unit 4 final deliverable

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Unit 4: Writing

Paraphrasing and Summarizing

Designers for Learning

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Module Objectives

1. Summarize a piece of writing.

2. Avoid plagiarizing when writing a summary

or paraphrasing work.

3. Identify relevant information.


Given a spice of fiction or non-fiction writing learners should be able to:

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We Will Cover Three Sections


• What are they and how can I write an effective one?

Writing Summaries:

• Why it is important and how to properly cite quotes and texts

Avoiding Plagiarism:

• The process and the purposeIdentifying relevant

information

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Section 1: Writing Summaries

Have you ever heard someone say, “to make a long story short . . .” or “Tell me the short version . . .” before they tell a brief experience or story?

This “short version of the story” is almost the same thing as summarizing.

Summarizing means “a brief account giving the main points of something” (Dictionary.com). Being able to summarize in your writing is extremely important, not just for the GED test but also if you want people to take your speaking and writing seriously at work or in the community.

In this mini-lesson, you should be able to answer these questions:• How do you write a summary?• What makes an effective summary?


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Summarizing at the Movies

1. Think about a movie you’ve seen recently.

2. Think of someone you care about who maybe hasn’t seen the movie (one of your children or a friend).

3. Grab a paper and pencil and write about the story so that if you read your summary to them, they would have a good idea of what the movie is about.

4. See what you can do in 5 minutes. Ready, go!


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Elements of a Good Summary

There are a few important points to make sure you include in your summaries.

Without these important elements, it can be difficult for your readers to understand what your summary is saying. As you view this video, take notes as to what the most important points are in effective summaries. “How to Write a Summary” (3 min and 5 s).

[If the link does not take you to the Web site, copy and paste the following URL into your browser: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGWO1ldEhtQ ]


Video: How to Write a Summary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGWO1ldEhtQ




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Important Note About Paraphrasing

In the video, the speaker said not to use direct quotes in your summary but only to use your own words (paraphrasing).

On the GED test, however, using a direct quote is not only allowed but is also important when writing a summary.

In Section 2: Avoiding Plagiarism, we will provide further details about how to do this correctly.


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Check Your Knowledge

Answer these questions about summaries; then, click on the arrow to see the correct answers. Review the video, “How to Write a Summary”, if you need help answering the questions.

1. Good summaries can be long or short. A. True

B. False

2. Good summaries include ALL of the following except:A. Must be clear to someone who hasn’t read or seen the material

B. Includes your opinion about the text and how you feel about it

C. Hits all the main points

D. Includes the title or author of the text you are summarizing

When you are finished, proceed to the next slide to check your answers.




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Answers

1. False. Good summaries are always short.

2. B. B is the only answer that is NOT true because summaries should not include your own opinion or personal viewpoint. The goal of summarizing is for you to explain in a short and simple way what someone else is saying.


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How to Write a Summary

We’ve talked about what makes a good summary, but what steps can you take to actually write one?

As you read the text you will be summarizing, ask yourself: • What is the main idea?• What are the most important supporting ideas to the main idea? • How can I tell the “short version” of this?

Throughout this entire module, we will be using this article, Rise of the Machines, to talk about summaries, citing, and finding relevant information. Before you go to the next slide, please read the article carefully.

All done? Great! You can move on to the next slide.


http://static.squarespace.com/static/52eec360e4b0c81c80749630/t/544d8250e4b0dbc1bb9e4dae/1414365776692/AoW%201415_11%20Artificial%20Intelligence.pdf

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Summarizing: Guided Practice

If you read a text knowing you are going to need to summarize it, or if you have finished a text and are asked to summarize what you’ve read, then these steps can be helpful.

As you view this video, take notes as to how the person thinks through how he would write his summary of the article you read. Do you agree with his approach? “Summarizing an Article”

(3 min and 15 s).

