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Page 1: Unit 5 How to Be True to Yourself. Denis Waitley Text 1 How to Be True to Yourself?

Unit 5

How to Be True to Yourself

Page 2: Unit 5 How to Be True to Yourself. Denis Waitley Text 1 How to Be True to Yourself?

Denis Waitley

Text 1 How to Be True

to Yourself?

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Pre-reading ActivityFilm episode 1

Pinocchio

Questions for Comprehension:1. What does Fairy’s “a real boy”

connote?2. What role does Fairy hope Cricket

to play in guiding Pinocchio's behavior?

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Pre-reading ActivityFilm episode 2

Dead Poets SocietyQuestions:1.Why did all the students stand

up?2.Why didn’t Mr. Nolan’s order

work ?

Neil PerryCharles Dalton

Richard Cameron

Todd Anderson

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"Don't Do This!" Quiz on Academic Integrity

Pre-reading Activity

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"Don't Do This!" Quiz on Academic

Integrity

Question 1: You realize that another student is

looking at your test paper. You don't know the second student, but you don't make any effort to cover your paper. We know the other student is cheating but are you guilty of academic dishonesty?

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"Don't Do This!" Quiz on Academic

IntegrityQuestion 2:

The final exam in your class is a take-home test. The professor's instructions state that you may only consult the following resources: library books, class notes, texts, and the professor or TA. You and your roommate discussed one of the questions, but you wrote your own answer. Is this a problem?

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"Don't Do This!" Quiz on Academic

Integrity

Question 3:You spent hours writing an excellent research paper for your English class in the fall. You have to do a research paper on any topic for your sociology class this semester. Is it wise to turn in the same paper?

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"Don't Do This!" Quiz on Academic

Integrity

Question 4:It is late at night and your paper is due at 9:00 a.m. the next day. You used a lot of material from a couple of books, but you didn't quote anything and, therefore, you didn't include any footnotes. Is this plagiarism (剽窃 ) or just sloppy work?

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"Don't Do This!" Quiz on Academic

IntegrityQuestion 5:

You have had a tough semester and are having trouble focusing on a term paper you must write. You have acquired "research material", a paper from the World Wide Web on your topic, that will get you started with information and organization. With all the other pressures, it seems tempting to make a few minor changes and turn the paper in. Should you?

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PlagiarismPlagiarism, which is a form of

intellectual dishonesty, is now seriously corroding (腐蚀 ) the integrity in academic fields.

infringement of intellectual property

copyright infringement 版权侵犯 to infringe on intellectual property to violate copyright law

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Acts of Plagiarism use someone else’s words, ideas, or works

as yours use pages or paragraphs from published

works without permission quote the works of others without

permission use materials from the Internet or obscure

sources change a few words or the sequence of

some sentences or paragraphs claim the product as your own original

work

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Oral Practice

Have you experienced a moral or ethical dilemma in your life? Describe what happened to you and how you reacted.

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First Reading:Understanding the Text

How to Be True to Yourself

Topic of the essay: How to be true to yourself / How to become a person of

integrity

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1.What is integrity?Dictionary

definition: steadfast

adherence to a strict moral or ethical code; honesty and trustworthiness

恪守严格的道德规范 : 正直 , 诚实 , 诚信

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1. What is integrity? How does the author define

integrity? Integrity means having a personal

standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and that is not relative to the situation at hand. Integrity is an inner standard for judging your behavior. (Para.2)

Integrity means you do what you do because it’s right and not just fashionable or politically correct. (Para. 15) Paraphrase

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1.What is integrity?

How do you define integrity? Reference: Integrity means you are upright,

honest, and sincere in all you do, and in all things you act justly and honorably.  You put honesty, sense of duty, and sound moral principles above all else. A person with integrity doesn’t just “talk the talk,” she or he also “walks the walk."

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Oral PracticeWhich historical figure do you think can be regarded as one with

integrity? Why?

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2. The necessity to write about the concept “integrity”:

a contrast: the firm belief in it demonstrated by

the author’s grandparents and their generations

vs. the present scarcity of itthe importance of integrity: It is the real bottom line in every

area of society. And it is something we must demand of ourselves.

Paraphrase

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3. How to become a man of integrity:

three key principles – “the integrity Triad”

1) Stand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure.

When you are right, you can't back down.

Paraphrase

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3. How to become a man of integrity:

three key principles – “the integrity Triad”

2) Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs.

Don't be afraid of those who might have a better idea or might even be smarter than you are.

