unit 5: the turbulent twenties

Unit 5:

The

Turbulent

Twenties

Unit 5: The Turbulent Twenties

Flappers: Young women of the twenties who dressed in a bold new style. They wore make-up, dresses above the knee and rolled down their stockings. They were considered very loose women.

Focus: Americans want to forget about war and past to focus on their own lives, jobs and families.

1920’sAmerican’s reject stiff and formal ways, women throw out their corsets, long skirts, bobb their hair, paint model T cars in wild colors. Charleston: A popular dance of the 1920’s.

Fads: eating live goldfish, sitting on flag poles, listening to jazz music.

Political Changes:

Americans learn to hate Germans from WWI.

Unit 5: The Turbulent Twenties

Anarchists: people who are against ALL forms of government.

Communists: believe government should control industry and farms where people go to school and work and how much they earn. Freedom of press, religion and speech limited.

Red Scare: A national fear that the communist party would take over the U.S.

Aliens: non-citizens- thousands of “aliens” and Americans jailed for suspected beliefs n communism.

Intolerance: fear and hatred of outsiders-immigrants and minorities were all targets of hate crimes.

1924 Immigration Restriction Act: restricts number of immigrants allowed into the U.S. ALL Asian laborers not allowed in.

Prohibition: begins in 1920, after the 18th Amendment was ratified outlaws the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Unit 5: The Turbulent Unit 5: The Turbulent TwentiesTwenties

Gangsters: Take Gangsters: Take control of illegal liquor control of illegal liquor trade.trade.

Bootleggers: illegal Bootleggers: illegal dealers/ makers/ dealers/ makers/ smugglers of alcohol smugglers of alcohol into the U.S.into the U.S.

Speakeasies: Speakeasies: Prohibition does not Prohibition does not stop illegal bars called stop illegal bars called speakeasies from speakeasies from operating.operating.

Women’s suffrage: Women’s suffrage: women fighting for the women fighting for the right to vote.right to vote.


Wyoming-1890-1Wyoming-1890-1stst state to let women state to let women votevote

1919thth Amendment to the constitution: Amendment to the constitution: ratified in 1920-gives all women in the ratified in 1920-gives all women in the U.S. the right to vote.U.S. the right to vote.

Changes to everyday lifeChanges to everyday life Gadgets: Refrigerators, vacuum Gadgets: Refrigerators, vacuum

cleaners, washing machines all make cleaners, washing machines all make domestic life easier. Electricity starts domestic life easier. Electricity starts to reach rural areasto reach rural areas


Cars-replace horses: Highways appear all over the U.S. Gas Stations, garages and bill boards are all put up because of people traveling in the car.

Media: by the mid-1920’s most homes have radios. By the end of 1920’s “Talkies”-motion pictures with sound come out. Time magazine starts publishing in 1923.


Jazz: Black musicians come to fore front with this Jazz: Black musicians come to fore front with this “new” music. Other black artists and writers become “new” music. Other black artists and writers become famous. Most jazz clubs were white only-jazz famous. Most jazz clubs were white only-jazz musicians could play there but if they couldn’t sit at musicians could play there but if they couldn’t sit at the tables and listen .the tables and listen .

Charles Lindbergh: Made the 1Charles Lindbergh: Made the 1stst solo flight across the solo flight across the

Atlantic Ocean. He made history when he Atlantic Ocean. He made history when he completed a nonstop transatlantic flight in his single-completed a nonstop transatlantic flight in his single-engine monoplane, engine monoplane, Spirit of St. Louis.Spirit of St. Louis. Lindbergh left Lindbergh left New York City in the United States on May 20, 1927, New York City in the United States on May 20, 1927, and arrived at Le Bourget Airport near Paris, France, and arrived at Le Bourget Airport near Paris, France, after a flight of 33 hours and 32 minutes. Lindbergh after a flight of 33 hours and 32 minutes. Lindbergh received worldwide recognition for his feat.received worldwide recognition for his feat.


Babe Ruth set new Babe Ruth set new records in baseball records in baseball that would stand that would stand for 40 years, had for 40 years, had 60 home runs.60 home runs.

Warren Harding-Warren Harding-president in 1921. president in 1921. His administration His administration was shaken by tons was shaken by tons of scandalof scandal..

Unit 5: The Turbulent Unit 5: The Turbulent TwentiesTwenties Boom before the CrashBoom before the Crash

Big Business:1920’s good years for big Big Business:1920’s good years for big business-government controls were business-government controls were reduced. Stock market grows.reduced. Stock market grows.