[If the link does not take you to the Web site, copy and paste the following URL into your browser: http://youtu.be/MlHmWhzNMYg ]


Video: Summarizing an Article

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlHmWhzNMYg&feature=youtu.be

http://youtu.be/MlHmWhzNMYg



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Now it is your turn to practice.

Read the article, Music Streaming is Here to Stay by Olufunmilayo B. Arewa, and then write a summary of it.

When you are finished, go to the next slide and assess how well you did.


When you are finished, proceed to the next slide to check your answers.

http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/11/06/is-streaming-good-for-musicians/music-streaming-is-here-to-stay

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Answers

Grade yourself in the following categories:

1. Is my summary clear to someone who hasn’t read or seen the article?

2. Did I include the main points from the article?

3. Is my summary brief and to the point?

4. Did I include the title or author of the article?

5. Did I summarize what the author wrote without including my own opinion?


14Designers for Learning

Moving On: Section 2

• What are they and how can I write an effective one?Section 1

Writing Summaries:

• Why it is important and how to properly cite quotes and textsSection 2


• The process and the purposeSection 3

Identifying relevant information


PlagiarismImagine there is a song writing contest in which you could win a prize. Since song writing is your specialty, you’ve decided to give it a try. You worked extremely hard and spent all week working on it to make it perfect. It’s original, different and no one has ever heard of it before. You turn it in and you win!

Let’s say someone decides to use your song for inspiration since there is a another song writing contest in a few months. They turned in the same exact song you wrote and took the credit for it.

This is a form of plagiarism!

Using someone else’s work and ideas and not giving credit is plagiarism.

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What Do We Already Know About Plagiarizing?

Some things that may come to mind are:

It’s unacceptable.

It’s unoriginal.

There are consequences.

Let’s take a look at this comic strip.

We can clearly tell that the father is not aware of what it means to plagiarize. Not only did he fail to properly cite his sources from his own work, he also fails to realize that allowing someone else to copy your work is also considered plagiarizing.


http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/

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Plagiarizing Is…

How can it affect you?

Plagiarizing can cause you to be dismissed from a school, receive

a failing grade, and in some cases, cause legal problems for

you.


Not giving the appropriate credit to the sources (articles, books, sites, text etc.) that you are using as

references

Only swamping a few words within the text

Copying other people’s work

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Let’s say you need to write a summary on an article about M.L.K. What could you do to avoid plagiarizing the article?

Select the one that applies.

Would you:

1. Use the author’s ideas

2. Copy word for word

3. Include question marks when directly quoting

4. Change a few words


When you are finished, proceed to the next slide to check your answer.


Answer

3. To avoid plagiarizing the article, including question marks when directly quoting any information from the article is necessary.

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Ways to Avoid Plagiarism Some steps that will make you successful to avoid plagiarizing

when summarizing and/or paraphrasing are:

1. Always cite your sources.

2. Do not copy word for word.

3. Use your own words to translate the information.

4. Keep track of your sources.

5. Include the page numbers you reference from within

sentences.

6. If it includes a name, time, place, and important

event, cite, cite, cite!

7. Use quotation marks when directly copying information.

Take a look at this article and summary example provided by Gallaudet University. Did they paraphrase the author’s ideas in their own words and avoid plagiarizing?


http://www.gallaudet.edu/tip/english_center/writing/abstracts_and_summaries/sample_of_a_news_article_summary.html


Guided Practice: Plagiarizing

Let’s review the summary from earlier.

What steps were taken in the article that

avoided plagiarizing?

• Did they give credit to the author?

• Did they use quotation marks in the

appropriate areas?

“Citing an Article” (3min and 29s).

[If the link does not take you to the web site, copy and paste the following URL into your

browser: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgZ0oA-75pE ]

Video: Citing an Article

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgZ0oA-75pE



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Your turn to practice!

Pull out the Rise of the Machines article from your packet.

Highlight sections one and seven from the article that provide information that are properly citing the author’s ideas.

Once you have completed highlighting, continue to the next slide to check your work.