ParaphraseNesting Dolls

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3. How to become a man of integrity:

three key principles – “the integrity Triad”

3) Be honest and open about what you really are.

Face reality and be adult in your responses to life's challenges.

Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others

Paraphrase

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4. Benefit and prospect a life of principle will bring you:

A life of principle will be rewarding in that:

A life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality, will always win the day.

It will take you forward into the 21st century without having to check your tracks in a rearview mirror.

Paraphrase

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Further Discussion of Ideas from the Text

1. Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where we choose to walk every step will show.

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Further Discussion of Ideas from the Text

2. Integrity is an inner standard for judging our behavior.

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Further Discussion of Ideas from the Text

3. Integrity is in short supply today even if it is the bottom line in every area of society.

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Other tips on how to be true to oneself:

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An Introduction to the Author

one of the most sought-after keynote speakers and productivity consultants in the world today

Denis Waitley

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Denis Waitley Quotations Responsibility: A sign of wisdom and maturity is

when you come to terms with the realization that your decisions cause your rewards and consequences. You are responsible for your life, and your ultimate success depends on the choices you make.

Friendship: A smile is the light in your window that tells others that there is a caring, sharing person inside.

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Problem Solving: Don't dwell on what went wrong. Instead, focus on what to do next. Spend your energies on moving forward toward finding the answer.

Overcoming Failure: Failure should be our teacher, not our undertaker. Failure is delay, not defeat. It is a temporary detour, not a dead end. Failure is something we can avoid only by saying nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing.

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Overcoming Failure: Forget about the consequences of failure. Failure is only a temporary change in direction to set you straight for your next success.

Overcoming Failure: When you make a mistake or get ridiculed or rejected, look at mistakes as learning experiences, and ridicule as ignorance. Look at rejection as part of one performance, not as a turn down of the performer.

Life: View life as a continuous learning experience.

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Style of Writing / Genre (文艺作品的体裁 ; 类型 )

A mixed genre of exposition and argumentation:

In term of exposition, it is developed by the strategy of “classification”.

It exhibits the logics of argumentation.

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Classification used in expository writing:

Divide things into groups or types so that those with similar characteristics are in the same group.

To deal with complex or abstract topics by breaking a broad subject into smaller, neatly sorted categories.

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To define “integrity”; To weigh its importance in

current times; To argue that integrity is “in

short supply”; To show why integrity has its

worth; To argue that integrity “will win

the day”.

Thread of argument in the text:

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Structural Analysis of the Text

Thesis Integrity is of paramount

importance in all social activities.

Integrity may consist of three life principles.

A life of principle will win the day.

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Structural Analysis of the Text

Part One(1-2)Prefacepersonal story to introduce the

concept “integrity”the importance of integrity vs. its getting scarcerthe necessity to write about the

concept

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Structural Analysis of the TextPart Two (3-14) Deductive method in explanation

of each principle of the Integrity Triad

Logics among the three principles: Parallel Exterior Interior Macro Micro

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Structural Analysis of the Text

Part Two (3-14)Para. 3-8To put forward a model of

“Integrity Triad”.The first key principle: – To stand firmly for your

convictions in the face of personal pressure.

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Structural Analysis of the Text

Part Two (3-14)Para. 9-11The second key principle -- To give others credit that is

rightfully theirs

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Structural Analysis of the TextPart Two (3-14)Para. 12-14The third key principle – To be honest and open about

what you really are

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Structural Analysis of the Text

Part Three (15)Conclusion The author further explains what

integrity means and points out what benefit and prospect a life of principle will bring you.

To rephrase the definition of integrity;To reiterate the significance of

integrity.

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Critical Thinking on the Logics of the Text

Is there any overlapping content among the three principles of the Integrity Triad?

Strictly speaking, there are flaws in the writer’s argumentation. Have you spotted any such flaws in the thread of argument?

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Background InformationRussian Nesting Doll

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Background InformationSiren, in Greek mythology

海妖塞壬 /莎琳 a group of sea nymphs represented with the head of a woman

and the body of a bird daughters of Achelous ([希神 ] 河神 ), inhabited an island surrounded by

dangerous rocks by their sweet singing lured mariners (水手,海员 ) to destruction on the rocks surrounding their island.

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Background InformationSiren, in Greek mythology

海妖塞壬 Odysseus managed to save himself and his

men from the Sirens by putting melted wax in his crew's ears and tying himself to the mast, making the crew swear they would not release him however desperately he begged.

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 2 … integrity means having a personal

standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and that is not relative to the situation at hand.

