Unit 3 Salvation

Background information:Words on religion

• the Roman Catholic Church ( 天主教 ) ， Christianity（基督教） , Anglican （英国国教 / 圣公会） , the Orthodox Church （东正教）

• Jesus Christ, the cross, the Bible, Judas, 13, Friday, sin, original sin, God, Adam and Eva, the snake, the Garden of Eden, crusade, holy war, Easter, Resurrection, Israel, Jerusalem

• preach/sermon, priest/minister/clergyman, Thorn Bird, deacons, choir, altar, congregation, flock, fold, lamb, revival, pray/prayer, confess, salvation, Amen, cathedral vs. church

About the author and the text

“Life is a big sea full of many fish. I let down my nets and pull.”From "The Big Sea" -- Hughes' autobiography

James Mercer Langston Hughes, (February 1, 1902 – May 22, 1967) was an American poet, novelist, playwright, short story writer, and columnist. He was one of the earliest innovators of the new literary art form jazz poetry. Hughes is best-known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance. He is also best known for what he wrote about the Harlem Renaissance, "Harlem was in vogue."

Former residence of Langston Hughes

in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C.

"The Big Sea" is the story of a Negro who began life as the child of a poor family in the Midwest in the first decade of this century, and who after that was a successful business man's son and also a teacher of English in Mexico, a night-club cook and waiter in Paris, a mess boy on freighters halfway around the world, a laundry hand in Washington, a student at Columbia and Lincoln Universities, and at once a participant in and a clear-eyed observer of Harlem's "Black Renaissance."

The book tells the story of a sensitive youth, and tell it memorably. There is a passionate sincerity here which expresses itself in unstrained directness. Some of his best-known poems are in this book.

The book can be followed through with fascination as a success story and chronicle of adventure, full of living individuals and colorful scenes. It can be remembered more thoughtfully as a personal re-creation of Negro life from pre-war days, through war and post-war conditions . But its profound quality and lasting worth are to be found in the fact that from first to last, through all these and other experiences and observations, it remains both sensitive and poised 泰然自若的 , candid无偏见的，率直的 and reticent 沉默寡言的 , realistic and unembittered 无怨恨的 .

Writing Style

In this autobiographical essay the writer aims at giving us an understanding of how children may react to religion and why they may lie about this and other subjects.

Here is a summary of the ways the writer uses to achieve this purpose.

(1) Using repetition to achieve unity: lamb(2) Using specific words and concrete details to

achieve effectiveness: moan, wail, sob, whisper(3) Using various writing techniques to make his account

more realistic and convincing: exaggeration, real spoken English and a child’s narrative style

Skimming and summarizing

Read the text in 15 minutes, and

Task 1: number the paragraphs, underline the key words or sentences in each paragraph. At the same time, mark the new words and expressions for later treatment.

Task 2: divide the text into 4 parts, and summarize the main idea of the text in one sentence (p. 46).

Part 1 (Para 1-2): I was brought to the church by my auntie, waiting to be saved from sin by God.

Part 2 (Para 3-6): All the young people were saved but me.

Part 3 (Para 7-14): I decided to be saved though nothing happened to me.

Part 4 (Para 15): I felt terrible that night because I had experienced disillusionment.

‘when you were saved you saw a light, and something happened to you inside! And Jesus came into your life! And God was with you from then on ! ..you could see and feel Jesus in your soul.’

The writer’s first image of being saved:

The writer’s reaction:

I believed …and sat calmly in the church, waiting…

some of ‘the young lambs’ were saved right away.

only one boy and me left unsaved

I was ‘saved’

The final result: I felt guilty and ashamed for telling lies

Reading and guessing

Read the text for the second time, and try to guess the rough meanings of new words and expressions in text (p. 46-47).

You may rely on the context of the words, or, if still in a puzzle, turn to an English-English dictionary.