Stock Certificates-shares of ownership by Stock Certificates-shares of ownership by people of a company.people of a company.

October 1929: Many investors borrow October 1929: Many investors borrow large sums of money to buy stocks. The large sums of money to buy stocks. The stocks they buy are worthless. The price stocks they buy are worthless. The price of stocks go down-causing investors to of stocks go down-causing investors to loose lots of money. Country goes from loose lots of money. Country goes from boom to bust. This triggers the great boom to bust. This triggers the great depression.depression.

Were Sacco & Vanzetti Innocent or Were Sacco & Vanzetti Innocent or Guilty?Guilty?

•Sacco & Vanzetti were Italian Sacco & Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with robbery and immigrants charged with robbery and the murder of a payroll master and the murder of a payroll master and guard.guard.

Verdict: a decision a jury gives a court Verdict: a decision a jury gives a court on whether someone is innocent or on whether someone is innocent or guilty.guilty.

Chapter 22: The Shoemaker & the Fish Peddler

Chapter 22: The Shoemaker and The Chapter 22: The Shoemaker and The Fish PeddlerFish Peddler

Evidence against themEvidence against them

• Sacco’s Revolver: Sacco had a gun of the same type Sacco’s Revolver: Sacco had a gun of the same type that was fired at the crime scene.that was fired at the crime scene.

• Vanzetti: had a gun which might have been the Vanzetti: had a gun which might have been the guards.guards.

• Anarchists: Sacco& Vanzetti were both anarchists. Anarchists: Sacco& Vanzetti were both anarchists. They were afraid of being deported because of this. They were afraid of being deported because of this. So when they were arrested they lied and said that So when they were arrested they lied and said that they weren’t. This lie is exposed in court and it they weren’t. This lie is exposed in court and it makes them seem like they had something to hide.makes them seem like they had something to hide.

• Draft dodgers: Sacco & Vanzetti both dodge the Draft dodgers: Sacco & Vanzetti both dodge the draft of WWI. They openly criticize the U.S. draft of WWI. They openly criticize the U.S. Government. Many Americans consider them Government. Many Americans consider them unpatriotic.unpatriotic.

Chapter 22: The Shoemaker and The Chapter 22: The Shoemaker and The Fish PeddlerFish Peddler

Evidence Against ThemEvidence Against Them

• Prosecution Witnesses: They say that they Prosecution Witnesses: They say that they saw Sacco & Vanzetti at the scene. Only 1 saw Sacco & Vanzetti at the scene. Only 1 witness claims that Vanzetti was at the witness claims that Vanzetti was at the scene as a driver. An Expert testifies that scene as a driver. An Expert testifies that the bullet taken from the guards body is the bullet taken from the guards body is “consistent with” how a bullet would look “consistent with” how a bullet would look from Sacco’s gun. Later this expert admits from Sacco’s gun. Later this expert admits that he was coached by the prosecution on that he was coached by the prosecution on what to say because he could not positively what to say because he could not positively identify the bullet.identify the bullet.

Chapter 22: The Shoemaker and The Fish Chapter 22: The Shoemaker and The Fish PeddlerPeddler

Evidence for themEvidence for them Sacco: skilled shoemaker says he owns a gun for protection Sacco: skilled shoemaker says he owns a gun for protection

from people who hated anarchist.from people who hated anarchist. Vanzetti: A fish peddler says he bought a gun to protect Vanzetti: A fish peddler says he bought a gun to protect

himself against robberies.himself against robberies. Sacco & Vanzetti: Have never been in trouble before.Sacco & Vanzetti: Have never been in trouble before. Driver: only 1 witness claims to have seen Vanzetti. Other Driver: only 1 witness claims to have seen Vanzetti. Other

witnesses said that the driver of the get away car had very witnesses said that the driver of the get away car had very fair skin while Vanzetti was very dark complected.fair skin while Vanzetti was very dark complected.

13 Witnesses: testify that they saw Vanzetti selling fish that 13 Witnesses: testify that they saw Vanzetti selling fish that day.day.

Consulate: A place where foreigners go for information and Consulate: A place where foreigners go for information and to get help. Witnesses place Sacco at the Italian consulate to get help. Witnesses place Sacco at the Italian consulate in Boston that day. Which is over 2 hours from the crime in Boston that day. Which is over 2 hours from the crime scene.scene.

