Unit 5

Distribution(Place)

--- Logistics

Place

Channels of distributionPlace

To ensure that their products are available To ensure that their products are available

in the proper quantities at the right time and in the proper quantities at the right time and place.place.

Customer Marketing Channels

• manufacturers wholesalers

retailers customers

Wholesalers

• Intermediaries who buy in large quantities from the producers and redistribute the goods to the intermediaries at the next level.

Store Retailers• Department stores • General stores• Discount stores• Convenience stores• Specialty stores (single-line stores)• Exclusive stores (single brand) • Category killers• Factory outlets• Supermarkets• Hypermarkets

Non-store retailers

• Door-to-door sellers• Mail-order houses (catalogue stores)• Vending machines• Virtual stores• Carts and kiosks • Multilevel marketing

Logistics and some related conceptsLogistics and some related concepts

来源或过程 翻 译

英文原文 Physical Distribution

Logistics Distribution 、 Delivery

日本翻译成日文汉字 物の流→物流 ロジスティクス 流通、配送

香港、台湾翻译成中文 实体分配 物流，后勤 配送，配销，分销，分配

大陆翻译成中文

实物流通、实物配送

Logistics: 物流（工商部门）Logistics: 后勤

（军队）配送，分销，流通，分配

大陆将以上译成的汉语再译成英语

实物流通、实物配送：

Physical Distribution

物流： Logistics后勤： Logistics

配送： distri-, delivery分销： distribution

流通： distri-, circulation分配： distri-, allocation

History and background

• Beginning of 20thC Physical distribution M C

• In the 1980s Logistics rear-service in US Army

• In the 21th C Supply chain

Nature of logistics

• Planning, implementing, and controlling the physical flow of materials, final goods, and related information from points of origin to points of consumption to meet customer requirements at a profit.

• Getting the right product in right quantity to the right customer in the right place at the right time.

A value-added system

• Outbound distribution F C

• Inbound distribution S F

• Supply chain

S M W R C

Importance of logistics

• Q: Why are companies today placing

greater emphasis on logistics?

Why hot Why hot issue?issue? Why hot Why hot issue?issue?

Buyer’s market

Competition between sellers

Importance of circulation connecting production and comsumption.

布

票粮

票肉

票商 品商 品

限额消费已成为历史限额消费已成为历史 商品转化为货币 , 关系

到企业的生死存亡

$

Development of competition b/w companies

costs

quality70年

代80年代

90年代售 后 服 务

comsumers

企业通过对市场需求的的快速反应，由大鱼吃小鱼转变为快鱼吃慢鱼

                                                                 

快鱼快鱼

慢鱼慢鱼

21

世纪初

Market demand

s

E-commerce is callingE-commerce is calling……

E-commerce without logistics---bubbles!

Transaction on net

Supply Chain MembersSupply Chain Members

AA BC DEBC DE FF

supplierssuppliers Key companiesKey companies customerscustomers

供应供应商公商公司司

采购采购部门部门

内部内部客户客户

公司公司营销营销部门部门

内部内部供应供应商商

顾顾客客

Enterprise Logistics Configuration

supplierssuppliersraw materials

inventoryraw materials

inventoryWIP inventoryWIP inventory

final products inventory

final products inventory

customerscustomers

Supply logistics

Production logistics

Distribution logistics

Returned logistics

materials information

Major logistics functions

• 运输配送• 仓储保管• 装卸搬运• 现代包装• 流通加工• 物流信息

• Transportation & distribution• Warehousing & inventory• Loading/unloading & carrying • Packaging • Distribution processing • Logistics information

K

S

B

Inventory terms

• FIFO (first in – first out)

• LIFO (Last in – first out)

• dead inventory

• Just-in-case

• Just-in-time Requiring only necessary units be provided in necessary

quantities at necessary time.

3PL

• — outsourced logistics or contract logistics

• Third-party logistics provider (an independent logistics provider that perform any of all of the functions required to get their clients’ product to market).

• Why?• Getting the product to market is their main focus, these providers can often do it

more efficiently and at lower cost than clients whose strengths lie elsewhere.

• Outsourcing logistics frees a company to focus more intensely on its core business.

• Integrated logistics companies understand increasingly complex logistics environments.