unit 4. warming-up reading language in use project culture tips homework

Unit

4

Warming-up

Reading

Language in Use

Project

Culture Tips

Homework

Warming-upListening and Speaking

A. Listen to a story about judging people by their appearances and then answer the following questions. Take notes while you are listening.

1. What did the lady and her husband look like?

2. How did the secretary treat the couple? Why?

3. What did the couple want to do?

4. Why did the President refuse the couple’s request?

5. What happened as a result of the refusal?

They looked like country people. The lady wore a faded grey dress and her husband was dressed in an ordinary suit.

The secretary ignored them, because they were dressed badly and looked like poor people.

They wanted to give a building to Harvard as a memorial to their son.

Because the President judged by their appearance that the couple were poor people and couldn’t afford a building.

The couple established a university that bears their name—Stanford University.

Warming-up B. Listen to the recording again. There are five characters in the story. What kind of persons are they? Describe them one by one in the following table.

Characters Description

The President

The secretary

The couple

The couple’s son

Snobbish. Judge people by their appearance. Cold-hearted.

Judge people by their appearances.

Love their son deeply. Live humbly and possess a lot of wealth.

Was a Harvard student. Died young.

Warming-upC. Speaking

1. What have you learned from this story?

2. Do you know any similar story? If yes, tell your partner.

BACK


A lady in a faded grey dress and her husband, dressed in an ordinary suit walked in timidly without an appointment into the Harvard University President’s outer office. The secretary could tell in a moment that these country people had no business at Harvard and probably didn’t even deserve to be in Harvard. “We want to see the President,” the man said softly. “He will be busy all day,” the secretary replied. “We will wait,” the lady said. For hours the secretary ignored them, hoping that the couple would finally become discouraged and go away. They didn’t and the secretary grew frustrated and finally decided to disturb the President. “Maybe if you see them for a few minutes, they’ll leave,” she said to him. The President, stern-faced and with dignity, walked towards the couple.

Scripts: Don’t judge people by their appearances


The lady told him, “We had a son who attended Harvard for one year. He loved Harvard. He was happy here. But about a year ago, he was accidentally killed. My husband and I would like to erect a memorial to him, somewhere on campus.” The President wasn’t touched. He was shocked. “Madam,” he said, “we can’t put up a statue for every person who attended Harvard and died. If we did, this place would look like a cemetery.” “Oh, no,” the lady explained quickly. “We don’t want to erect a statue. We thought we would like to give a building to Harvard.” The President rolled his eyes. He glanced at their dress and suit, and then exclaimed, “A building? Do you have any earthly idea how much a building costs? We have over seven and a half million dollars in the physical buildings here at Harvard. ”



For a moment the lady was silent. The President was pleased. Maybe he could get rid of them now. The lady turned to her husband and said quietly, “Is that all it costs to start a university? Why don’t we just start our own?” Her husband nodded. The President’s face wilted in confusion and puzzlement. Mr. and Mrs. Leland Stanford got up and walked away, travelling to Palo Alto, California where they established the University that bears their name—Stanford University, a memorial to a son that Harvard no longer cared about. Most of the time we judge people by their outer appearance, which can be misleading. And in this impression only we tend to treat people badly by thinking they can do nothing for us and thus we tend to lose our potential good friends, employees or customers.


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Warming-up D. Listen to the song The Beauty in Ugly (the theme song of a popular American comedy-drama TV series Ugly Betty) and complete the following lyrics.

BACK

1. She’s so big-____________ But not so ____________ Just an ordinary ____________ girl Expecting nothing as we’re made to think It’s a pretty person’s world

2. Well if you wanna get free And if you wanna do the _________ thing And if you wanna get ___________ For the sake of your heart and all You should own your ___________ And stand up tall and get real

And see the beauty in ____________

3. You are fresh Your face is ____________ Don’t forget you’re _______ When nobody’s checking the deeds you’ve done And nobody’s hearing your cries You make all the fashion statements Just by ____________ your mind

Reading

Pre-reading TasksPre-reading Tasks

Reading ComprehensionReading Comprehension

After-reading TasksAfter-reading Tasks

BACK

Reading

Pre-reading Pre-reading TasksTasks

Before you read, discuss the following questions in groups: There is a famous saying, “Beauty is only skin deep.” Howdo you understand this saying? What does it mean? Is beauty really only skin deep?

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Reading

Reading Reading ComprehensionComprehension

Is Beauty Only Skin Deep?

1 Attractive children (and adults) are treated more positively—even by those who know them! One study, for example, showed that unattractive young boys were likely to be rejected by their school peers. Moreover, thelikelihood that they would be rejected increased as the boys became better acquainted. If you’re ugly, the better I know you, the less I like you!

