unit 4
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Unit 4. Growing Pains and Gains. What opportunities and conflicts emerged as Americans moved west?. Chapter 12. Oklahoma Land Race. As an Exoduster I traveled to Kansas looking for land and opportunity. African Americans. African Americans. Exodusters traveled to Kansas - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Unit 4
Growing Pains and Gains
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WHAT OPPORTUNITIES AND CONFLICTS
EMERGED AS AMERICANS MOVED WEST?
Chapter 12
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Oklahoma Land Race
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As an Exoduster I traveled to Kansas looking for land and opportunity.African
Americans
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African Americans Exodusters
traveled to Kansas
Land ownership for a small fee
Escape Jim Crow South
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EXODUSTERS
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Settlers Homestead Act –
government handed out land at cheap prices to encourage settlement
Fresh start for immigrants and city dwellers
Grasshoppers and drought made life difficult
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Oklahoma Land Race
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Cowboys and Ranchers Chisholm Trail used
to drive cattle to railroads in Kansas and then markets in Chicago
Native American attacks
Use of barbed wire by settlers led to the decline of the cowboy
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Chisholm Trail
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Miners Gold Rush led
to the settlement of the West
Few found the “mother lode”
Dangerous conditions
Hardships
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Railroad owners
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Railroad Owners Pacific Railroad Act – free land to
railroad owners who earned great profits by selling it.
Transcontinental Railroad united east and west (10 days to travel)
Railroads encouraged westward settlement and led to the development of towns and cities.
Helped industries like mining and lumbering grow
overcharged farmers
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Railroad Workers
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Railroad Workers Dangerous
conditions Opportunities
for Irish and Chinese immigrants
Discrimination and poor pay
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Populism Supported farmers struggling with debt
caused by low prices and high rail costs Were against the gold standard (paper
money backed by gold only) Wanted paper money (greenbacks)
backed by gold and silver in order to fuel inflation
With more paper money in supply, prices rise helping farmers make more $
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American Indians
Crazy Horse Sitting Bull
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Government wanted to expand the rails and mining operations
Army relocated American Indians onto reservations through treaties and by force
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Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868 Sioux agree
to live on reservations along the Missouri River
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Reservations Inadequate
farming lands Disease and
famine common
High Mortality rates
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Assimilation –Absorb American Indians into white culture and educate them about the
white man’s ways
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Steps to Assimilation Teach Indians
how to farm and be self-sufficient
Indian Schools for children
Land ownership for individual families and not tribes.
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Indian Schools Boarding and
day schools English only Military like
schedules and discipline
Farming and industrial skills
Mandatory for all kids
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The Dawes Act (1877)
Broke up tribal land and gave some of it to individual Indians
Citizenship Remaining lands
sold to white settlers
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How did Assimilation help Native Americans?
Jim Thorpe at the Carlisle School
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Massacre at Wounded Knee
1890 Army slaughters
300 unarmed Lakota Sioux
Final armed conflict for Native Americans in the U.S
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The Ghost Dance
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Sitting Bull
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Slaughtered Buffalo on the great plains
“The star blanket lit up the sky and the elders saw and prayed to their ancestors. They cried out for answers. "Why are we left here to starve? What has happened to Tatanka Oyasin (the Buffalo Nation)?" The scouts had traveled very far to search for the once huge herds of buffalo. All of the hunters returned only to report of the same mystery. After many weeks, their greatest hunter set out to find the answer to the mystery. His name was Fire Deer”.
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What I see
My food destroyed and perhaps my way of life
What I hear
The cries of my starving children
I smell the blood of tatanka
What I smell
What I feel
I am angry that the white man has taken over
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Life on the Reservation“ Many Native Americans sold their land for
peanuts and the increase in alcoholism once Native Americans were restricted to the reservation was astronomical. The reservation was also a means by which Native Americans were further disenfranchised and abused. On the reservation their children could be taken from them without cause or warning and sent to boarding school, they had no right of habeas corpus and could be arrested if any suspicion about their loyalty to the reservation or the US government existed.”
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What I see
What I hear
What I smell
What I feel
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Assimilation of A Native American girl
When she first returns to her family, Lucille is not dressed like a Navajo woman; she has adopted white women's "[s]hort skirts, and high-heeled shoes, and . . . stilted walk with pocket-book in hand…. Distaste for the eating, sleeping, and other habits of her Navajo family reminds the young woman that she has learned skills, such as how "to cook real good, on a stove“….
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Assimilation of A Native American girl
Although she wanted to be white, the reality was that whites didn’t want anything to do with her………..” I asked to get a job. Dey couldn't get me one'“ …..(eventually) Lucille pinpoints suicide as the only escape from an unproductive and unhappy existence, her death is the ultimate evidence that assimilation has failed.”
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What I see
What I hear
What I smell
What I feel
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Wounded Knee Massacre“There was a woman with an infant in her
arms who was killed as she almost touched the flag of truce, and the women and children of course were strewn all along the circular village until they were dispatched. Right near the flag of truce a mother was shot down with her infant; the child not knowing that its mother was dead was still nursing, and that especially was a very sad sight. “
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Wounded knee Massacre“The women as they were fleeing with their
babes were killed together, shot right through, and the women who were very heavy with child were also killed. All the Indians fled in these three directions, and after most all of them had been killed a cry was made that all those who were not killed wounded should come forth and they would be safe. Little boys who were not wounded came out of their places of refuge, and as soon as they came in sight a number of soldiers surrounded them and butchered them there.”
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What I see
What I hear
What I smell
What I feel
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Guidelines for writing haiku’s You will write a haiku about the Native
American experience based on one of the four scenes you just viewed. Use the information you recorded on the handouts to generate ideas for your haiku
Haikus contain three lines consisting of 17 syllables: 5 in the first line, 7 in the second line, 5 in the third
Haiku must be written in first person, write as if you are in the picture.
You must illustrate your haiku with at least one drawing
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Native American Haiku
SHOT’S HEARD, NATIVES FALLBABIES CRY FOR THEIR MOTHERSGUN POWDER, BURNT FLESH….
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What impact did the Railroads have on America?
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What challenges did the Transcontinental Railroad create? Railroads had trouble raising
funds Conflicts with Native Americans Building over rough terrain
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Who worked on the railroad and why was it hard?
Irish and Chinese immigrants found jobs
Chinese workers were paid lower wages than whites and were targets of racism
Workers were killed in Indian Attacks, dynamite accidents, and avalanches
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Why were Railroads the lifelines in the west?
Travel time between the two coasts shrank from 4 months to 10 days.
Railroads encouraged settlement by making land available to farm families
Towns sprang up Railroads served the transportation
needs of new industries like mining and lumbering
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How did the Railroad have a positive impact on America?
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American Progress
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Farmers Rise up1. Farmers
struggled because they could not earn enough to pay off expensive loans and pay high rates to use the railroads.
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2. What group of people did the protest movement populism favor?
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3. What did the Interstate Commerce Commission force railroads to do?
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4. Under the gold standard, what did every paper dollar in circulation have to be backed
by?.
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5. What did Greenbackers want gov’t to do in order to fuel inflation?
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6. How did inflation help farmers?
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7. What were two issues that the Populist party forght for?.
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8. What political party favored the gold standard?
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9. What Democratic nominee for President condemned the gold standard?
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10. What was the long term effect of the populist party?
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