unit 4 water: where has it all gone? deborah soong

Unit 4

Water: Where Has It All Gone?

Deborah Soong

Teaching Activities Index

Teaching Activities11stst period period 1. 1. Warm-upWarm-up

2. The Vocabulary, and Idioms & Phr2. The Vocabulary, and Idioms & Phrases within Paragraphs 1-4ases within Paragraphs 1-4

3. Reading – Paragraphs 1-43. Reading – Paragraphs 1-4

22nd nd periodperiod 1. The Vocabulary, and Idioms & Phr1. The Vocabulary, and Idioms & Phrases within Paragraphs 5-9ases within Paragraphs 5-9

2. Reading – Paragraphs 5-92. Reading – Paragraphs 5-93. Post-reading3. Post-reading

3rd period3rd period 1. 1. Word FileWord File2. Sentence Patterns2. Sentence Patterns3. Expansion3. Expansion4. Writing Practice4. Writing Practice

4th period4th period Oral & Listening~Oral & Listening~Review Review Unit 1Unit 1 Unit 2Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 3

Warm-up

Vocabulary Idioms & Phrases

Reading~Paragraphs 1-4

Warm-up

Water is made up of very small particles. The water particles from 1_____, 2_____, ______, and ______, 3____, and 4____________ evaporate and become water vapors. After cooling down, water vapors become 5______. As clouds rise, the vapors cool down and condense as 6______ or 7______. At last, the water returns to the Earth.

soil seas rivers oceans air ground water clouds

rain snow

Back

Listen to paragraphs 1-4.

Skip

Now,answer the following questions.

( ) Water is on our mind ______. (A) when there is a flood (B) when there is a severe drought (C) when it rains heavily (D) when the demand decreases

B

( ) More than 90 percent of human water use goes to ______. (A) gardening (B) daily use (C) farming (D) industrial use and agricultural irrigation

D

Reading

Until recent years, you probably didn’t think much about water.

Until recent years, you probably didn’t thinkmuch about water.→ You probably didn’t think much about wa

ter until recent years.→ It was probably not until recent years that

you thought much about water.→ Probably not until recent years did you thi

nk much about water.→ Only in recent years did you think much a

bout water.→ Before the past few years, water resource

never was a big problem in Taiwan, so you didn’t think a lot about it.

It was always there when you wanted it: for drinking, washing your clothes, or taking a shower. However, in the early summer of 2002, the severe drought in Taiwan changed all that, and water was suddenly on everyone’s mind.

water was suddenly on everyone’s mind→ everyone was suddenly worried and concerned about water and thought a lot about it

Reservoirs throughout the island were depleted to record levels because of the lack of rainfall.

were depleted to record levels　→ dipped below the record low→ went lower than record levels　→ fell down from the previous record low Reservoirs throughout the island were depleted to record levels because of the lack of rainfall.→ The water levels at reservoirs all over the island reached/dropped to a new lowdue to the shortage of rainfall.

Water rationing had to be instituted in much of Taiwan.

water rationing = water restrictions; water-rationing control; rationing regime除了 institute，water rationing一詞還常與下列動詞搭配使用：enforce/put in place/carry out/Implement/ impose Next

Water rationing had to be instituted in much of Taiwan.

much是數量詞 (quantifier)，可指地方或時間等 .Much of the city was destroyed in the attack.Mary’s father was absent from much of her childhood.She does much of her work abroad.

Water-rationing measuresin Taiwan in summer 2002

2002年初夏的限水措施(water-rationing measures)有：Cutting water supplies to households every other day.Cutting water supplies once every five days tocity districts on a revolving basis.Cutting water supplies to public and private recreational areas, such as swimming pools, saunas, car washes and beauty spas.Shifting water away from the agricultural sector to increase supplies for household consumption.Reducing water pressure during the nighttime.　夜間減壓。

Taiwan was by no means alone in its water problems.

by no means = not at all; under no circumstances; in no way　絕不It is by no means easy to master a foreign language.Taiwan was by no means alone in its water problems.→ By no means was Taiwan alone in its water problems.→ Taiwan was not at all the only area which had water problems.

Today, many countries face a serious water shortage, and the problem will only get worse.

根據 the World Bank公布的資料顯示：About 80 countries now have water shortages that threaten health and economies while 40 percent of the World more than 2 billion people have no access to clean water or sanitation.get worse 每況愈下= deteriorate; go from bad to worseSmoking made his illness get worse.

The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) predicts that by 2025, severe water shortages will affect 2 to 3 billion people.

The mission of the IWMI is to improve water and land resources management for food livelihoods and nature.

Next


by = not later than; before　在…之前By next week, I will finish all my reports. [比較 ] by表示「動作、狀態在某時之前完畢」until表示「動作、狀態持續到某時」I will come by 10.　I will stay here until 10.　 Next


by 2025, severe water shortages will affect 2 to 3 billion people→ 2 to 3 billion people will face severe water shortages by 2025

Water scarcity is a complex problem involving several factors.

Water scarcity is a complex problem involving several factors.→ Several factors are involved in the problem of water shortage.

Next

缺水問題與下列層面有關：population growth, food production, climatic change and variability, land use, water quality, water demand, sectoral resources and institutional capacity, poverty and economic policy, legislation and water resource management, international waters, political realities, sociological issues, etc.

Water is a reusable resource. That means the amount of water on the Earth is finite, but it can be used over and over again.

That means the amount of water on the Earth is finite, but it can be used over and over again.→ In other words, although the amount of water on the Earth is finite, we don’t have to feel worried that one day we might run out of it. That is because water is reusable.

Since the amount of water is finite,there are problems with supply when demand increases.

Since the amount of water is finite,there are problems with supply whendemand increases.→ Because the amount of water on the

Earth is limited, when the demand for water becomes stronger, there are problems of water supply. (In other words, the world’s water supply is not keeping pace with the demand being made on it.)

since語義較 because弱，且多放在句首 .

It is important to remember that 97 percent of the Earth’s water is in the oceans, and most of the rest is frozen in the polar ice caps.

most of the rest is frozen in the polar ice caps→ as little as 3 percent of the Earth’s

water is fresh water, and of this small percentage, most of it is in the form of ice, found in the polar ice caps

That means less than 1 percent of the world’s water is usable.

That means less than 1 percent of the world’s water is usable.→ That is to say, less than 1 percent of the world’s water can be used.

Increased demand for water resources comes from two main sources: population growth and industrialization.

Increased demand for water resources comes from two main sources: population growth and industrialization.→ Two prime causes of increased demand for water are the ever-increasing population and industrialization.

Industrial use and agricultural irrigation together account for more than 90 percent of human water use.

Industrial use and agricultural irrigation together account for more than 90 percent of human water use.→ Industry and irrigated agriculture take more than 90 percent of the world’s fresh water.

As populations rise, the need for water for food production also increases.

populations在這裡用複數形，用來強調「不同文化、種族的人群」 .People should pay attention to the needsof the older populations in the world. As populations rise, the need for water for food production also increases.→ The demand for water for food production increases with rising populations.

Industry requires large amounts of water.

It is estimated that each person needs about 100 liters of water per day for drinking, washing, and cooking, but usage in industrialized countries is typically over 200 liters per person per day, and can be as high as 450.

...usage in industrialized countries is typically over 200 liters per person per day, and can be as high as 450.→ ...the amount of water used in industrialized countries is usually more than 200 liters each person each day, and can be high up to 450 liters. Back