Chapter 4:Among the factors leading to the outbreak of WWII in Europe, which is more significant:Hitlers epansionist polic! or the polic! of appeasement" #a$or e%ents from the end of WWI to the outbreak of WWII in EuropeFailure of disarmamentThe Abyssinian CrisisWeakness of the &eague of 'ationsDisarmament was seen as the most efective way to prevent another world war and to establish world peace.Successes achieved due to eforts of individual powers, not the League.Weakness of the &eague of 'ations ( )isarmamentWeakness of the &eague of 'ations ( )isarmamentWeakness of the &eague of 'ations ( )isarmamentThe failure of disarmament showed how important the involvement of USA was USA commanded more respect than the League itself.t also showed that the leaders of the League were more interested in protecting their self!interests than imposing the will of the League.All these reduced the credibility of the L"#.Weakness of the &eague of 'ations ( )isarmamentThe failure to achieve disarmament meant that powerful countries still had the military capacity for war, and that there was nothing stopping them from engaging in con$icts.%y the &'()s, the inability of the powers to trust each other and wor* towards disarmament contributed to a general atmosphere of distrust and tension which eventually led to ++.Weakness of the &eague of 'ations ( )isarmamentWeakness of the &eague of 'ations * the Ab!ssinian CrisisFascist Italy wanted to build up its empire.Decided to take land near colonies that already belonged to Italy.Abyssinia had borders with two smaller Italian colonies and would be a link uniting them into one large territory.I assert that the problem submitted to the Assembly today is a much wider one. It is not merely a question of the settlement of the Italian aggression. It is collective security: it is the very existence of the League of Nations.From Abyssinian Emperor Haile elaissie!s speech to the "eague of #ations in $une %&'( Do you agree that the e)istence of the "eague was at stake* during the crisis in Abyssinia+,hy do you think so+Weakness of the &eague of 'ations * the Ab!ssinian CrisisWeakness of the &eague of 'ations * the Ab!ssinian Crisis,hen -ussolini in.aded in %&'/* Abyssinian emperor appealed to "eague for help."eague was faced with a dilemma0Italy was clearly in the wrong.1ut* 1ritain and France were allies with Italy under the tresa Front* and they did not want to make an enemy of Italy.o* "eague did little to discourage Italy0Imposed sanctions on Italy.1ut failed to decisi.ely place an immediate ban on oil e)ports to Italy.Weakness of the &eague of 'ations * the Ab!ssinian Crisis1y the time "eague decided2Italy had already anne)ed large parts of Abyssinia.The Abyssinian emperor was forced into e)ile.1ritain and France held secret talks with Italy0The Hoare3"a.al 4act.5a.e Italy two3thirds of Abyssinia.Italy!s success in Abyssinia spelt the "eague!s failure0Failure of "eague to control Italy 6and $apan in %&'%7* meant it lost all respect and effecti.eness.Weakness of the &eague of 'ations * the Ab!ssinian CrisisThe failure of the "eague in handling the Abyssinian crisis effecti.ely reduced its credibility.5ermany* Italy and $apan realised that there was no world body to police their acti.ities and therefore their plan of con8uering and getting more land could be achie.ed 8uite easily.eeing how easily $apan and Italy got away with aggression simply whetted the appetite of 5ermany.5ermany thus went on to in.ade 4oland* leading to ,,II. Weakness of the &eague of 'ations * the Ab!ssinian CrisisHitlers epansionist polic!+ene%a )isarmament Conference ,-./5ermany ad.ocated either parity or disarmament4arity 0 5ermany allowed to rearm up to the le.el of other countriesDisarmament 0 9ther countries disarm down to 5ermany!s le.el#o country was willing to resort to either of 5ermany!s demands9ct %&'' 0 Hitler pulled 5ermany out of the conferencehortly after* it withdrew from the "eague of #ationsHitler went on to increase 5ermany!s military capabilities towards achie.ing his e)pansionist aims.Hitlers epansionist polic! *Withdrawal from the &eague of 'ations and the +ene%a )isarmament ConferenceFrom %&''3':* the #a;is stepped up on their secret rearmament and conscription programme.1y-arch %&'/* 5ermany possessed a rst step towards their annihilationA -ussia?Hitlers epansionist polic! * 1udeten CrisisGermans in Sudetenland thanking Hitler!+he real triumph is that it has shown that representatives of four great powers can ,nd it possible to agree on a way of carrying out a di-cult and delicate operation by discussion instead of by force of arms..Impact of #unich AgreementC3echoslo%akia crippled 3 loss of resources increased .ulnerability e)posed to 5erman threat0ussia felt threatened in 5erman e)pansion eastwardsrealised that Allies cannot be relied onopen way for #a;i3o.iet 4act %&'&howed weakness of Allies3 unable to see Hitler!s greed by making a separate agreement* Allies were weakening collecti.e security as proposed by "eague of #ationsHitlers epansionist polic! * 1udeten CrisisGERMAN INVASION OF CZECHOSOVA!IAGERMAN INVASION OF CZECHOSOVA!IAA.erman soldiers poured into 8;ech in 2ar &'('A:or the >rst time, ,itler had ta*en over lands where non!.erman livedAUnli*e previously, he could not hide his evil intentions under the pretense of uniting the .ermansHitlers epansionist polic! * C3echoslo%akiaAccording to the agreement* the o.iets and 5ermans would not fight each other in the e.ent of war in Europe.They also agreed to di.ide 4oland between themsel.es. Hitlers epansionist polic! * 'a3i(1o%iet 'on(Aggression 4act,ho is represented in this cartoon+,hy might the countries represented dislike each other+Hitlers epansionist polic! * 'a3i(1o%iet 'on(Aggression 4actAWho is represented0AHitler and talin* who represent 5ermany and ?ussiaAThe body on the ground represents 4oland* apt since that country was geographically between 5ermany and ?ussia and they agreed to di.ide it between themAWh! +erman! and 0ussia might dislike each other0AHitler!s openly published book* (ein )ampf6%&ghting a war on = frontsHitlers epansionist polic! * 'a3i(1o%iet 'on(Aggression 4act-easons for signing the #a;i!Soviet @actStalin"AAid not trust the Allies, esp. when the USS- was not consulted in the signing of the 2unich Agreement.AThought that the Allies were encouraging ,itler to eBpand into