Paraphrase: … integrity means that one should have a

set of moral principles that one does not betray for the purpose of gaining advantages or personal benefits and that is not affected by any external circumstances.

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 2But it is the real bottom line in

every area of society. bottom line: fundamental

principle / quality

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 4Stand firmly for your convictions

in the face of personal pressure. stand firmly for: firmly adhere to conviction: firm and sincere belief in face of: in spite of

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 8When you know you are right,

you can't back down. Paraphrase: When you know you are right, you

can't give up your standpoint or effort halfway under external pressure.

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 9Always give others credit that is

rightfully theirs. Paraphrase: Always be ready and willing to

give approval or praise to other people who deserve it.

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 12Be honest and open about what

you really are. Paraphrase: Be your true self, without hiding

or covering up any unpleasing aspects in your life.

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 12People who lack genuine core

values rely on external factors…core values: fundamental moral

principles 核心价值观

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 12 Inevitably they will do everything

they can to preserve this façade…preserve: maintain unchanged or

intact 维持不变façade: outward appearance 建筑物的正面 ; 外表

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 13Don’t engage in a personal cover-

up of areas that are unpleasing in your life.

engage in: be involved in, be occupied with 从事 , 参加 , 忙于

cover-up: covering up; concealing

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 13When it’s tough, do it tough. In

other words, face reality and be adult in your responses to life’s challenges

Paraphrase: … face reality squarely (诚实直率地 ) and boldly, respond to life's challenges and in a mature, suitable manner.

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 14Self-respect and a clear

conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others.

Paraphrase: …for improving and developing

your relationships with others

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 15 A life of principle, of not succumbing

to seductive sirens of an easy morality, will always win the day.

succumb to: yield to , give in to seductive sirens of an easy morality:

the lure of the use of methods that bring the most immediate benefits, based on practical rather than moral considerations

win the day: be successful, gain victories

siren

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Language WorkDifficult sentences

Para. 15 It will take you forward into the

21st century without having to check your tracks in a rearview mirror.

Paraphrase: … unnecessaty to look back and

examine the footmarks we have left behind.

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怎样对自己诚实    我的爷爷和奶奶认为,你要么是诚实的,要么不是,不可能介于两者之间。    在他们起居室的墙上挂着一幅简单易懂的座右铭:“生活好像一片刚刚落满白雪的土地;我走到哪里,我的每一个脚印就会出现在哪里。”他们无需就此加以评说—一他们是以身体力行的方式来证实这幅座右铭的。    他们本能的理解是,诚实意味着具备一定的伦理道德标准,既不看风使舵,也不随着眼下的形势而转移。诚实是判断你行为的内在标准。遗憾的是,如今,诚实处在短缺状态——甚至越来越稀罕。然而,它却是社会各个领域真正的思想底线,而且是我们必须要求自己严格做到的。    检验这种价值标准的一个有效方法是,参看我所指的诚实考验,其中包括三条主要原则: 

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在个人压力面前,要坚定信念;当你知道你做得对的时候,你就不能退缩。    对那些值得赞扬的人要常常给予肯定。切莫害怕那些可能有更好主意的或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。    真诚、坦率地展示真实的你。那些缺乏真正的基本价值观念的人,为了使自己感觉良好而依靠外在因素——相貌或社会地位;他们势必尽一切可能来保全这种表面形象,却很少会去培养自己内在的价值和注重个人的成长。    因此,要展示你的真面目。不要设法掩盖你生活中令人不快的方方面面。艰难时刻要顽强。换言之,要正视现实。面对生活的挑战,要老成持重,应付有方。    自尊和问心无愧是构成诚实的强有力的成分,是丰富你与他人关系的基础。    诚实意味着你之所以做你所做的事是因为你做的是对的,而不是因为这行为是时髦的或在政治上是正确的。始终能够赢得胜利的是那种坚持行为准则、不屈从于一种安逸伦理观诱惑的生活。这是我爷爷和奶奶给我的教导。

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Language WorkWords and Expressions

motto 座右铭 , 箴言 a short sentence or a few words taken as

the guiding principle of a person, of a school, of an organization, etc.

Olympic Motto: Swifter, Higher, Stronger

Wuhan University's motto 校训 : get bestirred, develop perseverance, aspire after truth and blaze new trails.

What is your motto?

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demonstrate v.

1) prove or make clear a fact, esp. by reasoning or providing examples 证明;论证

e.g. Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.

2) reveal or show clearly 清楚细致地显示 , 表明 , 说明e.g. His curiosity and information about the

position he is seeking demonstrate his sincerity and potential in the job.

