unit 3. family- contents

8/6/2019 Unit 3. Family- Contents

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Instituto deIdiomas. Charity begins at homeMeaning: A person's first obligation should be to help

help the member of his own family before he can begin

thinking of talking about helping others.

Your eyes on the World-UNL 1

Unit 3

Family-The support for human beings

ADJECTIVES(ADJETIVOS)

Adjectives are the words that qualify the noun. Example:

big, small, old, young, beautiful, etc.

Los adjetivos son las palabras que califican al sustantivo. Por ejemplo: grande,pequeo, viejo, joven, hermoso(a), etc.

In English, most adjectives can go in two different places in a sentence:

before nouns, as in a funny story

.. + Adjective + ..

Ex: The big city La ciudad grandeEx: A nice park Un parque bonito

after verbs, especially linking verbs like be and seem, as in Dont laugh-It

isnt funny.

Some adjectives can also go:

After nouns, as in: There was no money available.

as in after nouns.

En ingles la mayora de los adjetivos pueden ir en dos diferentes lugares en una oracin:

Antes de los sustantivos, como por ejemplo: a funny story (una historia graciosa.

funny=adjetivo-graciosa y story=sustantivo-historia/cuento)

Despus de los verbos, especialmente de like- beseem, como por ejemplo: No te ras, no es

divertido.

Otros adjetivos pueden tambin ir despus de los sustantivos, como por ejemplo: El dinero no

estuvo disponible.


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1.Comparison of adjectives:

English has three degrees of adjectives comparisons: positive, comparatives (2

people, things) and superlatives. (3 or more people)Study these examples:

Comparacin de los adjetivos

En Ingls hay 3 grados de comparacin para los adjetivos y son: el positivo, el

comparativo (2 personas /objetos, etc.)y el superlativo (3 o ms personas/objetos

etc.) Estudie estos ejemplos:

Spaghetti is cheap ( positive ) Spaghetti is barato.

Bread is cheaper ( comparative ) El pan es ms barato.

Rice is the cheapest ( superlative ) El arroz es el comestible

ms barato.

Fish is expensive ( positive ) El pescado es caro.

Pork is more expensive ( comparative ) la carne de cerdo es ms

cara.

Beef is the most expensive ( superlative) La carne de res es la ms

cara.

2.One- syllable Adjective

Most adjectives with one syllable have -er(for comparatives) andest endings

(for superlatives).

La mayora de las terminaciones de los adjetivos de una sola slaba son er (para

los comparativos=2 elementos) yest (para los superlativos=3 o ms elementos).

Positive Comparative Superlative

small smaller than the smallest


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close closer than the closest

long

high .

hard .

cheap ..

loud ..

fast .

One-syllable adjectives that end in a single stressed vowel followed by a single

consonant, must add another consonant.

Adjetivos de una sola slaba que terminan en consonante, con vocal acentuada,

debe aadir otra consonante.


Hot hotter the hottest

Big ..

Wet .

Fat . ..

Thin .

(There are some exceptions to the rule of the double consonant. Adjectives that

end in w,x or y are not doubled.)

Hay algunas excepciones a la regla de duplicar la consonante. Los adjetivos que

terminan en w, x y, no se duplica.


Slow slower the slowest

New ..


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Low . .

Gray .

3. Two or moreSyllable Adjectives

Adjectives of two or more syllables take the words more and the most for

comparisons.


Important more important than the most important

Delicious ---------------- -------------------------

Expensive ----------------- -------------------------

Modern ----------------- --------------------------

Difficult ----------------- --------------------------

Dangerous ----------------- --------------------------

Two-syllable adjectives that end in y can takeer and -est endings, but the y changes

to i before the ending.

Adjetivos de dos slabas que terminan en y , cambie la y por i antes de adicionarer o

est.


