on the site diagrams and building floor

plans.

Note tools that would be needed.

Note the location of a lockbox and

instructions for obtaining keys.

Slide 40



Ladder Placement

• Identify best

locations for ground

ladders or aerial

apparatus.

• Note ladder length

needed to reach

roof or entry points.

• List overhead

obstructions.

© Photos.com

Pre-Incident Planning for Ladder Placement

Identify best locations for ground

ladders or aerial apparatus.

Note ladder length needed to reach

roof or entry points.

List overhead obstructions.

Pre-Incident planning for ladder

placement Identify the best locations

for placing ground ladders or aerial

apparatus.

Note the length of ladder needed to

reach the roof.

Note overhead obstructions that may

not be visible during an emergency.

Do not place ladders obstructing vital

functions

Slide 41



for Ventilation

• Consider information that would be useful

to the ventilation team, including:

– Best means of ventilation

– Operability of existing openings

– Windows and doors

– Needed ventilation equipment

– Building construction elements

Pre-Incident Planning for Ventilation

Consider information that would be useful

to the ventilation team, including: o Best means of ventilation

o Operability of existing openings

o Windows and doors

o Needed ventilation equipment

o Building construction elements

Pre-Incident planning for ventilation

Consider information that would be useful

to the ventilation team during a fire,

including: o Best means of ventilation

o Operability of existing openings

o Windows and doors suitable for horizontal

ventilation

o Ease of removal for skylights and

bulkhead doors

o Needed ventilation equipment

o Building construction elements

o Possibility of using the heating,

ventilation, and air-conditioning system,

including instructions on using the system


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

o Roof construction

o Evaluate potential for collapse.

Slide 42


High-Rise Buildings

• Identify building construction and special

features.

• Note presence and function of all systems

• Determine existence of building

emergency plan.

High-Rise Buildings

Identify building construction and special

features.

Note presence and function of all systems

Determine existence of building

emergency plan.

High-rise buildings Present problems

during a fire due to access difficulties and

the large number of occupants.

Identify the building construction and any

special features.

Note the presence and function of any

systems.

Fire protection features vary by the age of

the building and the specific building and

fire code requirements.

Older buildings are typically constructed

with noncombustible materials.

Newer buildings are typically constructed

with fire protection, detection, and

suppression systems, as well as many

other building controls.

Document the details of each system.

Note whether the building has an

emergency plan.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 43


Assembly Occupancies

• Emergency incidents can involve large

numbers of people.

• May have complex emergency

management systems

• Gaining access complicated by occupant

evacuation

Assembly Occupancies

Emergency incidents can involve large

numbers of people.

May have complex emergency

management systems

Gaining access complicated by occupant

evacuation

Assembly occupancies May introduce the

potential for a large number of people to

become involved in an emergency incident

Gaining access may be complicated by

occupant evacuation.

Public assembly venues may be large and

complicated structures with complex

emergency management systems.

Slide 44


Healthcare Facilities

• Greatest challenge is protecting

nonambulatory patients

• Defend-in-place philosophy

– Assumes need for patient escape assistance;

insufficient staff

• Horizontal evacuation

– Move patients to safer areas on same floor.

Healthcare Facilities

Special pre-incident planning is required

for healthcare facilities, such as hospitals

and nursing homes.

Greatest challenge is protecting non-

ambulatory patients

Defend-in-place philosophy

o Assumes need for patient escape

assistance; insufficient staff

Horizontal evacuation

o Move patients to safer areas on same

floor.

Slide 45


Detention and Correctional

Facilities

• Need to move inmates from danger while

protecting fire fighters

• Security practices may affect access to

building and occupancy areas.

Detention and Correctional Facilities

Need to move inmates from danger while

protecting fire fighters

Security practices may affect access to

building and occupancy areas.

Detention and correctional facilities

Designed to prevent escape under normal

conditions

Consider the problems associated with

removing the inmates from danger while

protecting the fire fighters.

Security practices may preclude rapid

access to the building or for occupants and

rescuers to exit the facility


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 46


Residential Occupancies

• Most plans cover multifamily residences.

• General neighborhood surveys are

informative.

• Homeowners may request individual fire

safety surveys.

Residential Occupancies

Most plans cover multifamily residences.

General neighborhood surveys are

informative.

Homeowners may request individual fire

safety surveys.

Residential occupancies Fire departments

generally do not prepare pre-incident plans

for one- and two-family residences, unless

the property has unusual risk factors, such

as handicapped occupants.

When preparing a pre-incident plan for a

private residence, include: o Detailed floor plans

o Location of sleeping areas

o Information about handicapped occupants

o Escape routes and an outside rendezvous

areas

o Fire hydrant and water source location

When individual homes are not surveyed,

a general neighborhood survey can reveal

styles and types of residences, access

routes, and water sources.

