unit 3 sem ii

8/12/2019 unit 3 sem II

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Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca

Faculty of History and Philosophy

Course: English for Specialized Purposes / 2013-2014 Academic Year, 2nd

semester

UNIT 3

References:

1. Dorothy E. Zemach, Lisa A. Rumisek – Academic writing from

paragraph to essay, MacMillan Publishers, 2005

2. Diana Roxana Cotrau, English for Students in History, Upper-

Intermediate¸ Ed. Accent, Cluj, 2003

3. Stuart Redman, English Vocabulary in Use, Cambridge University

Press, 1997

Contents:

A. READING & VOCABULARY PRACTICE: JULIUS CAESAR

B. LISTENING: The Legions of Rome

C. GRAMMAR: The Sequence of tenses

D. WRITING SKILLS: The structure of the essay: writing a

correct THESIS STATEMENT

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A. READING COMPREHENSION: Read the following text about JULIUS CAESAR and

solve the tasks below:

The First Triumvirate, consisting of Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey, came to power in 59 BC when

Caesar was elected consul. The Triumvirate reform program was enacted and Caesar got himself appointed

governor of Illycrium and Gaul. The way to power in Rome was through military conquest; this gave thegeneral a loyal army, wealth (from the conquered), and popularity and prestige at home. So the governorship of

Illycrium and Gaul allowed Caesar to become the general and conqueror he so desperately desired to become.Now the Romans really had no reason to conquer northern and central Europe; the people who lived

there, the Germans and the Celts, were a tribal, semi-nomadic people. (…) But Julius embarked on a spectacular

war of conquest anyway. In a series of fairly brilliant campaigns, Julius added a considerable amount ofterritory to the Roman Empire in northern France, Belgium, and even southern Great Britain, subjugating the

Celts in all these territories. When he had finished his conquests, however, the Triumvirate had dissolved.

Crassus had died in a war against the Parrhians in the Middle East, and Pompey had turned against Julius and

had roused the Senate against him. The Senate declared Julius an enemy of the state and demanded that he handover his generalship and province. Julius, however, decided on a different course of action. His troops were

fiercely loyal to him; so in 49 BC, Caesar ordered his troops to cross the Rubicon River, which separated hisprovince from Italy, thus committing a grave crime against the state. The Civil War started the minute the firstof his legions had finished crossing the Rubicon.

The war was fought between these two great generals, Pompey and Caesar, but in 48 BC, Caesar

defeated Pompey at Pharsalus in Greece. Shortly thereafter Pompey was assassinated by the Egyptians amongwhom he had sought refuge. Caesar then turned his forces towards Asia Minor in a conquest that was so swift

that Caesar described it in three words: “Veni, vidi, vici” (“I came, I saw, I conquered”).

Caesar returned to Rome in 46 BC and had the Senate appoint him dictator for ten years; he was givenimperium over the Roman Empire and was, for all practical purposes, above the law and the constitution. Twoyears later he was appointed dictator for life, and he quickly assumed all the important offices in the

government. (…)The Romans, proud of their Republican tradition, deeply resented his power, and in 44 BC, on

the Ides of March (March 15), a group of conspirators, led by Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus JuniusBrutus, assassinated Caesar as he entered the Senate in his usual manner: with no bodyguards or protection.

A.1. FIND IN THE TEXT THE SYNONYMS OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS: 1.Designated____________________P 1 6. Divided______ _______________ P 2 2. Faithful_____________________ P 1 7. Rapid____________________ P 3 3. Reputation___________ ________P 1 8. Protection_________________P 3 4. Invasion_____ ________________P 2 9. Traitor___________________ P 4 5. Started _____________________P 2 10.Way __________________P 4 A.2 DECIDE WHETHER THE BELOW SENTENCES ARE TRUE OR FALSE: 1. Julius Caesar was part of a Triumvirate which consisted of Crassus, Pompey and himself. T/F

2. The easiest way to get political power in Rome was to conquer territories for the Roman Empire. T/F

3. The Triumvirate was a strong political structure and it remained so until Caesar’s death in 44 BC. T/F

4. Pompey fled to Egypt after he was defeated by Julius Caesar in the battle of Pharsalus. T/F

5. The conspirators bribed Caesar’s bodyguards in order to be able to kill him. T/F

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A.3 IN YOUR OWN WORDS, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. When did the Triumvirate come to power and when was it dissolved?

1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Why was Julius Caesar declared an enemy of the State?

2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3.Who was part of the group which plotted to murder Julius Caesar?

3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. What were the territories conquered by Julius Caesar prior to the end of the Triumvirate?

4…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5.What happened to Crassus?

5…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

B. LISTENING COMPREHENSION: Listen to the fragment about THE LEGIONS OF ROME and decide whether the sentences below are TRUE or FALSE:1.The territorial expansion of the Roman Empire took place in the 3

rd and 2

nd century B.C. T/F

2.The legions never became independent fighting units. T/F

3. Between 133 and 30 B.C. the legions evolved into quasi professional regiments. T/F

4.Under the Principates these regiments were dissolved.T/F

5. The Roman Legion can be considered the ancestor of the Royal Fusiliers and the US Marine Corps. T/F

C. GRAMMAR: SUPPLY THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS

C.1 I will never forget my first visit to China. It (be)……………..completely different from

anywhere else I had been. I was in a country about which I (know)……………..nothing andwhose language I couldn’t speak. I (travel)………….to many parts before but I had never felt so

alone and confused. In my first day there I (go)………….to visit the famous Chinese Wall which

I always (dream)………………of visiting.

C.2. When we looked out of the window we saw that it (snow)……………………..heavily. I

(open) …………….the window and John remembered he (promise)…………………..he would

phone her. But now everything (be)………….different. He (wonder)…………… whether theirtrip was still possible.

C.3. 1. A very unhappy-looking man (come)……………………. to a psychiatrist and said:

“My memory (be) ……………….terrible”, he complained.“I forget everything. Can you help me?”

“How long (you have) ……………………….this trouble?”“What trouble?”

2. “I (see)…………………..the doctor yesterday about my loss of memory.”“What did he do?”

“He (make)…………………………….. me pay in advance”.

3. Employer: “Well, I particularly want a strong person for the job. What……………(be) your qualifications in this direction?”

Young man: “I just (finish)……………… beating the other ten applicants that were

waiting outside.”

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unit 3 sem ii

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