Hungry hungrier the hungriest

Busy --------------- --------------------

Early --------------------- ---------------------

Noisy --------------------- ---------------------

Dirty --------------------- ----------------------

4. Irregular Adjetives (Adjetivos irregulares)


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ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVO

BAD (MALO) WORSE (PEOR) THE WORST (EL PEOR)GOOD (BUENO) BETTER (MEJOR) THE BEST (EL MEJOR)

LITTLE (PEQUEO) LESS (MENOS) THE LEAST (GENERALLY:EL/LO MENOS)

OLD (VIEJO) OLDER (MAYOR) THE ELDEST (EL MAYOR)

Examples:

Ex: My computer is faster than yours.

Mi computador es ms rpido que el tuyo.

Ex: My computer is more reliable than yours.

Mi computador es ms fiable que el tuyo.

Ex: My computer is the fastest.

Mi computador es el ms rpido.

Ex: My computer is the most reliable.

Mi computador es el ms fiable.

Ex: My computer is the slowest.

Mi computador es el ms lento.

Ex: My computer is the least fast.

Mi computador es el menos rpido.

Practice the conversation and identify the main content of it.

Practica la conversacin e identifique el contenido principal de la misma.


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Sunny Day

A: It's good to see the sun again.B: Better than yesterday.

A: They say it's going to cloud over again this afternoon.

B: As long as it doesn't rain.

A: Wow, it certainly is an awful day.

B: Yeah, I'm really fed up with all this rain.

A: Well, it was only drizzle when I got up at 7, but this is too much!

Answer these Questions :

Is a sunny day better than a cold day?

..

Which is nicer : A sunny or a rainy day ?

...................................

Nota: Cuando varios adjetivos acompaan a un mismo sustantivo, estos adjetivos se colocan siguiendo un orden

determinado, que suele ser:

1.- Tamao: Big, small....

2.- Caractersticas generales: Interesting, Spanish, beautiful....

3.- Edad: Old, young....

4.- Forma: Round, narrow, broad....

5.- Color: Red, blue....

6.- Material: Plastic, golden, silver....

7.- Procedencia: Spanish, Swiss....

Ejemplos:

Ex: A big Spanish car. Ex: A young pretty woman.

Un auto espaol grande. Una mujer joven y guapa.

Ex: An old, red, plastic table.


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Una mesa vieja de plstico roja.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

We use a possessive adjective + a noun for possession.

Utilizamos el adjetivo posesivo + sustantivo para denotar posesin.

Ex: My car. [Mi carro]

Your folder. [Tu carpeta]Her theory. [Suyo (de ella) teora]

In English there are eight possessive adjectives for the corresponding eightpersonal pronouns.

Existen ocho adjetivos posesivos correspondientes a los ocho pronombrespersonales.

SINGULAR PLURAL

PERSONAL

PRONOUN

POSSESIVE

ADJETIVES

PERSONAL

PRONOUN

POSSESIVE

ADJETIVES

I MY WE OUR

YOU YOUR YOU YOUR

HE HIS THEY THEIR

SHE HER

IT ITS

MY CAR!


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Possessive adjectives always go before the noun.Los adjetivos posesivos van siempre antes del sustantivo

Ex: Myhouse is big.

Possessive + Noun + Verb + Adjective

Possessive adjectives will always be related to their previous referent.Los adjetivos posesivos siempre tendrn su referente previo.

Ex: Kevin has a sister. His(Kevins) sister is very intelligent.

MY HOUSE IS BIG


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YES/NO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH THE VERB BE

We use the verb BE before the subject in YES/NO questions.Utilizamos el verbo BE antes del sujeto en preguntas YES/NO.

YES/NO QUESTIONS WITH BE

BE SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

Am

OK ?

Is

He

She

It

Are

We

You

They

We write only a QUESTION MARK at the end of a question.

Escribimos nicamente un solo signo de interrogacin al final de una pregunta.

Ex: Are you busy? [Estas ocupado?]

Some expressions of present time are:

Algunas expresiones de tiempo presente son:

now

this moment

todaytonight

ahora

este momento

hoyesta noche

Este tipo de preguntas requieren de una respuesta Positiva o Negativa

Para formular preguntas se escribe primero el verbo luego el sujeto: Are you?:

(al escribir nunca olvide la coma Yes, No,)


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Examples:

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER PREGUNTARESPUESTA

CORTAAre you a student? Yes, I am. Eres estudiante? S, lo soy

Are you a teacher? No, I'm not. Es usted (un) profesor? No,no lo soy.