Chapter 22: The Shoemaker and The Fish Chapter 22: The Shoemaker and The Fish PeddlerPeddler

Sacco & Vanzetti Found GuiltySacco & Vanzetti Found Guilty

Professional Robbers: after the trial is over a Professional Robbers: after the trial is over a member of a gang confesses to the murders. member of a gang confesses to the murders. He looks a lot like Sacco.He looks a lot like Sacco.

Judge Webster Thayer: Is the judge at the 1Judge Webster Thayer: Is the judge at the 1stst trial. He refuses to accept the confession of trial. He refuses to accept the confession of the gang member for a re-trial. In the Spring the gang member for a re-trial. In the Spring of 1927, after all appeals are turned down. of 1927, after all appeals are turned down. He orders the death sentence for Sacco & He orders the death sentence for Sacco & Vanzetti. People all over the world protest. Vanzetti. People all over the world protest. MA Gov. Alan T. Fuller appoints a committee MA Gov. Alan T. Fuller appoints a committee to review the evidence. The committee to review the evidence. The committee agrees with the verdict. Sacco & Vanzetti agrees with the verdict. Sacco & Vanzetti claim their innocence until they are executed.claim their innocence until they are executed.

Chapter 23: ProhibitionChapter 23: Prohibition Prohibition: No Alcohol.Prohibition: No Alcohol. Temperance Movement: Wanted to discourage Temperance Movement: Wanted to discourage

people from drinking in the beginning-as time people from drinking in the beginning-as time passed they wanted alcohol to be illegal.passed they wanted alcohol to be illegal.

Evangelical: according to Christian teachingsEvangelical: according to Christian teachings Evangelical Protestant Churches: join other Evangelical Protestant Churches: join other

groups to try to convince Americans to outlaw groups to try to convince Americans to outlaw alcohol.alcohol.

WWI: Prohibitionist claim that drinking is WWI: Prohibitionist claim that drinking is unpatriotic. Many breweries are owned by unpatriotic. Many breweries are owned by Germans- there is a great anti-German feeling left Germans- there is a great anti-German feeling left from WWI. In 1920 little more than a year after from WWI. In 1920 little more than a year after WWI is over, 36 states outlaw the sale of alcohol.WWI is over, 36 states outlaw the sale of alcohol.

Volstead Act: Penalties for violating prohibition. It Volstead Act: Penalties for violating prohibition. It quickly becomes one of the most disobeyed laws quickly becomes one of the most disobeyed laws in American history.in American history.

Chapter 23: ProhibitionChapter 23: Prohibition Bathtub Gin: a homemade liquor that was Bathtub Gin: a homemade liquor that was

often dangerous- it could end up blinding or often dangerous- it could end up blinding or poisoning a person because of the wood poisoning a person because of the wood grain alcohol.grain alcohol.

Corruption: Law officials accept bribes to look Corruption: Law officials accept bribes to look the other way concerning alcohol.the other way concerning alcohol.

Organized crime: Gangsters start carving out Organized crime: Gangsters start carving out territories-where they sold liquor. They territories-where they sold liquor. They settled conflicts with submachine guns and settled conflicts with submachine guns and bombs. In Chicago alone 500 gang murders bombs. In Chicago alone 500 gang murders took place.took place.

Izzy & Moe: Prohibition Agents who made Izzy & Moe: Prohibition Agents who made over 4000 arrests and seized 15 million over 4000 arrests and seized 15 million gallons of illegal liquor.gallons of illegal liquor.

1929: Great Depression starts Prohibition 1929: Great Depression starts Prohibition ends.ends.

The Anti Saloon League was founded in 1893 in Oberlin, Ohio

Chapter 24: Fighting For Chapter 24: Fighting For RightsRights

65 Years: American women had been fighting for 65 Years: American women had been fighting for the right to vote. Men thought that Politics were a the right to vote. Men thought that Politics were a dirty business and unfit for the “gentle sex.”dirty business and unfit for the “gentle sex.”

Pro-suffragists: people who wanted women to have Pro-suffragists: people who wanted women to have the right to vote. They argued that women deserve the right to vote. They argued that women deserve the same rights as men since they are all human.the same rights as men since they are all human.

Congressional Union: Later becomes the Women’s Congressional Union: Later becomes the Women’s Party founded by Alice Paul. She wanted the focus Party founded by Alice Paul. She wanted the focus on suffrage. She had no fear of embarrassing on suffrage. She had no fear of embarrassing politicians if it would help her reach her goal.politicians if it would help her reach her goal.