Home owners may request a fire safety

survey.

Slide 47


Locations Requiring

Special Considerations

• Gas or liquid fuel

lines

• Electrical lines

• Ships and

waterways

• Subways

• Railroad lines

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Locations Requiring Special Considerations

Gas or liquid fuel lines

Electrical lines

Ships and waterways

Subways

Railroad lines

Introduction to locations requiring special

considerations Pre-incident planning

should anticipate emergencies in other

venues.

Consider the size of the facility or entity,

changing occupancy, and security issues.

Areas where complicated emergency

situations could arise include: o Gas or liquid fuel transmission

pipelines

o Electrical transmission lines

o Ships and waterways

o Subway

o Railroads


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 48


Special Hazards

• Identify hazardous materials or chemical storage.

• Evaluate potential for building collapse.

• Review industrial processes.

• Contact specialists if needed.

Special Hazards

Identify hazardous materials or chemical

storage.

Evaluate potential for building collapse.

Review industrial processes.

Contact specialists if needed.

Special hazards Information on special

hazards, including the presence of

chemicals or hazardous materials,

dangerous structural conditions and

industrial processes, high-voltage

electrical equipment, and confined spaces,

would be very valuable during an

emergency incident.

Contact specialists or conduct further

research to obtain as much information as

possible for the pre-incident plan.

Slide 49


Hazardous Materials

• Inventory types, quantities, location, use, and storage.

• List emergency steps for incidents.

• Determine whether special permits are needed.

• Locate current MSDS for inventories.

Hazardous Materials

Inventory types, quantities, location, use,

and storage.

List emergency steps for incidents.

Determine whether special permits are

needed.

Locate current MSDS for inventories.

Hazardous materials Obtain a complete

description of all hazardous materials

stored, used, or produced in the building.

Include an inventory of the types,

quantities, locations, use, and storage of

hazardous materials.

Note the emergency action steps for spill,

leaks, or fires.

Ensure the material safety data sheet

documents and all other documentation

has been provided and is up-to-date.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 50


Hazardous Materials

• Common locations include:

– Chemical companies

– Garden centers

– Swimming pool suppliers

– Hardware stores

– Laboratories

• NFPA 704 signage may be required

Hazardous Materials

Common locations include:

Chemical companies

Garden centers

Swimming pool suppliers

Hardware stores

Laboratories

NFPA 704 signage may be required

Expect to encounter hazardous materials at

certain locations. o Chemical companies

o Garden centers

o Swimming pool supply stores

o Hardware stores

o Laboratories

Ensure that placards identifying hazardous

materials use the marking system specified

in FPA 704. Note special suppression

techniques or extinguishing agents.

Include contact information for people

who can provide advice in the event of an

emergency.

Slide 51


Summary

• Preincident planning helps departments to

make better command decisions.

• Preincident planning obtains information

about a building or property and stores it in

an accessible area.

• Modern technology has enhanced the

ability of fire departments to capture, store,

organize, and retrieve preincident plans.

Slide 52


Summary

• The location and nature of any special

hazard should be highlighted on the

diagram.

• Preincident plans should be prepared for

every property posing a high life-safety

hazard.

• Preincident information is gathered during

a survey.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 53


Summary

• Surveys should be conducted in

coordination with the property owner.

• Preincident surveys are conducted in a

systematic fashion.

• Fire fighters conducting the preincident

survey should prepare sketches.

Slide 54


Summary

• Building layout and access information is

important during the response phase.

• The preincident survey must obtain

essential building information.

• There are several steps to follow when

conducting a preincident survey.

Slide 55


Summary

• Tactical information should be gathered

during the preincident survey.

• The preincident survey should identify all

entrances and exits to a building.

• The preincident survey should identify any

exterior and interior access issues.

• Preincident surveys should include where

to safely place ladders.

Slide 56


Summary

• The preincident survey should identify the

best locations for ventilation.

• There are several building locations that

involve unique considerations.

• Preincident planning should anticipate

types of incidents that could occur at

specific locations.


Unit 23




Instructor Notes

Slide 57


• Introductions and Invocation at Memorial 0800-0830

• Recruit Firefighter Rules & Regulations 0830-1100

• Campus Tours 1100-1130

• Applications & Forms 1130-1200

• Lunch 1200-1300 (start move in)

• Recruit Firefighter Program Overview 1300-1400

• Employee Assistance Program 1400-1445

• Recruit Photos 1445-1500

• Health, Wellness, & Fitness Program 1500-1600

• Program Wrap Up and Dismissal 1600-1630

• Complete move in including Fire Station (Secure PPE)

Day 1 Schedule

Slide 58


NEVER FORGET

unit 23 fire fighter ii objectives a chapter 23

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