对所求职位的好奇心和所了解的有关信息展示了他的诚恳和工作潜力

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demonstrate v.3) to show or describe how to do

something or how something works 展示 , 示范 , 演示

e.g. The salesperson plugged in (插上插头以接通电源 ) and demonstrated how to use the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器 ).

4) vi. to participate in a public march 示威e.g. They demonstrated against tax

increase.

demonstration n.

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sell out

1) sell all of what was for sale 全部售出 , 售完sell out (of)e.g. We’ve completely sold out of those

shirts in your size, sir.2) be disloyal or unfaithful to one’s principle

or friends 出卖 ( 朋友 ) ,背弃 ( 原则 )sell (sb.) out (to)e.g. The officer was charged with selling

out to his enemy.

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expediency (= expedience)

1) being useful or helpful for a purpose, esp. one‘s own purpose or advantage, although not necessarily morally correct 私利 ,自身利害

e.g. The government operates on the basis of political expedience, not of principle.

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expediency (= expedience)

2) something used to meet an urgent need     权宜之计e.g. In short, the path of peaceful

development taken by China is by no means an expediency. Rather, it is a fundamental choice and solemn commitment made by the Chinese government and people.

总之,坚持走和平发展道路,不是权宜之计,而是中国政府和人民的郑重选择与庄严承诺。

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at hand

1) near in place or time, about to occur 在附近 ; 即将到来

e.g. He lives close at hand. I could no longer doubt that a

possibly fatal crisis was at hand. 我不再怀疑,一场可能是毁灭性的危机近在咫尺了。

2) within reach 在手边

e.g. When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary close at hand.

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Compare:

in hand: in one’s possession and available for use 在手头 , 现有 ; 在掌握中 ; 在控制中

e.g. I still have some money in hand.on hand: close by and ready when needed

在场 ; 可用e.g. Our staff are always on hand to

help. by hand: done or made by a person rather

than a machine 用手 , 人工完成e.g. We had to wash our clothes by

hand.

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ensure

(AmE insure) make sth. certain to happen

e.g. All the necessary steps had been taken to ensure their safety.

Take a taxi if you want to ensure that you catch the plane.

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Compareinsure: to guarantee monetary

compensation in case of loss 给 ...保险e.g We insured the instrument for five

thousand dollars.assure: to tell someone that something

will definitely happen or is definitely true so that they are less worried …向 保证 ,使确信 ,使放心

e.g. I can assure you of the reliability of the news.

They assured us that the train would be on time.

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account for

1) give or be a satisfactory explanation for    说明 , 做出解释,提出理由e.g. How do you account for all the

accidents in series?    你怎么解释这接二连三地发生的事故呢 ? There is no accounting for taste. 萝卜白菜 ,各有所爱。 2) be the cause or origin of 导致 ,引起 ,是 ...的原因

e.g. Bad weather accounted for the long delay.

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account for

3) to form a particular amount or part of something 占

e.g. Afro-Americans account for 12% of the US population.

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back down

accept defeat in an argument, opinion, or claim; admit that one was wrong; to give up one‘s original stand, etc.

退却 ; 让步,放弃 ( 原来的立场、主张、要求等)e.g. Both sides have refused to back

down. Local residents have forced the

local council to back down from / on its plans to build a nightclub in the city center.

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credit

1) public approval or praise given to sb. because of sth. he has done 赞许;荣耀

e.g. They never give Gene any credit for all the extra work he does.

Credit for this win goes to everybody in the team. 功劳

2) belief or trust in the truth or rightness of something 信任 , 信用

e.g. Do you place any credit in the government's story?

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credit

3) a system of buying goods or services and paying for them later 赊购货物

e.g. If you can't afford to pay cash, buy the furniture on credit.

What’s the credit limit on your Visa card?

4) a unit of study so certified 学分

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rightful in accordance with what is just right or

legally correct 正当的 , 合法的 , 理应享有的e.g. He is the rightful owner of the

house. The legacy is rightfully yours; she

always intended you to have it.Compare: righteous morally upright 正直的 ; 正当的 , 正义的

e.g. a righteous woman 正直的女人 a righteous judgment

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cover-up

an attempt to prevent the public discovering information about a serious crime or mistake

e.g. I also want to ask what the State Quality Supervisory Administration has to say about their negligence and cover-up?

我还想问一下国家质监总局:你们对你们的失职与隐瞒,何以解释?