Language points

1. salvation n.(1) religious: the act of saving, the state of having been saved,

from sin and its consequences 超度 , 拯救 , 救世力量 , 灵魂得救

e.g. Christ is the salvation of the world. Christians hope and pray for salvation.(2) sth. that saves sb. from loss, disaster, etc. 起解救作用的东西

或者原因e.g. The cup of cappuccino was my salvation. (I felt much better

after drinking a cup of cappuccino.) The arrival of the police was her salvation.Salvation Army 救世军 ( 基督教组织 )

2. revival n.

( 状况或力量的）复苏，振兴；再流行e.g. • an economic revival/recovery• a revival interest in folk music • a religious revival

revive v. ( 使）苏醒，复活e.g. • The flowers soon revived in water. • Traditional Chinese festivals such as the Double Ninth Festival should be revived.

3. preach v.

(1) religious: deliver a sermon; give a talk about religion or moral (esp. in a church) 论教 , 传教 , 讲道

preach sth. e.g. The preacher preached a wonderful rhythmical

sermon. He preached Buddhism( 佛教 )/Gospel ( 福音 ).

He devoted his life to preaching the word of

God.

(2) give moral advice to 劝戒 , 讲道 ( 向…做出劝告 )

preach to sb. about sth.

e.g. The headmaster was preaching to the boy about

being lazy. Don’t preach to me about that.

preach (to sb.) against…

e.g. He preached against immoral actions.

(3) urge; recommend (as right or desirable) 鼓吹 , 倡导 , 提倡preach sth. e.g. The dictator ( 独裁者 ) preached war as a means of making the

country great. He always preaches exercise and healthful food. He preached political reform.preach at sb. about... ( 唠唠叨叨地 ) 劝戒e.g. My sister has been preaching at me about my lack of neatness. She does nothing but preaches at her children (about their studies)

preacher n. a person who preaches

preaching n. sth. a preacher says

4. harden v.

make or become hard, strong, hardy etc. 使硬 , 使坚强 , 使坚固 , 变硬 , 变坚强

(1) vt. harden sb./sth.e.g. Life in the mountains hardened me. The incident hardened her resolution to leave the company. I must harden my heart and send my children to work far

away. They harden clay by putting it in fire.(2) vi. e.g. Her mind hardened as she got used to the difficult situation. Clay hardens when it becomes dry.

pp. hardened

e.g. He is a hardened smuggler/doctor/fighter.

be hardened to + n.

e.g. John is hardened to failure. Doctors are hardened to the sight of blood.

5. by/in leaps and bounds: very rapidly 突飞猛进地

e.g. The membership of the tennis club has grown by

leaps and bounds this quarter. The tourist industry in China is developing by

leaps and bounds in the past two decades.

leap at 急切地抓住 ( 机会等 ) leap year 闰年 Look before you leap. [ 谚 ] 三思而后行。

6. escort v.& n.

(1) v. go with sb. in order to protect him/her 护送 , 带领 , 押送

escort sb. to/throughe.g. Let me escort you to the door. The soldiers escorted the old people through the forest.(2) n. one or more persons going with another or others, or

with valuable goods, to protect them or as an honor 护送者 , 护送队

under the escort of …e.g. an escort of soldiers Vast quantities of Chinese fishing ships sailed to the Diaoyu

Islands under the escort of Chinese Marine Surveillance vessels.

7. congregation n.

(1) [U] coming or bringing together 集合(2) [C] religious: gathering of people 集合起来

的人群 (vs. assembled gathering)

e.g. The whole congregation prayed for me.

congregate v. come or bring together

e.g. People quickly congregated around the speaker.

8. sob v.& n.

(1) v. draw in the breath sharply and irregularly from sorrow or pain, esp. while crying 呜咽 , 啜泣

sob one’s heart outsob oneself to sleep e.g. She sobbed her heart out. (cf. She cried her eyes out.) She sobbed herself to sleep.(2) v. tell while drawing in the breath sharply and irregularly from

crying 呜咽地说 ; 哭诉sob out …e.g. “I can’t find my mother…”, the boy sobbed. She sobbed out her son’s sorry story. He sobbed out the tragic accident.