Carrie Chapman Catt: Worked for women to get the Carrie Chapman Catt: Worked for women to get the vote but strongly disagreed with Paul’s tactics.vote but strongly disagreed with Paul’s tactics.

Chapter 24: Fighting For Chapter 24: Fighting For RightsRights

War Intervenes: Focus falls off of women’s War Intervenes: Focus falls off of women’s right to vote with the outbreak of WWI. right to vote with the outbreak of WWI. Suffragists do not support the war but Catt Suffragists do not support the war but Catt decides to support the war so that President decides to support the war so that President Wilson will support the women’s right to Wilson will support the women’s right to vote. Women still demonstrated, but were vote. Women still demonstrated, but were peaceful. Police begin arresting them-peaceful. Police begin arresting them-eventually 200 women were arrested and eventually 200 women were arrested and sent to prison. The Prison is dirty, food is full sent to prison. The Prison is dirty, food is full of maggots and worms. The women start a of maggots and worms. The women start a hunger strike which is publicized across the hunger strike which is publicized across the country. It creates such a scandal that the country. It creates such a scandal that the suffragist movement is passed through an suffragist movement is passed through an amendment. Women can vote.amendment. Women can vote.

Lobbied: attempted to influence law makers.Lobbied: attempted to influence law makers.

Chapter 25: The Harlem Chapter 25: The Harlem RenaissanceRenaissance

Harlem: The largest black urban community Harlem: The largest black urban community at the time.at the time.

The Crisis: A newspaper for the National The Crisis: A newspaper for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP. It published black authors.People, NAACP. It published black authors.

Opportunity: A magazine with black artists Opportunity: A magazine with black artists published by the National Urban Leaguepublished by the National Urban League

Harlem Renaissance: A period of cultural Harlem Renaissance: A period of cultural rebirth of Harlem. Harlem Renaissance rebirth of Harlem. Harlem Renaissance authors cried out against the social injustice authors cried out against the social injustice they saw. They demanded full equality for they saw. They demanded full equality for blacks.blacks.


Langston Hughes: An African-Langston Hughes: An African-American poet and author. He American poet and author. He wrote about the problems people wrote about the problems people of color faced in America. He of color faced in America. He wrote about the Harlem wrote about the Harlem Renaissance.Renaissance.

Jazz and Blues: Music brought by Jazz and Blues: Music brought by black musicians from the South to black musicians from the South to the North. Famous musicians the North. Famous musicians were: Duke Ellington, Cab were: Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Louis Armstrong. They Calloway, Louis Armstrong. They played in clubs like the Cotton played in clubs like the Cotton Club, they played there but were Club, they played there but were not allowed to go as a customer.not allowed to go as a customer.


Harlem Renaissance Ends: The Harlem Renaissance Ends: The renaissance ends in 1930 with the renaissance ends in 1930 with the Great Depression. No one had Great Depression. No one had money to go to shows.money to go to shows.

Chapter 26 “My Candle Chapter 26 “My Candle Burns”Burns”

Bohemia: an area where people lived who had Bohemia: an area where people lived who had unconventional lifestyles. Greenwich in New unconventional lifestyles. Greenwich in New York, Hate Ashbury in San Francisco. They York, Hate Ashbury in San Francisco. They had social freedom, could dress casually, had social freedom, could dress casually, women could go places unchaperoned, people women could go places unchaperoned, people mingle- these behaviors were forbidden mingle- these behaviors were forbidden elsewhere.elsewhere.

Edna St. Vincent Millay: A famous female poet Edna St. Vincent Millay: A famous female poet of the 1920’s.of the 1920’s.

F. Scott Fitzgerald: A writer, who wrote The F. Scott Fitzgerald: A writer, who wrote The Great Gatsby. He led an extravagant life. He Great Gatsby. He led an extravagant life. He died at the age of 44 from alcoholism.died at the age of 44 from alcoholism.

I will put Chaos into fourteen lines And keep him there; and let him thence escape If he be lucky; let him twist, and ape Flood, fire, and demon --- his adroit designs Will strain to nothing in the strict confines Of this sweet order, where, in pious rape, I hold his essence and amorphous shape, Till he with Order mingles and combines. Past are the hours, the years of our duress, His arrogance, our awful servitude: I have him. He is nothing more nor less Than something simple not yet understood; I shall not even force him to confess; Or answer. I will only make him good. --- Edna St. Vincent Millay

Chapter 27: The Tin LizzieChapter 27: The Tin Lizzie

Model-T: a car built by Henry Ford also Model-T: a car built by Henry Ford also known as Tin Lizzie.known as Tin Lizzie.