Is he an engineer? Yes, he is. Es l ingeniero? S, lo es.

Is she your mother? No, she isn't Es ella tu mam? No, no lo es

Is it an English book? Yes, it is.Es este un libro deingls?

S, lo es.

Are we late? No, we're not. Estamos atrazados? No, no estamos.

Are you satisfied? Yes, we are. Estn satisfechos/as? S, lo estamos.

Are they at home? No, they are not.Estn ellos/llas en casa?

No, no estn.

Hay tres clases de respuestas: corta, completa

Are you a student?

Short answer Yes, I am No, I'm not

Full answer Yes, I am a student No, I'm not a student


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WH- QUESTIONS WITH THE VERB BE

To build Wh-questions follow this structure:

Para estructurar Wh-questions (preguntas informativas) siga esta estructura:

WH-WORD + BE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT + ?

Wh-word Be S + C +?

What is it?

Where are they?

When is the meeting?

Preguntas de Informacin:

Las WH- son palabras que sirven para pedir informacin acerca de:


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WHO = Ask about people Para preguntar por personas(Quin, quines?)

WHAT = Ask about things - Cosas (Qu, Cul, Cules?)

WHAT IS HE (she/ it) LIKE= Ask about qualities or characteristics - Pregunta acercade cualidades o caracteristicas.

WHAT TIME = Ask for specific clock time Pregunta por la horaespecfica.

WHERE = Ask about places and directions - Lugares (Dnde?,

y directions)

WHEN = Ask about time, dates - Tiempo, fechas (Cundo?)

HOW = Ask about mood, manners - Modos, maneras(Cmo?)

HOW OLD = Ask about age- Para preguntar la edad.

WHY = Ask about reasons - Razones (Por qu?)

WHICH = Ask about people or things - Personas o cosas

(Quin, quines, Cul, cules?) .

WHOSE = Ask about property or possession - Propiedad oposesin (De quin?)

WHOM = Ask about intended Person - Persona intencional (aquin, con quin, para quin?) + (to, with, for)

Examples:

QUESTION ANSWER PREGUNTA RESPUESTA

Who is your father? My father is George. Quin es tu padre? Mi padre es George.

What is your name? My name is John. Cul es tu nombre? Mi nombre es John.

Where are you from? I am from Ecuador. De dnde eres? Soy de Ecuador.

When is your birthday? It is on October 11th. Cundo es tucumpleaos?

Es el 11 de Octubre.

How are you today? I am fine. Cmo ests? Estoy bien.

Why are you happy? Because I'm luckytoday.

Por qu ests feliz? Porque hoy estoy desuerte.

Which city are you from? I'm from Loja city. De qu ciudad eres? Soy de Loja.

Whose is this book? This is Georges. De quin es este libro? Es de George.


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Whom are you going toinvite?

I'm going to inviteMary.

A quin vas a invitar? Voy a invitar a Mary.

Practice easy questions in:http:/a4esl.org/q/h/mc006-ck.html

DEMOSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

This and these ( estostos )

Se usa This con sustantivos en singular

Ejemplo :

This is a watch ( ste es un reloj)

Para preguntar :

- What is this?

- It`s an eraser

- Its a cell phone.

- Its a pen

Se usa These con sustantivos en

plural.

Ejemplo : These are keys

Para hacer preguntas :

What are these ?

Theyre Keys

Theyre dictionaries

Theyre pens.

Uses : This, singular ( sto ) , These , plural (stos ), se usa cuando elobjeto(s) se encuentran cerca de la persona que habla.

DEMONSTRATIVES

For Singular

Nouns

For Plural

Nouns

Uses

THIS

(It is a / an)

THESE

(They are)

when the person is near

the object
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This hat is green.

