unit 3: revolutionary war ch. 5 deciding where loyalties lie 1763-1776
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 3: Revolutionary War
Ch. 5 Deciding Where Loyalties Lie 1763-
1776
Dealing with Indian & French Canadian Resistance
British P.M. George Grenville set out to solve the empire’s new problemsIssued the Proclamation of
1763Colonists violated it
Allowed the French-speaking Catholic Canadians to preserve their religious & cultural ways
Revenue Taxes
Passed acts designed to raise tax revenues in the colonies to pay for F/I WarSugar Act 1764Quartering Act 1765Stamp Act 1765
First direct tax on the colonistsRequired the use of govt-stamped paper,
signifying the payment of the tax, on almost 50 different documents
Would affect everyone
American Reaction to the Taxes
Sons of LibertySamuel AdamsStages public
demonstrations & protests
American Reaction to the Taxes
Patrick Henry introduced 7 resolutions denouncing the Stamp Act“no taxation without
representation” Most colonial assemblies
followed VA’s lead & issued statements condemning the Stamp Act
“virtual representation”
American Reaction to the Taxes
Oct. 1765 delegates from 9 colonies met at the Stamp Act Congress in New York CityClaimed that only
colonial legislatures had the authority to tax the colonists
Significance – break down sectional divisions
American Reaction to the Taxes
Colonists agreed to boycott British goods, leading to the spread of the non-importation movementArtisans & laborers saw the chance to sell
their own goodsWomen agreed to make homespun cloth as
a replacement to British textiles
Repeal of the Stamp Act
Stamp Act was repealed (March 1766), but then replaced with the Declaratory ActReaffirmed Parliament’s
right to pass legislation for & raise taxes from the colonies
Lord Rockingham replaced Grenville.
The Townshend Acts & Colonial Protest
New P.M. Charles Townshend imposed new indirect taxes on the colonies through the Townshend ActsTaxed imported items including
glass, paper, paint, & lead products
Also placed a three-penny tax on tea
Ordered new customs boards to collect the taxes
Relocated “redcoats” to port cities to keep the peace
The Townshend Acts & Colonial Protest
John Dickinson wrote a pamphlet titled “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania”Claimed the T.A. violated the
principle of “no taxation w/o representation”
Criticized “virtual representation”
Another massive boycott of British goods began in 1768
Boston Massacre
Facing the breakdown of law & order in Boston, the governor requested the support of British soldiers (1768)
Boston Massacre
The Crisis Renewed
Disturbing the Peace of the Early 1770s
In March 1770, the new P.M. Lord North repealed all taxes, except that on teaPeriod of relative peace set in,
but only temporarily
Disturbing the Peace of the Early 1770s
June 1772, Rhode Island merchants sought revenge on customs operationsLocal men boarded the Gaspee, looted it, & torched itColonists viewed this as an
act of political resistanceRepresented a shift toward
more militant tactics
Disturbing the Peace of the Early 1770s
Colonies organized the Committees of Correspondence to keep alive opposition to British policies by spreading ideas & info