Henry Ford: at age 16 he quit farming to Henry Ford: at age 16 he quit farming to work as a mechanic in Detroit. December work as a mechanic in Detroit. December 1893, he begins working on gasoline 1893, he begins working on gasoline engines. They use 2 cylinders and have 3 engines. They use 2 cylinders and have 3 horsepower. The car weighed 500 pounds, horsepower. The car weighed 500 pounds, first trial run on June 4, 1896.first trial run on June 4, 1896.

Ford Motor Company: formed in 1903. The Ford Motor Company: formed in 1903. The first Model T came out in 1908. The Model T first Model T came out in 1908. The Model T is the only Ford model produced until 1927.is the only Ford model produced until 1927.

Henry Ford

The

assembly

line

at

Ford

Motor

Company

Chapter 27: The Tin LizzieChapter 27: The Tin LizzieCrank start: the Model T had no ignition starter to turn the engine over. You had to crank it. The Tin Lizzie or the Model T was only 8 feet long, high enough off the ground to clear ruts, large stones, and it was very light, it could pull itself out of the sand and mud. Farmers could use the Model T engine to pump water, saw wood and run machinery. Hardly anything goes wrong with the Model T and if it does it is very cheap to fix.

Chapter 27: The Tin LizzieChapter 27: The Tin Lizzie Ford’s Assembly Ford’s Assembly

Line:Line:11,000 Model T’s made 11,000 Model T’s made

in 1908, sold for in 1908, sold for $850, other cars of $850, other cars of the time sell for the time sell for $2550. Assembly-line $2550. Assembly-line makes it possible to makes it possible to turn out cars, much turn out cars, much faster and cheaper. faster and cheaper. By 1924 1.6 million By 1924 1.6 million Model T’s were Model T’s were produced and cost produced and cost $300$300

Chapter 27: The Tin LizzieChapter 27: The Tin Lizzie

June 4, 1924: 10June 4, 1924: 10thth million Model T million Model T made car was made car was driven from New driven from New York to San York to San FranciscoFrancisco

Chapter 28: The Amazing Box & Flying Chapter 28: The Amazing Box & Flying MachineMachine

Guglielmo Marconi: Built the first radio in 1895. Guglielmo Marconi: Built the first radio in 1895. The first radio could not carry voices or music only The first radio could not carry voices or music only static-like sounds. Radio’s used Morse Code. In static-like sounds. Radio’s used Morse Code. In 1900 radios started sending music and voices over 1900 radios started sending music and voices over the air.the air.

Dr. Frank Conrad: Set up an amateur radio station. Dr. Frank Conrad: Set up an amateur radio station. People started listening to him. He worked for the People started listening to him. He worked for the Westinghouse Company. Westinghouse thinks Westinghouse Company. Westinghouse thinks that radio is going to be big so they start the first that radio is going to be big so they start the first commercial station. The First commercial station commercial station. The First commercial station broadcast is of the Presidential elections and broadcast is of the Presidential elections and Warren Harding was elected President.Warren Harding was elected President.

Live Music: The music that was on the airways was Live Music: The music that was on the airways was made with a live band and was broadcast from made with a live band and was broadcast from coast to coast.coast to coast.

Chapter 28: The Amazing Box & The Flying MachineChapter 28: The Amazing Box & The Flying Machine

Flying Machine-Lucky Lundy: May Flying Machine-Lucky Lundy: May 1927: Charles Lindbergh’s “The Spirit 1927: Charles Lindbergh’s “The Spirit of St. Louis” Airplane flew 33 and ½ of St. Louis” Airplane flew 33 and ½ hours from New York to Paris. He hours from New York to Paris. He became the first man to make a became the first man to make a transcontinental flight. He was transcontinental flight. He was considered a national hero for doing considered a national hero for doing so. His child was later kidnapped so. His child was later kidnapped and found dead.and found dead.

Title Booklet: Unit 5 Study Title Booklet: Unit 5 Study GuideGuide

Draw a picture that is representative Draw a picture that is representative of the “Turbulent Twenties” Ideas: of the “Turbulent Twenties” Ideas: Flappers,Flappers,

Model T, Sitting on Flag Poles Etc.Model T, Sitting on Flag Poles Etc.

Answer Questions on the inside, you Answer Questions on the inside, you may use your notes, books, each may use your notes, books, each other or your teacher for help.other or your teacher for help.

unit 5: the turbulent twenties

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turbulent twentiesjazz

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turbulent twenties anarchists

young women