unit 4 section 1 notes what is matter?. chemistry chemistry: the study of matter and how it changes...
DESCRIPTION
Matter Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space Examples of matter: people rocks air The following are NOT matter because: they have no mass & don’t take up space light sound electricity timeTRANSCRIPT
Unit 4 Section 1 Notes
What is Matter?
Chemistry
Chemistry: The study of matter and how it changes
Examples of how we use chemistry everyday: Cell phones soap food clothes
Matter
Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space
Examples of matter: people rocks air
The following are NOT matter because: they have no mass & don’t take up space light sound electricity time
Elements
Elements: substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Examples: Helium Silver Neon
If it is on the PERIODIC TABLE of the ELEMENTS, it’s an element!
Elements are made up of atoms.
Atoms: smallest particle of an element that still has properties of an element
Examples of substances made of atoms of the same element: Diamonds: made of carbon Foil: made of aluminum
Elements on the Periodic Table:
In 1760, there were only 16 known elements because scientists at the time weren’t clear of the nature of gases. Each element has its own symbol, made up on one or two letters. If there are 2 letters, the first one is ALWAYS capital and the second is ALWAYS lowercase. The current standard table contains 118 confirmed elements. Each element behaves differently & uniquely from each other.
Examples:
Hydrogen: HCarbon: COxygen: OSodium: NaGold: Au
Compounds
Compounds: substances made of atoms of more than 1 element joined together.
Examples: Sugar: C12H22O11: Made of the elements
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Human Body: contains oxygen, nitrogen,
sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen, etc. (Most of the elements exist as compounds instead of as free elements floating in the body.)
Compounds
Every compound is unique and different from the elements it is made from. Think of NaCl.
Picture of Sodium metal
Picture of Chlorine gas
Picture of table salt
Video of Sodium in Water
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTFBXJ3Zd_4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAFcZo8dTcU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTcgo46nxNE
Molecules
Molecules: smallest unit of a compound that still behaves like the compound.
Examples:Water, H2O, is 1
molecule of water; if you take away an atom of hydrogen or oxygen, it is no longer water.
Oxygen, O2 molecules can also be made of atoms of the same element O2 is called a diatomic
molecule
Chemical Formula
Chemical Formula: the chemical symbols and numbers indicating the atoms contained in the basic unit of a substance.
Subscripts
Subscripts: tells the number of atoms of each element in a compound.
Examples: H2O water, contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen
atomCO2 carbon dioxide, contains 1 carbon atoms and 2
oxygen atomsC3H8O rubbing alcohol, contains 3 carbon atoms, 8
hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom.3CO2: the number in front is called a coefficient and
tells how many molecules there are of that compound.
Pure Substances
Pure substance: any matter that has a fixed composition and definite properties
There are 2 types of pure substances:1. Elements2. Compounds
Pure Substances
Examples of pure substances: Carbon – elementCarbon – element Methane, CHMethane, CH44 – compound – compound Silver – elementSilver – element Neon – elementNeon – element Carbon dioxide, COCarbon dioxide, CO22 – compound – compound Water, HWater, H22O - compoundO - compound
Mixtures
Mixtures: a combination of pure a combination of pure substances; can be physically separated substances; can be physically separated into partsinto parts
Examples salad: can separate lettuce, tomato, onionsalad: can separate lettuce, tomato, onion grape juicegrape juice air we breathe: 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen air we breathe: 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen
(other 1% carbon dioxide, argon, helium, and (other 1% carbon dioxide, argon, helium, and neon)neon)
There are 2 types of mixtures:
1. Homogeneous mixtures: mixtures that are uniformly mixed
Examples: salt water, kool-aid, air we breathe
We say that homogeneous mixtures are miscible, which means solids, liquids, or gases that can be mixed
There are 2 types of mixtures: (continued)
2. Heterogeneous mixtures: mixtures that are NOT uniformly mixed
Examples: flour and water, Italian dressing
We say that heterogeneous mixtures are immiscible, which means they don’t completely mix, can often see layers
Graphic Organizer for Matter
Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Elements Compounds Homogeneous Mixture
HeterogeneousMixture