(3) n. [c] the act of sobbing 哽咽 , 抽泣 , 喘口大气

e.g. The more she wept, the louder her sobs

became. She gave a sob of relief. The sobs of the baby were so sad. The child’s sobs gradually died down.

Synonyms: cry ,weep

(1) cry: audible and accompanied with tears

cry for sb./sth., cry about/over sth., cry one’s eyes out

(2) weep: visible, silent shedding of tearsweep for/at/over sb./sth.e.g. He wept for joy/misfortune. I do not weep over his death.Translate:他为自己悲惨的命运而哭泣。

(1) On hearing the sad news, she began ___________ so loudly that her heart seemed to have been broken.

(2) She is lying in bed ________________ like a child.

(3) The young mother ________ silently over her sick baby.

(4) The old woman ________ out the account of her daughter-in-law’s tragic death in the enemy raid.

Blank filling:

to cry/crying

sobbing/weeping

wept

sobbed

9. be ashamed of …: feeling shame

e.g. He is ashamed of what he has done.

be ashamed to do sth.

e.g. I was ashamed to tell my parents that I had failed the exam.

be ashamed that...

e.g. He is ashamed that he has done so little.

10. grin v.

smile broadly so as to show the teeth (expressing amusement, foolish satisfaction, contempt etc.) 露齿而笑 ( 表示高兴 , 愚蠢的满足，轻蔑等 )

grin with…e.g. He is grinning with delight/happiness.grin from ear to eare.g. He is so happy that he is grinning from ear to

ear.grin at sb. 向…咧嘴笑e.g. The boy grinned at his aunt.

laugh, smile, grin, chuckle, sneer, giggle

grin: smile broadly showing the teeth 露齿而笑

chuckle: to laugh quietly or laugh to oneself 抿嘴轻笑（在阅读或沉思时）

sneer: to take on a scornful facial expression 冷笑，讥笑

giggle: to laugh with repeated short sounds 咯咯地笑

Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the given words (each word is used once only)

laugh, smile, grin, chuckle, sneer, giggle1. At that moment, everybody began to ______ and

sing. 2. He ______ from ear to ear. 3. He was ______ to himself over what he was reading.

The inn-keeper ______ and immediately went out. 4. James ______ at my old bicycle. He has a new one. 5. The funny man amused the girls, so they ______ .

1. laugh 2. grinned 3. chuckling, smile 4. sneered 5. giggled

11. rejoicing n. joy

rejoice vi. & vt. make glad, cause to be happy

rejoice sth. rejoice at/over sth. e.g.: His success rejoiced his mother’s heart. All the people in the church rejoiced at

the boy’s salvation.

12. in the name of …: with the authority of… 以……的名义，凭借…的权威

e.g. In the name of law, I say you mustn’t do it. Stop! I order you to do so in the Queen’s

name.

cf. to (one's) name: belonging to one

e.g. I don‘t have a hat to my name. ( 我没有合适的职位。 )

13. Holy Ghost 圣灵 = Holy Spirit (the spirit of God)

More expressions with “holy”: the Holy Land (where Jesus lived) 圣地 the Holy City (Jerusalem) 耶路撒冷 Holy Week (the week before Easter

Sunday) the Holy Father 教皇 = the Pope holy water 圣水 , 净水 Holy Office 宗教法庭 Holy Thursday 耶稣升天日 ( 复活节后 40 天 )

14. deceive v.

cause sb. to believe sth that is false; play a trick ondeceive sb./oneselfe.g. She deceived her fiancé. The general used a mock attack to deceive the enemy. He deceived me by pretending to be a famous film

star.

be deceived in… 对…感到失望e.g. He has been deceived in his son. Don’t be deceived in me.

deceive sb. into doing sth.

e.g. He deceived me into buying the watch. He deceived the girl into going there with him. She deceived her mother into thinking that she

worked hard.