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Answers

In the first section of the Rise of the Machines (How smart are today’s computers ?) article, you should have highlighted the underlined sections below:

They can tackle increasingly complex tasks with an almost human-like intelligence. Microsoft has developed an Xbox game console that can assess a player's mood by analyzing his or her facial expressions, and in 2011, IBM's Watson supercomputer won Jeopardy — a quiz show that often requires contestants to interpret humorous plays on words. These developments have brought us closer to the holy grail of computer science: artificial intelligence, or a machine that's capable of thinking for itself, rather than just responding to commands. But what happens if computers achieve “superintelligence” — massively outperforming humans not just in science and math but in artistic creativity and even social skills? Nick Bostrom, director of the Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, believes we could be sleepwalking into a future in which computers are no longer obedient tools but a dominant species with no interest in the survival of the human race. “Once unsafe superintelligence is developed,” Bostrom warned, “we can't put it back in the bottle.”





Answers

In the seventh section of the Rise of the Machines (When robots learn to die) article, you should have highlighted the underlined sections below:

In 2009, Swiss researchers carried out a robotic experiment that produced some unexpected results. Hundreds of robots were placed in arenas and programmed to look for a “food source”; in this case, a light-colored ring. The robots were able to communicate with one another and were instructed to direct their fellow machines to the food by emitting a blue light. But as the experiment went on, researchers noticed that the machines were evolving to become more secretive and deceitful: When they found food, the robots stopped shining their lights and instead began hoarding the resources — even though nothing in their original programming commanded them to do so. The implication is that the machines learned “self-preservation,” said Louis Del Monte, author of The Artificial Intelligence Revolution. “Whether or not they're conscious is a moot point.”




Last Section: Section 3

• What are they and how can I write an effective one?Section 1

Writing Summaries:

• Why it is important and how to properly cite quotes and textsSection 2


• The process and the purposeSection 3

Identifying relevant information


Section 3: Identifying Relevant Information

Here are key steps you can take when identifying relevant information in an informative text.

Read Carefully • What type of vocabulary is in the

text?• What are the definitions?• Who is it about?• What is it about?• When did it take place?

Look Out for Clues• What evidence is proved?• What are the details that support

the main idea?• Refer back to the title?• Refer back to the question?• How did the main events occur?• Key words?• Does the topic connect with the

details?

Identify the Main Ideas• What is the text trying to say?• What are the main points?• What would you consider important

information?• What is the topic of the text?

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Questioning Relevant Information

Think about it for a minute…


What type of questions should we ask ourselves while reading when trying to identify relevant information?

What information are we searching for?

What would you consider important information right off the bat? (Are there facts?)

What is the concept or idea behind the text?

What is the claim or argument the author is trying to make? (What is his/her point?)


Relevant Information

• Important

• Related

• Compatible

• Fitting

• Pertaining to

• Referring to

• Significant

• Useful

Relevant information will help you select certain information that relates to the main topic, question or idea that is provided.


Irrelevant Information

• Pointless

• Inappropriate

• Not connected

• Off the point

• Not important

• Useless

information

Irrelevant Information does not obtain the necessary information you need to determine the main idea of a story or to answer a question that may be provided.


Let’s Take a Look Below... In the following job descriptions, what is considered relevant information?

Darren is a fitness instructor at a community college. He has worked as an instructor at the college for 10 years. His goal as an instructor is to help his students achieve inner piece. He loves to watch movies on his free time.

Gretchen is a public speaker. She travels around the world giving presentations to a variety of audiences. Her travel time is between 3 to 12 hours depending on the location. Her favorite place to eat while traveling is Burger King. Gretchen works 80 hours a week.


Answers



Take a look at the underlined areas. Is this what you thought was considered relevant to the job descriptions?

If you did, great job! You are correct.


Let’s Try Again…In the following job descriptions, what is considerd irrelevant information?




Answers



Take a look at the underlined areas. Is this what you thought was considered irrelevant to the job descriptions?

If you did, great job! You are correct.


