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Unit 4: Cells, Tissues, Organs & Systems Chapter 10: “The cell is the basic unit of life.”

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Page 1: Unit 4: Cells, Tissues, Organs & Systemsbethpowerhomework.weebly.com › uploads › 1 › 4 › 9 › 3 › 14932998 › … · Unit 4: Cells, Tissues, Organs & Systems ... •Found

Unit 4: Cells, Tissues,

Organs & Systems

Chapter 10: “The cell is the basic unit of life.”

Page 2: Unit 4: Cells, Tissues, Organs & Systemsbethpowerhomework.weebly.com › uploads › 1 › 4 › 9 › 3 › 14932998 › … · Unit 4: Cells, Tissues, Organs & Systems ... •Found

Cells & Living Things

What are living things made of?

Early idea: all living things are made of air, fire and water

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Now: all living things are made of cells (cell theory)

Cell: the basic, functional unit of life

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Characteristics of Living Things

All living things...

1. Grow

2. Move

3. Respond to stimuli

4. Reproduce

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Growth

•A result of the cells in your body increasing in number

•New cells will grow to replace old cells that die.

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Movement

•A change in position, shape or location (locomotion)

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Respond to Stimuli

•Stimulus: anything that causes an organism to react.

•Maybe external or internal

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Identify the stimulus & response

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Reproduction

•Producing more of the same kind (offspring)

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The Compound Light Microscope

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PART FUNCTION

Eyepiece

Body tube (barrel)

Coarse adjustment knob

Fine adjustment knob

Objective lenses

Revolving nosepiece

Stage

Iris diaphragm

Light source

Base

Arm

The Compound Light Microscope

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Total Magnification...

power of objective lens

power of eyepiece lens

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Core Lab Activity 10-1A

Setting Up and Using a Microscope

Pg.384-5

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The Cell Theory states:

•The cell is the basic unit of life.

•All living things are made of one or more cells.

•All cells come from other living cells.

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Cell Organelles...

Cell membrane:

•Found in both plant and animal cells

•Surrounds and protects the contents of the cell

•Controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell

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Cytoplasm:

•Found in both plant and animal cells

•Jell-like fluid that in which the organelles float

•Helps to move materials like food to different parts of the cell

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Cell wall:

•Found only in plant cells

•Tough, rigid structure that give plant cells their box-like shape

•Made mostly of cellulose

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Nucleus:

•Found in both plant and animal cells

•Large round structure often visible

•Contains the chromosomes

•The “control centre” of the cell

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Vacuole:

•Balloon-like spaces in the cytoplasm

•Store materials that can not be used right away

•Found in both plant and animal cells (smaller and more numerous in animal cells)

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Mitochondrion:

•Oval, bean-like structures

•Produces energy by breaking down food particles

•Found in both plant and animal cells

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Chloroplast:

•Green structures that contain chlorophyll

•Capture the sun’s energy for photosynthesis

•Found only in plant cells

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PLANT ANIMALCell membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell wall Brick shape Round shape

Nucleus

Vacuole Large & few Small & many

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

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Plant vs. Animal Cells

Vacuole

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Dividing Cells

•Necessary for growth and reproduction

•Will replace cells that are dead or in need of repair

•How does this happen?

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Mitosis

•Occurs in body cells (somatic cells) not in sex cells (egg and sperm cells)

•Bacteria cells reproduce in this matter

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Energy for Cells

•Cells need energy for all life processes.

•Energy is stored in food called glucose (a type of sugar)

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•To release energy cells must carry out cellularrespiration. Here the energy is converted to another form of energy.

•Takes place in the mitochondrion.

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•Most energy is released as heat.

•Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration.

•Carbon dioxide and watervapour are waste gases produced. These are removed from the cell.