Sentence rewriting:

He made the woman believe that he loved her very much, but he was lying.

deception n. deceiving, being deceived 欺骗 , 被欺骗

(1) [U] do sth. by deception e.g. The magician’s act was done by deception. He got what he wanted by deception.practise deception on…e.g. The newspaper practised deception on the public. Don’t practise deception on anyone.(2) [C] trick intended to deceive 骗人的把戏 , 骗局e.g. All their deceptions have been shown up by their own deeds. This deception will cost him dear.

deceit n.

(1) [U] deceiving; causing a person to accept as true or genuine sth. that is false 欺骗 , 蒙骗 , 不老实

e.g. The boy’s deceit (deception) made his mother

unhappy. She is incapable of deceit. (2) [U] lie; dishonest trick 谎言 ; 骗术e.g. We all know his deceit. His deceit is easily seen.

deceitful adj. in the habit of deceiving 骗人的（指人或物）

e.g. No one will believe a deceitful boy/person. a deceitful act/word (=deceptive)

deceptive adj. deceiving 欺骗的 , 不真实的，靠不住的 （指物）

e.g. Appearances are often deceptive. Our newspaper will not accept any deceptive ads.

Multiple choice:

He is such a ___ boy that no one will trust him.

A. deceptfulB. deceptiveC. deceitfulD. deceiving

Key: C

Fill in the blanks with proper prep. or adv.

1. I am going _____12 next year.

2.The membership of the church had grown ___leaps and

bounds.

3.My aunt spoke ___ the special meeting for days .

4. The priest held ____ his arms ___ all the young sinners sitting ___ the mouners’ bench.

5. My aunt knelt ___ my knees and prayed ___ me.

6.My aunt sobbed ___ my name ___ the priest.

7. Westley grinned down ___ me proudly.

8. I would rather die than take the God ’s name ___ vain.

out

out toon

at

to

at

on

by

for

of

in

Blank filling with the appropriate form of the words in brackets.1.Long time ago, this custom had been forgotten, but now

there is a ________of it. (revive )

2. The sermon preached by the priest is extremely __________. (rhythm )

3.The anti-negro practice constitutes the most ___________ page in the history of the United States labor movement. (ashamed )

4. When he landed his eyes on the new present, he couldn’t cry out with ________. (ecstatic )

5.__________ (punctuate ) is simply a device for making it easy to read and understand written or printed matter.

revival

Punctuation

ecstasy

shameful

rhythmical

Key phrases

go on (a certain age) by/in leaps and bounds speak of feel … in one’s soul hold out one’s arms say in a whisper swirl all around sb. be ashamed of oneself hold up sth. grin at sb. take one’s name in vain break into a sea of/a wave of leap in the air in the name of sb.

Translation exercises

1. 火车的晚点成了她逃跑的救星。2. 使我们高兴的是，我国的工农业一直在迅速发展。3. 父母亲经常对他们讲做诚实的孩子的道理。4. 对于他抽烟，他的妻子整天唠叨，希望他能戒烟。

（ preach at sb. about sth. ）5. 那位年轻人欺骗了他的母亲，使她给了他 50 万元。

（ deceive sb. into doing sth ）6. 他哭诉他被绑架的经过。 (sob out)7. 他是一个顽固的走私犯，即使他的行李袋里面藏了

500 只金表，通过海关时也不会害怕。

Suggested key to translation exercises

1. The late train became the salvation of her escape.2. To our delight, our country’s industry and agriculture

have been developing by leaps and bounds.3. The parents often preached to their children about

being honest.4. His wife always preached at him about his quitting

smoking.5. The young man deceived his mother into giving him

$500,000.6. He sobbed out his being kidnapped.7. He was such a hardened smuggler that he wouldn’t

be scared in the Customs even if he was carrying 500 gold watches in his luggage.