Unit 5 ReviewAPES - 2013

CITES

Clean Water Acts

Endangered Species Act

Federal Water Pollution Control Act

International Environmental Protection Act

Law of the Sea Convention

Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act

Lacey Act

Soil and Water Conservation Act

Sustainable Fisheries Act

Wild and Scenic Rivers Act

Wilderness Act

Which environment has the largest number of exotic species in the Nordic countries?a. Terrestrial b. Freshwater c. Marine d. Subterranean  

What was the approximate US What was the approximate US population in 2000?population in 2000?a. 150 million a. 150 million b. 180 million b. 180 million c. 230 million c. 230 million d. 280 million d. 280 million e. 330 millione. 330 million

You are looking at two different houses. House You are looking at two different houses. House #1 would have a daily 5-mile commute to work, #1 would have a daily 5-mile commute to work, while house #2 would have a daily 20-mile while house #2 would have a daily 20-mile commute. How much more COcommute. How much more CO22 would you would you produce annually if you buy house #2? (Hint: produce annually if you buy house #2? (Hint: driving 1 mile produces 1.1 lb of COdriving 1 mile produces 1.1 lb of CO22 and you and you work 240 days/year.)work 240 days/year.)

a. 1320 lb a. 1320 lb

b. 3960 lb b. 3960 lb

c. 5280 lb c. 5280 lb

d. 9856 lb d. 9856 lb

e. 13590 lbe. 13590 lb

Rural populations decreased Rural populations decreased approximately ____ % from 1950 approximately ____ % from 1950 to 2000.to 2000.

a. 3 a. 3 b. 8 b. 8 c. 15c. 15d. 28 d. 28 e. 40e. 40

Land value can generally be quantified Land value can generally be quantified in terms of dollars. One notable in terms of dollars. One notable exception isexception isa. Food value a. Food value b. Shelter value b. Shelter value c. Mineral value c. Mineral value d. Natural resource value d. Natural resource value e. Intrinsic valuee. Intrinsic value

One example of the tragedy of the commons can One example of the tragedy of the commons can occur when several farmers share the same pasture occur when several farmers share the same pasture for feeding sheep. The root cause of this tragedy is for feeding sheep. The root cause of this tragedy is thatthat

a. people are bad a. people are bad

b. sheep reproduce too quickly b. sheep reproduce too quickly

c. the market cannot support too many farmers c. the market cannot support too many farmers

d. the value to any farmer of adding one more sheep d. the value to any farmer of adding one more sheep is far greater than the cost to that farmer due to the is far greater than the cost to that farmer due to the land being communal land being communal

e. the cost of the sheep is lessened by bulk purchase e. the cost of the sheep is lessened by bulk purchase powerpower

Cave Swallows make nests out of saliva, which Cave Swallows make nests out of saliva, which some people then harvest to make expensive some people then harvest to make expensive soup. If too many nests are harvested then the soup. If too many nests are harvested then the Swallows won’t be able to rear their young and Swallows won’t be able to rear their young and the population will crash. When evaluating how the population will crash. When evaluating how many nests to harvest we should focus onmany nests to harvest we should focus on

a. market forces such as the cost of bird’s nest a. market forces such as the cost of bird’s nest soup. soup.

b. international policy. b. international policy.

c. maximum Sustainable Yield. c. maximum Sustainable Yield.

d. The Tragedy of the Commons. d. The Tragedy of the Commons.

e. Cave Swallow cave preference.e. Cave Swallow cave preference.

Most environmental law, policy, Most environmental law, policy, and management plans in the and management plans in the United States are based onUnited States are based ona. Remediating externalities a. Remediating externalities b. Ecological principles b. Ecological principles c. Economic forces c. Economic forces d. The resource conservation ethic d. The resource conservation ethic e. Old English lawse. Old English laws

The The mostmost common use of trees common use of trees worldwide is asworldwide is as

a. pulp in paper production. a. pulp in paper production. b. lumber for building. b. lumber for building. c. fuelwood. c. fuelwood. d. raw material in the manufacture of d. raw material in the manufacture of various synthetics. various synthetics. e. medicines.e. medicines.

The removal of all trees from a given The removal of all trees from a given area in a single cutting to establish a area in a single cutting to establish a new even-aged stand is callednew even-aged stand is called

a. selective cutting. a. selective cutting. b. seed-tree cutting. b. seed-tree cutting. c. clear-cutting. c. clear-cutting. d. shelterwood cutting. d. shelterwood cutting. e. strip-cutting.e. strip-cutting.

Burning of tropical forests in Latin Burning of tropical forests in Latin America, Africa, and AsiaAmerica, Africa, and Asia

a. increased biodiversity. a. increased biodiversity. b. added greenhouse gases to the b. added greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. atmosphere. c. regenerated large areas of forests. c. regenerated large areas of forests. d. increased ecological integrity. d. increased ecological integrity.

In approximately what year did the In approximately what year did the population residing in rural settings population residing in rural settings stop declining?stop declining?a. 1950 a. 1950 b. 1960 b. 1960 c. 1970c. 1970d. 1980d. 1980e. 1990e. 1990

Widespread burning of tropical Widespread burning of tropical rainforests in the Amazon changes rainforests in the Amazon changes weather patterns, reduces rainfall, weather patterns, reduces rainfall, and converts deforested areas intoand converts deforested areas into

a. temperate deciduous forest a. temperate deciduous forest b. tropical dry forest b. tropical dry forest c. savannah c. savannah d. boreal forest d. boreal forest e. tundrae. tundra

Currently, the greatest danger to the Currently, the greatest danger to the national parks isnational parks is

a. human activities in nearby areas. a. human activities in nearby areas. b. uncontrolled populations of prey b. uncontrolled populations of prey because of the decline in predators. because of the decline in predators. c. pollution. c. pollution. d. lack of funding. d. lack of funding. e. soil erosion.e. soil erosion.

