Unit 5: Antebellum Period Part II

SS8H6a: Explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War; include slavery, states’ rights, nullification, Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, the Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott case, election of 1860, the debate over secession in Georgia, and the role of Alexander Stephens.

1/30/12 Warm Up

• 1. What were 2 laws against slaves that we learned last week?

• 2. Who was John Ross? • 3. Describe a time when you had a great

difference of opinion with someone and you both fully thought each other was right.

Growing Differences Between North and South

• One issue that divided the USA was tariffs. Tariffs are taxes on items that come from other countries.

• During this time, Northern states made money making products (industry). Southern states made money growing crops (agriculture).

• Tariff of Abominations- In 1828, Congress created a tariff (tax) on British goods. This helped the North because they could now sell products for less $ than Britain. The tariff hurt the South because it raised the cost of goods they bought from Britain.

Growing Differences Between North and South

• South Carolina was upset over the Tariff of Abominations. They were afraid their economy (money) would drop. They threatened to nullify (reject a federal law) the tariff and secede (leave the Union).

• The U.S. Constitution gives some powers to the states called states’ rights. South Carolina believed that nullification was one of these states’ rights.

• President Jackson was against nullification. He wanted the country to stay together.

• Georgia did not like the tariff but did not support nullification or seceding.

• President Jackson threatened to use force to make sure that SC obeyed all federal laws and stayed in the Union.

• South Carolina withdrew its threat to nullify and secede… for now…

Causes of the Civil WarEconomic Differences North= Industrial

South= Agriculture/Farming

States’ Rights North= Believed the federal government/Constitution are supreme throughout the nation.South= Believed in States’ Rights and believed that the federal government did not have the right to tell them what to do.

Sectionalism North= Wanted tariffs on imported goodsSouth= Did not want tariffs on imported goods, due to trade relationship with Great Britain

Slavery North= Banned slaverySouth= Relied on slavery for the production of cash crops

Election of 1860 & Secession

North= Voted in Abraham Lincoln as the 16th U.S. PresidentSouth= 11 states seceded from the Union as a result of Lincoln’s win

Unit 7 Chart Topic Date Issue Result(s)

Missouri Compromise of

1820

Compromise of 1850

The Georgia Platform

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Dred Scott Case

Name: _______________

Missouri CompromiseIssue

• 1819- USA had 22 states• 11 states allowed

slavery in them= slave states

• 11 states banned slavery= free states

• Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state in 1819…This would mess up the balance.

Result• As a result in 1820,

Congress passed the Missouri Compromise, which allowed Maine to enter the USA as free state. This was written by Henry Clay, a representative from Kentucky.

• The Missouri Compromise banned slavery north of 36°20’ latitude.

Missouri Compromise, 1820

Compromise of 1850- Issue

• By 1849, California’s population had increased (Gold Rush of 1848).

• By 1850, there were 15 slave states and 15 free states in the USA.

• Issue= California wanted to enter in the USA as a free state, but that would upset the balance. This upset the South.

• Henry Clay, a representative from Kentucky, once a wrote a compromise for this situation…called the Compromise of 1850.

Compromise of 1850- ResultsBenefits for the North Benefits for the South

•California came into the Union as a free state.•Slave trading was ended in Washington, D.C.

•Congress would pass the Fugitive Slave Act stating that slaves who ran away to free states would be returned to their owners.•The territories of New Mexico and Utah would determine whether they wanted to be a slave state or free state.•The residents of Washington, D.C. could keep the slaves they already owned

“The Georgia Platform”• In 1850, Georgians held a convention (a big

meeting) to discuss the Compromise of 1850.• Issue= “The Georgia Platform” was an

important speech at this convention. The speech explained the Compromise of 1850 and asked for citizens’ support.

• Results= Many Georgians did not like the Compromise of 1850. However, Georgia politicians encouraged the people of Georgia to accept it and not to secede.

Kansas-Nebraska Act• Issue= In 1854, Kansas and Nebraska wanted to join

the USA.• Issue= Both of these territories could vote on

whether to allow or ban slavery. This was called popular sovereignty.

• Result= Northerners did not like the Kansas-Nebraska Act because the Missouri Compromise had already banned slavery north of 36°20’ latitude, in 1820.

• Result= Arguments and fights broke out over Kansas and Nebraska between the proslavery and antislavery groups.

Dred Scott Case

• Issue= In 1834, Dred Scott, a slave was taken by his owner from the slave state of Missouri to the free state of Illinois. Then they went to live in the free state of Wisconsin.

• Issue= When Dred Scott’s owner and him moved back to Missouri (slave state), Dred filed a lawsuit against his owner to be free.

• Result= In 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott did not have the right to sue his master, because he was a slave.

John Brown and Harper’s Ferry• John Brown was a white man who lived in Kansas. He was against slavery. • From 1857-1859, he and other volunteers freed slaves and threatened slave owners in Kansas. • John Brown led a group to attack a federal building

that stored guns in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. • He wanted slaves to hear about this and escape.

Then, he would provide them with weapons to go back and free other slaves.

How did Harper’s Ferry end??????

• When the Virginia governor heard of this, he sent the military to stop this.

• John Brown and 10 others were killed!

• Brown was arrested, convicted of treason, and hanged!

Election of 1860• The Republican party was formed in the 1850s. They did NOT want slavery in the new states. • Abraham Lincoln ran for Illinois Senate in 1858.

He gave speeches against slavery. He lost that election, but ran for President in 1860 and WON!

• In the 1860 election, Southern states did not even put Lincoln’s name on the ballot because they thought he would abolish slavery. He won anyway!

Confederate States of America• When President Lincoln was

elected, Southern states decided to secede (leave the USA government and start their own country).

• Georgians disagreed on what to do. Some Georgians, who did not own slaves, did not want to secede. But, Georgia’s General Assembly voted to secede in January 1861.

• In February 1861, 11 states decided to start a new country called the Confederate States of America. They wrote a Constitution which was similar to the U.S. Constitution, but it allowed slavery. Jefferson Davis was elected President.

Civil War Map

Causes of the Civil WarEconomic Differences

North= Industrial (factories/made products) South= Agriculture/Farming (grew crops)

States’ Rights North= Believed the federal government/Constitution are supreme throughout the nation.South= Believed the federal government did not have the right to tell states what to do.

Sectionalism North= Wanted tariffs (taxes) on goods from other countriesSouth= Did not want tariffs on goods from other countries

Slavery North= Banned slaverySouth= Relied on slavery for the production of cash crops

Election of 1860 & Secession

North= Voted in Abraham Lincoln as the 16th U.S. PresidentSouth= 11 states seceded from the Union as a result of Lincoln’s win

Resources of the North and SouthNorth

(Union)South

(Confederate States of America)

A. Had 85% of the nation’s factories and railroad

B. Produced almost all of the weapons, cloth, iron, ships, and shoes in the USA

C. 22+ million peopleD. Union army had 16,000+

trained soldiers.

A. Had 15% of factories and railroads

B. 9 million people + 3.5 million slaves

C. The southern states did not have an army.

D. Produced majority of food (corn, rice, wheat) and cotton

E. The South had strong/smart military leaders, who resigned from the U.S. Army to lead the South.

Video Review

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3F19E4FE-0442-4A8B-915A-CE0B9A3303DD&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

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