Este sombrero es verdeEXAMPLES:

SINGULAR PLURAL

1. Whats this? (what is this?) 2. Whatare these?Its a clock. (It is a clock) Theyare watches

3 Whats this? 4. Whatare these?Its an eraser. Theyare erasers.

5. Whats this? 6. Whatare these?Its a box Theyare boxes


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CARDINAL NUMBERS

La numeracin tiene el mismo patrn que en espaol, y las cantidades igual. Observe la

frmula al final.

1One

2Two

3Three

4Four

5Five

6Six

7Seven

8Eight

9Nine

10Ten

11Eleven

12Twelve

13Thirteen

14Fourteen

15Fifteen

16Sixteen

17Seventeen

18Eighteen

19Nineteen

20Twenty

30Thirty

40Fourty

50Fifty

60Sixty

70Seventy

80Eighty

90Ninety

100 OneHundred

1000 Onethousand

Esta es la frmula para contar grandes cantidades

Las grandes cantidades se leen de tres en tres, empezando con - hundredEn ingls la coma es para los miles y el punto para los decimales - thousandCasi todos los aos se dicen en cifras de dos en dos: 1998 (nineteen ninety-eight)Solamente del 2000 al 2009 se dice toda la cantidad: 2007 (Two-thousand and seven)A partir del 2010 se volver a decir de dos en dos: 2010 (twenty-ten) los nmeros telefnicos se dicen de uno en uno, pero tambin se puede decir por

grupos: 212-234-6831 / 09-336 -0441www. thefreedictionary.com

ORDINAL NUMBERS

Estos nmeros se usan para grados y rdenes, especialmente para los das del mes.

1stFirst

2ndSecond

3rdThird

4thFourth

5thFifth

6thSixth

7thSeventh

8th

Eighth

9th

Ninth

10th

Tenth

11th

Eleventh

12th

Twelfth

13th

Thirteenth

14th

Fourteenth15thFifteenth

16thSixteenth

17thSeventeenth

18thEighteenth

19thNineteenth

20thTwentieth

30thThirtieth

40thFourtieth

50thFiftieth

60Sixtieth

70thSeventieth

80thEightieth

90thNinetieth

100thOne-hundredth

1,000thOne-thousandth
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Use los Ordinal numbers para hablar de ORDEN y de FECHAS, especialmente.

GRADE:

First Grade, Second Grade, Third Grade, etc.COURSE:

First Course, Second Course, Third Course, etc.

DATES:

January 1st, February 2nd, March 3rd, April 4th, December 25th, etc.

You can also say: January the 1st of 2009. (formal way)

FAMILY TREE

Here is a list of family members who are organized according to gender.

Grandparents

abuelos

Parents

Children

Married couple( casados)

husband (esposo)wife(esposa)

ex-husband ex-wife

Kids = childrenmom = mother

dad = father


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Grandparents and GrandchildrenGrandfather GrandmotherGrandson Granddaughter

Parents and ChildrenFather (Dad) Mother (mom)son daughterSiblings = brother

Sister

Other relatives

uncle aunt

nephew niece

cousins

In-laws

Father-in-law mother-in-law

son-in-law daughter-in-law

brother-in-law sister-in-law

Your immediate family includes the people you are very closely related to, suchas your parents, brothers, sisters, and children.

Your extended family includes all of your relatives such as aunts, uncles,cousins, and grandparents.

Abuela = Grandmother Abuelo = Grandfather Madre = Mother Padre = Father To = Uncle Ta = Aunt Primo/Prima = Cousin Cuado = brother in law Cuada = sister in law Hermano = Brother Hermana = sister Esposa = wife Esposo = husband


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Sobrina = Nephew Sobrino = Niece Hija = daugther

Hijo = son Nieta = Granddaugther Nieto = grandson Padrino de bautizo) = godfather

(de boda) best man

Madrina (de bautismo) = godmother(de boda) matron of honour, Primo(a) = cousin Cuado: (hombre) brother-in-law Cuada: (mujer) sister-in-law Tatarabuela (la madre de la abuela) = great-grandmother Tatarabuelo (el padre del abuelo) = great-grandfather

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