2 Maybe for little kids, you might say. But adults are wiser. We know not to judge a book by its cover. Or, do we?

Reading


3 What is it that attracts us, when we are drawn to someone—especially someone of the opposite sex? What is behind that feeling of attraction? Scientists studying the “laws of attraction” conclude that we tend to be attracted to people we are near; studies have shown thateven small distances have a far bigger impact on the quality of our relationships than we would imagine. Because we fear rejection, we also like people who like us. But most important, we like people who are physically attractive.

4 Researchers at the University of Minnesota invited 376 college students to a dance, where they expected to meet someone, who had been specifically selected for them—someone with shared interests, a similar background and a compatible personality. In reality, they were paired off by chance. When they later rated how well they got along with their blind date, the researchers discovered that only onevariable had significantly influenced whether or not they liked the person they met—physical attractiveness. The better looking, the more their partners liked them.

Reading


5 Let’s just face it: people are drawn to attractive people. We all know that physical attractiveness does not guarantee goodness. However, our human nature leads us to assume that goodlooking people are also better people. This bias is so innate, that even kindergarteners believe it.

6 A study was conducted using a kindergarten class with two teachers, one beautiful and the other merely ordinary, a “plain Jane”. The two teachers taught an identical lesson. The kindergarteners were then asked, “Which teacher did you like better?” The children chose the attractive teacher. “Why did you like her better?” the researchers asked. “Because she is smart,” the children said. “How do you know she is smart?” the researchers asked. “Because she is pretty.”

Reading


7 Many studies reveal our bias in favour of good-looking people. We believe that attractive people have other equally desirable characteristics—such as intelligence, talent, and social skill. We don’t assume, however, that the attractive people possess a strong moralcharacter. Nonetheless, the positives outweigh the negatives. Attractive people are more likely to be hired, even when other (less attractive) individuals have the identical qualifications, and they are more likely to receive a higher salary! They also have a better chance of paying alower fine, when convicted of misconduct.

8 But, isn’t beauty in the eye of the beholder? Not exactly.

Reading


9 What is considered attractive cuts across ethnic and cultural lines. People all over the world tend to agree on who is and who is not attractive! Men all over the world prefer symmetrical faces, “feminine” (but not childish) features such as big eyes, small nose, and full lips, along with “mature” features such as prominent cheekbones, narrow cheeks and a big smile.

10 Women are tougher to pin down. At times, womentend to prefer the friendly, youthful boyish look. Other times—and studies have shown this occurs with monthlyregularity!—women prefer the more dominant, rough look: strong jaw, broad foreheads.

11 Attractive women get asked out more than plain women. However, overall, plain women have as many interactions with men as the beautiful women! In group settings (at work, at school, etc.) the plain women are just as involved in social interactions with men. This is not the case with unattractive men, however. They don’t get as much social interaction with women—no matter what the setting—as the handsome men.

Reading


12 Even babies tend to prefer faces that adults find attractive! Some researchers think that there is an evolutionary basis to these preferences. Early human beings learned to choose the “beautiful” mate as one who survived disease and illness and was, therefore, a stronger mate, and one who was likely to produce healthy babies. For cave women, that powerful jaw was one that could rip off large chunks of flesh and would therefore be strong enough to protect her and her babies.

13 Psychologists proved that gazing upon beautiful people does indeed change us. It makes us appreciate ordinary folk less! Everywhere we go, we see attractive men and women on display: movies, magazines, television ads. Though we enjoy seeing beautiful people, it has an interesting side-effect.Researchers found that after exposure to extremely attractive men and women (whether in person or through photographs) we tend to underestimate our own attractiveness and that ofour real life friends. We have raised the bar on what we think attractive—yet we are not likely to meet anyone of movie-star level!

Reading


14 Even if a man found a woman attractive, however, he would not ask her out, if he was unsure whether she would accept. Most men do not want to risk rejection. It would seem that, therefore, we must have a lot of men out there who are in a difficult situation: not attracted tothe ordinary women in his life, yet unwilling to approach the woman of his dreams. Does this explain the frustration many single women are experiencing today? They don’t measure up to our society’s concept of the “perfect woman”—and it has now been proved that this concept does impact our everyday judgments of theaverage people we meet and work with!

BACK

Reading

After-reading After-reading TasksTasks

1. What do scientists studying “the laws of attraction” conclude?2. How was the research at the University of Minnesota carried out? What did it discover?

3. What does the study conducted in a kindergarten reveal?

A. Answer the following questions.

They conclude that we tend to be attracted to people we are near.