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conscience

an inner sense that is conscious of the moral rightness or wrongness of one's behavior or intentions   良心 , 良知 , 道德心 ,是非之心e.g. I have a guilty conscience about

not telling her the truth. 良心不安 I haven't done anything wrong. --

I have a clear conscience. 问心无愧 according to one's conscience 凭良心

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succumb to

1) stop opposing; to give in (to greater force or strength, a desire, etc.) 屈从,服从

e.g. The government has succumbed to pressure from the press.

He succumbed to the temptation and stole the purse.

2) die because of

e.g. About 400,000 Americans succumb each year to smoking-related illnesses.

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Vocabulary Exercise II. Synonyms

morality ethicsdemand askgenuine realpreserve save

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morality ethics

Keya. Moralityb. moralityc. ethicsd. ethics

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morality ethics

morality1) the rightness or pureness of

behaviour 道德 :符合道德规范之状态2) standards, principles of good

behaviour 道德标准3) a system of ideas of right and

wrong conduct 道德体系e.g. religious morality Christian morality

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morality ethics

ethics1) (with sing. v.) the study of questions

about what is morally right and wrong 伦理学2) a set of principles of right conduct 伦理观 , 道德规范3) moral soundness 合乎伦理道德3) the rules or standards governing the

conduct of a person or the members of a profession:

( 某一行业 ) 行为准则 ; 行为标准 e.g. medical ethics 医德

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morality ethics

morality: principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour

ethics: the moral principles governing or influencing conduct

道德是日常用语,而伦理更偏于学术用语、哲学用语。

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demand ask

a. demandsb. askedc. askingd. demanded

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demand askdemand 1) To ask for sth. forcefully, in a way that

shows that a refusal is not expected;; to claim as if by right

(+ n.): The car workers’ union is demanding a 7% pay rise.

(+ speech): “Where are you going?” demanded the policeman.

(+ to infinitive): She demanded to see the manager.

(+ that): The librarian demanded that he return the book.

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demand askdemand 2) To need sth., such as time, efforts,

or a particular quality; need or require in order to be successful

e.g. It is a difficult piece to play—it demands concentration.

He seems to lack many of the qualities demanded of (= needed by) a successful politician.

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genuine real

a. realb. genuinec. reald. genuine

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genuine real

genuine not being imitated or

counterfeit real refers to physically existent

things

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preserve save

a. preserve b. preservec. saved. save

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preserve save conserve

preserve 1) keeping something that is

valuable exactly as it is, without change and even without using it at all

保护使免于损害 , 保护 ( 动植物等 ); 保存 , 保藏 , 腌制 ( 肉等 ), 把…做成蜜饯 , 防 ( 尸体等 ) 腐烂

2) cause a condition to last; to keep unchanged 保持 , 维持不变

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preserve save conserve

preserve e.g. to preserve the old castle and

other places of historic interest 保护古城堡和其它古迹

to preserve forests 保护森林 Ice helps to preserve food. 保存食物。 to preserve eggs in salt 腌蛋 to preserve public order 维持公共秩序 to preserve family harmony 维持家庭和睦

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preserve save conserve

save: rescue something with a sense of great urgency

conserve 1) to use carefully or sparingly,

avoiding waste 节约,避免浪费:e.g. to conserve energy 节约能源2) to protect from loss or harm;

preserve 保存 , 保护使不受损害e.g. to conserve our national

heritage 保护我们的民族遗产

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Vocabulary Exercise II.Key

1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. A

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Grammar

– Nominal relative clause (introduced by

whatever, whichever,whoever,wherever,whenever…) Vocabulary

– Notional verbs: demand, appoint, succumb

– Set phrase: back down, account for, in the face of

– Noun: expediency, rookie, triad, cover-up,

– Adverbs: fine, rightfully, progressively

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Nominal relative clause “A good test for this value is to look at what I

call the Integrity Triad” –“what I call the Integrity Triad” →

nominal relative clause

– “what” =  n.+ relative pron. = the thing which

– can be introduced by what, whatever,whichever, wherever, whenever, whoever

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Nominal relative clause

Eg: The professor will appoint whoever promise to

investigate the plagiarism head of the academic panel.

The girl often dreams of when she was boating with her Mr Right.

The man hates to comment about whoever should be held responsible for the incident.

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Part 3 Writing

Task 1Nowadays, the importance of compulsory education is still

not driven home for people living in remote areas. Some parents would rather pull their teen children out of classroom and make them than let them study.

﹄ Describe the likely consequences of being dropped out of school for teenagers.

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Part 3 Writing

Task 2 There is a considerable proportion of university girls who

start wearing makeup on campus. It attracts attention and sets people thinking.

﹄ Explain why some university girls start wearing makeup.

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