Which of the following characteristics Which of the following characteristics would make a species less prone to would make a species less prone to extinction?extinction?

a. nesting in large flocks a. nesting in large flocks

b. requiring large amounts of unfragmented b. requiring large amounts of unfragmented habitat habitat

c. possessing a valuable skin c. possessing a valuable skin

d. serving as a food source for humans d. serving as a food source for humans

e. producing many offspringe. producing many offspring

Fruit-eating bats on many Fruit-eating bats on many tropical islands aretropical islands are

a. keystone species. a. keystone species. b. alien species. b. alien species. c. indicator species. c. indicator species. d. generalists. d. generalists. e. endangered.e. endangered.

What are cetaceans?What are cetaceans?

a. whales and porpoises a. whales and porpoises b. sea turtles b. sea turtles c. seals c. seals d. penguins d. penguins e. walrusese. walruses

Urban populations grew Urban populations grew approximately ____ % from approximately ____ % from 1970 to 1990.1970 to 1990.a. 5 a. 5 b. 23 b. 23 c. 58c. 58d. 82 d. 82 e. 145e. 145

The best long-range strategy to reduce The best long-range strategy to reduce beach erosion isbeach erosion is

a. building structures to trap sand. a. building structures to trap sand. b. preventing development on beach b. preventing development on beach areas.areas.c. importing sand. c. importing sand. d. extensive building on barrier d. extensive building on barrier beaches. beaches. e. building seawalls.e. building seawalls.

What does mitigation banking accomplish?What does mitigation banking accomplish?

a. provides lawyers fees in lawsuits over a. provides lawyers fees in lawsuits over wetlands development wetlands development

b. allows wetland areas to be traded for b. allows wetland areas to be traded for forest areas for development forest areas for development

c. requires all wetlands to me protected c. requires all wetlands to me protected from development from development

d. allows wetlands to be developed as long d. allows wetlands to be developed as long as an equal area of wetland is created or as an equal area of wetland is created or restoredrestored

Which of the following ecosystem types Which of the following ecosystem types has only recently gained attention in has only recently gained attention in the practice of conservation?the practice of conservation?

a. tropical rain forests a. tropical rain forests b. grasslands and prairies b. grasslands and prairies c. marine habitats c. marine habitats d. red wood forests d. red wood forests e. wetlandse. wetlands

An inbreeding depression is likely to An inbreeding depression is likely to lead to:lead to:

a. an increase in the expression of a. an increase in the expression of harmful genetic mutations harmful genetic mutations b. a decrease in unviable offspring b. a decrease in unviable offspring c. an increase in gene flow c. an increase in gene flow d. a decrease in species extinction d. a decrease in species extinction e. an increase in disease resistancee. an increase in disease resistance

In 2000, the suburban population In 2000, the suburban population was was approximately what percent of the approximately what percent of the total population?total population?a. 10% a. 10% b. 25% b. 25% c. 35% c. 35% d. 50% d. 50% e. 85%e. 85%

The facility known as the Svalbard The facility known as the Svalbard Global seed vault is designed to Global seed vault is designed to preserve:preserve:

a. know seed pests a. know seed pests b. seed diversity b. seed diversity c. breeding secrets c. breeding secrets d. emergency food stores d. emergency food stores e. radioactive seeds too dangerous to e. radioactive seeds too dangerous to plantplant

The most severe effect resulting from The most severe effect resulting from loss of insect species globally would loss of insect species globally would likely be:likely be:

a. increase in the disease vectors a. increase in the disease vectors b. reduction in the water quality b. reduction in the water quality c. increase in soil erosion c. increase in soil erosion d. loss of aesthetic value d. loss of aesthetic value e. decline in food crop pollinatione. decline in food crop pollination

Which of the following poses the greatest obstacle Which of the following poses the greatest obstacle to the protection of threatened or endangered to the protection of threatened or endangered species?species?

I. too much regulation makes action slowI. too much regulation makes action slow

II. lack of international treaties to protect II. lack of international treaties to protect speciesspecies

III. enforcement of laws is lacking because of III. enforcement of laws is lacking because of poor funding or supportpoor funding or support

a. II d. I and III

b. III e. I, II, and III

c. I and II

Which setting showed the Which setting showed the greatest overall greatest overall growth rate?growth rate?

a. Urban a. Urban b. Suburban b. Suburban c. Rural c. Rural

  According to the principles of island According to the principles of island biogeography, which of the following biogeography, which of the following factors increases island biodiversity?factors increases island biodiversity?

I. increased proximity to the mainland I. increased proximity to the mainland

II. increased island sizeII. increased island size

III. increased amount of edge habitatIII. increased amount of edge habitat

a. I a. I d. II and III d. II and III

b. III b. III e. I, II, and III e. I, II, and III

c. I and IIc. I and II

Currently, most of the US population Currently, most of the US population lives in ____ areas.lives in ____ areas.

a. Rural a. Rural b. Suburban b. Suburban c. Exurban c. Exurban d. Urban d. Urban e. Superurbane. Superurban

 Which of the following statements about exotic species in the Nordic countries is true?a. The overall number of exotic species increased until about 1950, then started to decrease. b. In marine environments, the

majority of exotic species are vertebrates. c. In freshwater environments, the majority of exotic species are invertebrates. d. Because marine environments have relatively few exotic vertebrate species, we know that these species are not causing any environmental problems. e. In each environment, the number of exotic species has increased over time.