Researchers invited 376 college students to a dance, where they expected to meet someone, who had been specifically selected for them—someone with shared interests, a similar background and a compatible personality. In reality, they were paired off by chance. The researchers discovered that only one variable had significantly influenced whether or not they liked the person they met—physical attractiveness.

Even children have bias in favour of good-looking people.

Reading


4. How does the author prove that the saying “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder” is not exactly true?

5. According to psychologists, how will exposure to attractive people affect us?

6. According to the author, what is a man’s dilemma when choosing a date partner?

A. Answer the following questions.

The author explains that what is considered attractive cuts across ethnic and cultural lines. People all over the world tend to agree on who is and who is not attractive.

It makes us appreciate ordinary folk less. We tend to underestimate our own attractiveness and that of our real life friends.

A man may not be attracted to the ordinary women in his life, yet unwilling to approach the woman of his dreams.

Reading


1. Moreover, the likelihood that they would be rejected increased as the boys became better acquainted.

2. We know not to judge a book by its cover.

3. This bias is so innate, that even kindergarteners believe it.

4. Nonetheless, the positives outweigh the negatives.

5. What is considered attractive cuts across ethnic and cultural lines.

6. Women are tougher to pin down.

B. Paraphrase the following sentences.

However, unattractive boys would be more likely to be refused when they became more familiar to others.

We know we should not judge people by their appearances.

The bias in favour of good appearance is inborn. Even the young children in the kindergarten tend to show bias in favour of good-looking people.

However, there are more positives than negatives.

It is not easy to tell what women prefer, because they are changing quite often.

Attractiveness is accepted by people from different ethnic and cultural groups.

Reading


1. What view does the author hold in this article? How does she prove it?

2. Do you agree to the author’s view? State your reasons and evidence.

C. Discuss the following questions.

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Language in Use

Grammar Development

Vocabulary building

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Language in Use Grammar Development

Substitution and Ellipsis: 替代和省略

替代

一、名词性替代：用名词性替代词 one (s), the same, the kind, the sort等所表示的替代现象叫做名词性替代。

1 、名词性替代词例 1: The child doesn’t like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book) 例 2: His novel is a bad one for children. (one = novel)

Language in Use

替代

2 、某些不定代词在名词性替代中还可以用一些不定代词来替代。如 all, both, some, any, enough, several, none, many, much, more, (the ) most, (a) few, another, the other, others, either 等。例 : I don't want any more food. I’ve had enough. 3、 one和 ones 是最常见的替代词 one 的复数形式是 ones 。 one 和 ones 作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词，不可用来替代不可数名词。例 1: The grey horse is stronger than the black one. 例 2: The new design is much better than the old ones.

Language in Use

替代

4 、名词性物主代词 mine， yours 名词性物主代词 mine, yours 等可用来代替 my + 名词， your + 名词等。例 : “Whose is that coat?” “It’s mine.”

二、动词性替代：用动词替代词 do， do so 等所表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代。

1 、谓语的替代形式 do 是谓语的替代形式，有时态和人称的变化。例 1: Some people like a shower after they have played tennis. Peter does, for example. 例 2: John speaks German as fluently as Mary does.

Language in Use

替代

2、由 do, so 等组成的复合替代形式（ 1 ）“ so + 助动词 + 主语”。例：“ Mary will enter the university in September.” “So will Joan.” （ 2 ）“ so + 主语 + 助动词”。例：“ I’ve been to Beijing.” ”So you have.” 注：这种结构中第二句的主语与第一句的主语是同一个人，否则应像 “so + 助动词 + 主语”的结构一样，主谓要倒装。（ 3 ）“主语 + （助动词 + ） do + so” 。例：“ Have you sent your plan to the committee?” “I did so yesterday.” （ 4 ）“主语 + （助动词 +） do + that” 。例：“ Do you know who broke the television set?” “I heard John did that.”

Language in Use

替代（ 5 ）“主语 + （助动词 +） do + it” 。例：“ My brother said he was going to send a letter of protest to the president.” “I did it last week.” 注：如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示相同的看法时，则用“ neither / nor +do + 主语”。此时， do 不是动词替代词，而是助动词。例如： Mary didn’t like English, neither did her brother. 3、 to 代替整个动词不定式当某个动词不定式词组在句子中再次出现时，我们可以只用 to 这个词，而不必重复整个动词不定式词组。例 1： I went there because I wanted to. (=…because I wanted to go there.) 例 2： Perhaps I’ll go to Brazil this summer; I’d very much like to.