Check Your Knowledge:

You may be thinking, how do I decide what information is considered relevant?

Let’s go back to the Rise of the Machines article.

As we can see and hear in the video, the student is identifying what the relevant and irrelevant information could be in this article.

“Identifying Relevant Information in an Article” (5 min 18 s)

[If the link does not take you to the Web site, copy and paste the following URL into your browser: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHgv00GtB5U ]

Video :Identifying Relevant Information in an Article



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHgv00GtB5U






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Module Summary: Key Points

A. Summaries must be clear, include main points, and include the title or author of the text you are summarizing.

B. Always cite sources you are using to avoid plagiarizing.

C. Always include quotation marks when directly quoting from text.

D. When reviewing informational text (articles, newspapers, handouts, textbooks), think about the message the author is trying to convey.

E. Read carefully and think about the question presented if any.

F. And most important, think about what information is considered essential in the informational text.


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Module Assessment

Step 1. Read the article “You Might Be Allergic to Penicillin” from Science Daily provided by your tutor.

Step 2. Using relevant information, summarize the article using your own words without plagiarizing.

Once you have completed the activities, check your results with your tutor.



Module Complete!

You have now completed the tutorial!

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Module Links

A. “How to Write a Summary”. YouTube video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGWO1ldEhtQ

B. “Rise of the Machines” article. PDF on the web. http://bit.ly/1u1YePc

C. “Summarizing an Article”. YouTube video. http://youtu.be/MlHmWhzNMYg

D. “Music Streaming is Here to Stay”. New York Times Website. http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/11/06/is-streaming-good-for-musicians/music-streaming-is-here-to-stay

E. “Sample of a News Article Summary”. Gallaudet University. http://www.gallaudet.edu/tip/english_center/writing/abstracts_and_summaries/sample_of_a_news_article_summary.html

F. “Citing an Article”. YouTube video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgZ0oA-75pE

G. “Identifying Relevant Information”. YouTube video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHgv00GtB5U

H. “You Might Be Allergic to Penicillin”. Science Daily. http://bit.ly/1xrSbUX



http://bit.ly/1u1YePc








http://bit.ly/1xrSbUX

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References

A. Brewster, E. (Ed.). (1988, March 14). Sample of A News Article Summary. Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://www.gallaudet.edu/tip/english_center/writing/abstracts_and_summaries/sample_of_a_news_article_summary.html

B. Rise of the machines. (2014, October 14). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://theweek.com/article/index/269989/rise-of-the-machines

C. American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI). (2014, November 7). You might be allergic to penicillin; then again, you may not. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 6, 2014 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141107091214.htm

D. What is Plagiarism? (n.d.). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism

E. AVIDWeekly, Marking the Text, (n.d.). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://www.sps186.org/downloads/blurbs/23663/Marking The Text.pdf

F. Olufunmilayo B., A. (2014, November 7). Music Streaming Is Here to Stay! Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/11/06/is-streaming-good-for-musicians/music-streaming-is-here-to-stay

G. (n.d.). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/relevant(n.d.). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/summary

H. (n.d.). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/plagiarismI. Zheng, X. (2009). Chinese cute girl [Online Image]. Creative Commons Attribution Share-

Alike 2.0. Retrieved December 7, 2014 from http://www.freestockphotos.biz/stockphoto/9382 Designers for Learning




http://theweek.com/article/index/269989/rise-of-the-machines

http://theweek.com/article/index/269989/rise-of-the-machines

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141107091214.htm

http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism

http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism

http://www.sps186.org/downloads/blurbs/23663/Marking%20The%20Text.pdf

http://www.sps186.org/downloads/blurbs/23663/Marking%20The%20Text.pdf




http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/summary

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/summary

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/plagiarism

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/plagiarism

http://www.freestockphotos.biz/stockphoto/9382

unit 4 final deliverable

Documents

learning video

effective summary

important points

effective summaries

important elements

truefalsegood summaries

writing learners

piece of writing