UNIT 4: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

1) CAUSES:

IDEOLOGICAL

POLITICAL

ECONOMICAL

SOCIALLuís XVI

2) THE BEGINNINGS:

Uprising of nobility: they force the notification for States-General.

Uprising of bourgeoisie: they claim the vote per person

Uprising of working people: Storming of Bastille, (July, the 14th) and the Great Fear

3) THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (1789-1791)

Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen: they are free & equal in the eyes of law. National sovereignty.

Constitution of 1791

EXECUTIVE POWER

THE KING

Hereditary.

Right of veto for 2 terms of office

LEGISLATURE POWER

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

THE JUDICIARY

COURTS

Voters Assembly

Primary Assembly

ELECTIONS: CENSUS SUFFRAGEOnly active citizens can vote: they pay direct tax equivalent to 3 days of work

Justice of the peace

4) THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (1791-1792)

Royal family tries to flee (Varennes Night)

5) THE CONVENTION (1792-1794): A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

The Girondist Convention (September 1792 - June 1793)

NEW SYMBOLS

The Jacobin Convention (June 1793 - July 1794)

Robespierre

Guillotine

A new Constitution (1793): universal suffrage,

popular sovereign and pre-eminence of executive

power (Committee of Public Safety: Robespierre).

Imposition of Reign of Terror: they suspend

constitutional guarantees.

They set: Law of Maximum prices; free and public

primary education; new calendar and Unchristian

State

6) THE DIRECTORY (1795-1799)

Thermidor coup d’etat (July 1794): it means the end of Convention period.New Constitution (year III): more moderate (Census suffrage. Two-chamber system. Directory holds executive power).18 Brumaire coup d’etat: Napoleon named himself a Consul

FROM REVOLUTION TO EMPIRE

1800: Napoleon names himself Consul for life.

Main reforms: new Civil Code; creation of Bank of France; he promotes public education.

1804: He proclaims himself Emperor.

He tries to build an European State under his rule. Also, to spread Revolutionary Institutions in Europe.

Military initiatives: Continental blockade to Great Britain; invasion of Spain; invasion of Russia.

He is defeated in 1814: He is exiled to Elba island.

He returns: Empire of 100 days.

Napoleon was finally defeated: Battle of Waterloo.

SPAIN: OCCUPATION AND LIBERATION

1805

TREATY OF FONTAINEBLEAU 1807

CARLOS IV FAMILY

MANUEL GODOY

THE SPANISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

FRANCISCO DE GOYA