Language in Use

替代三、分句性替代 : 用分句替代词 so或 not 替代整个分句的现象叫做分句性替代。例： Many people believe that there will be another world war before the end of the century. My father think so, but I believe not.

四、状语的替代 1 、时间状语的替代形式主要用副词 then 例： We saw John at eight on Monday evening. We told him then that we could be coming to the party. 2 、地点状语的替代形式主要用副词 here和 there 例： Mary is in London and John is there too. 3 、方式状语的替代形式用 in that way和 like that 例：“ She plays the piano with great concentration and with great energy.” “I’m afraid she doesn’t study like that.”

Language in Use Grammar Development

Substitution and Ellipsis: 替代和省略

省略一、简单句中的省略： 1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数

现成的说法。例： (I) Thank you for your help.（括号内为省略的词语，下同） (It) Doesn't matter. 2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。例： (There is) No smoking. 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留 to。例： ---- Are you going there? ---- I'd like to (go there).

Language in Use

省略

4 、省略表语。　　例： ---- Are you thirsty? ---- Yes, I am (thirsty).　　 5 、同时省略几个成分。　　例： ---- Have you finished your work? ---- (I have) Not (finished my work) yet.

二、并列句中的省略　　两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。　　例： My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.　　 I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

Language in Use

省略

三、主从复合句中的省略 1、主句中有一些成分被省略。例： (I'm) Sorry to hear that you are ill. 2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用 so或 not（切不可用 it或that）代替。例： ---- Is he coming back tonight? ---- I think so. 这种用法常见的有： How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so及 I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not等。（但 I don't think so 比 I think not更常用）。

Language in Use

省略四、其他省略 1、连词 that的省略例： I hope (that) everything is all right. 2 、不定式符号 to 的省略例： I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. 3 、在某些状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是 it ），从句的谓语又包含动词 be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be“ 部分。　　例： When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night. 4、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有 were, had 和 should这三个词是，可省去 if，将这些词移至主语之前。　　例： Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.　　　 5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。例： The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).

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Language in Use Vocabulary Building

Form words by adding suffixes

A. Discuss with your partner the meaning of the following suffixes.

-able:

-ful:

-ility:

-ism:

-less:

-ment:

inclined to be; likely to be done

full of, handful

quality of

doctrine; belief

without

1) result of; 2) agency of; 3) state of

B. Brainstorming: Think of as many words with the above suffixes as possible.

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Project

Fashion Attitude Survey

Different people have different attitudes towards fashion. Don’t you want to know what kind of attitude your classmates hold towards fashion? To find out the answers, do the fashion attitude survey project according to the following steps.

ProjectQUESTIONNAIRE

Step 1 Design a questionnaireListed above are statements about shopping behaviour for clothes and about clothing fashions. Please check one box for each statement toindicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each statement (1=strongly disagree, 2=somewhat disagree, 3=neither agree nor disagree, 4=somewhat agree, 5=strongly agree).

Step 2 Do a surveyDo a survey of fashion attitude by using the above questionnaire. Invite your classmates or students from other departments to do thesurvey. Make a note of their ideas and opinions during the survey.

Step 3 Write a survey reportAfter you finish the survey, analyse the collected information and write a survey report. In the report, you may summarise the fashionattitudes held by college students.

Step 4 Report your resultReport your survey result to the whole class. You may read your report to your classmates and exchange information with them. Do yoursurveys show the same results? Why or why not? Discuss the results with your classmates.

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Culture TipsShanghai:

China's fashion capital

Culture Tips

Many people, who regards Shanghai as “Paris of the East”, said that “Bai jiu was a tasty drink…so we’ll let you decide. Fashion, however, is on the lips of everyone in the area, and should you find yourself anywhere in China, Shanghai’s ascent into the ranks of a fashion capital will no doubt be a hot topic.

After Milan, Paris, London and New York, Shanghai is going to claim and candidate to become the Oriental Fashion Capital.

Culture Tips

Shanghai International Fashion Culture Festival is one of the Four Festivals in Shanghai (the other three is Shanghai Art Festival, Shanghai Tour Festival and Shanghai Movie and Television Festival), which was organized by Shanghai Municipal Government in 1995.

Shanghai International Fashion Culture Festival offers a platform for Shanghai and even for the textile & fashion industry of China to promote the communication and cooperation with the world. The final purpose of the festival is to make Shanghai known & service for China, focused & received by overseas.

Shanghai International

Fashion Culture Festival

Culture Tips

"Flock and fusion, leading the times and the trends, Fashion makes the life more colorful".

Shanghai Fashion Week

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Homework

What do you think of the relation between beauty and fashion? Write an eassy on it.

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unit 4. warming-up reading language in use project culture tips homework

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