Unit 6: Literary NonfictionUnit 6: Literary Nonfiction

CHS English ICHS English IApril 22, 2013April 22, 2013

Types of Nonfiction Types of Nonfiction

1.1. ESSAYESSAY: examines and discusses a focused : examines and discusses a focused topic, often including the writer’s personal topic, often including the writer’s personal viewpoints. viewpoints.

2.2. ARTICLEARTICLE: provides information about a topic, : provides information about a topic, person, or event. person, or event.

3.3. SPEECHSPEECH: written to be read aloud; presents a : written to be read aloud; presents a topic and may persuade, inform, explain, or topic and may persuade, inform, explain, or entertain. entertain.

Types of Essays Types of Essays

1.1. NARRATIVENARRATIVE essays tell the stories of real-life essays tell the stories of real-life events. Examples include autobiographies and events. Examples include autobiographies and memoirs.memoirs.

2.2. EXPOSITORYEXPOSITORY essays inform or explain. Examples essays inform or explain. Examples include analytical essays and research reports.include analytical essays and research reports.

3.3. PERSUASIVEPERSUASIVE essays present reasons and essays present reasons and evidence to convince the reader to act or think evidence to convince the reader to act or think in a certain way. Examples include editorials in a certain way. Examples include editorials and political speeches.and political speeches.

Types of Essays Types of Essays

4.4. DESCRIPTIVEDESCRIPTIVE essays use details related to the essays use details related to the senses to create mental images for the senses to create mental images for the reader. Examples include character sketches reader. Examples include character sketches and scientific observations.and scientific observations.

5.5. REFLECTIVEREFLECTIVE essays express the writer’s essays express the writer’s thoughts and feelings in response to a thoughts and feelings in response to a personal experience or to an idea. personal experience or to an idea.

Important Elements: Important Elements:

• StyleStyle: the way an author uses language; reflects personality. : the way an author uses language; reflects personality. – Examples: formal v. slang language; use of figurative language; word Examples: formal v. slang language; use of figurative language; word

choice; sentence patternschoice; sentence patterns

• ToneTone: the author’s attitude toward both the subject and the : the author’s attitude toward both the subject and the audience; you can “hear” tone; often can be described in one audience; you can “hear” tone; often can be described in one word.word.

• PerspectivePerspective: the viewpoint or opinion of the author. : the viewpoint or opinion of the author. BiasBias occurs when the author chooses a particular side in an occurs when the author chooses a particular side in an argument. argument.

• PurposePurpose: the author’s reason for writing. (Persuade, : the author’s reason for writing. (Persuade, entertain, inform, etc.). entertain, inform, etc.).

Check Your Understanding Check Your Understanding 1.1. Formal, friendly, or casualFormal, friendly, or casual

a)a) StyleStyleb)b) Descriptive Descriptive

2.2. Encouraging polite behavior Encouraging polite behavior a)a) EssayEssayb)b) BiasBias

3.3. Retelling a historical event Retelling a historical event a)a) PersuasivePersuasiveb)b) NarrativeNarrative

4.4. Explaining how Congress votesExplaining how Congress votesa)a) ExpositoryExpositoryb)b) ReflectiveReflective

5.5. Comic, mysterious, or doubtfulComic, mysterious, or doubtfula)a) ToneToneb)b) Article Article

Unit Vocabulary:Unit Vocabulary:1.1. Epicenter: focal or central point Epicenter: focal or central point 2.2. Palpable: able to be touched or felt; tangible Palpable: able to be touched or felt; tangible 3.3. Entrenched: securely established; unmovable Entrenched: securely established; unmovable 4.4. Bravado: false courage or confidence Bravado: false courage or confidence 5.5. Lexicon: the special vocabulary of a particular subject Lexicon: the special vocabulary of a particular subject 6.6. Despotic: like an absolute ruler or tyrant Despotic: like an absolute ruler or tyrant 7.7. Censure: strong disapproval Censure: strong disapproval 8.8. Droll: funny in an odd or dry way Droll: funny in an odd or dry way 9.9. Abolitionist: person in favor of doing away with slavery Abolitionist: person in favor of doing away with slavery 10.10. Raillery: good-natured teasing Raillery: good-natured teasing 11.11. Hallowed: sacred Hallowed: sacred 12.12. Degenerate: grow worse Degenerate: grow worse 13.13. Creed: statement of belief Creed: statement of belief 14.14. Renegade: disloyal; traitorous Renegade: disloyal; traitorous 15.15. Feisty: full of spirit; energetic Feisty: full of spirit; energetic

Copy down the term and definition. Copy down the term and definition.

Use FIVE words in a sentence. Use FIVE words in a sentence. (5 sentences). (5 sentences).

““Before Hip-Before Hip-Hop Hop Was Hip-Hop”Was Hip-Hop”Narrative/Reflective Essay, p. 391Narrative/Reflective Essay, p. 391

by Rebecca Walker by Rebecca Walker (b. 1969)(b. 1969)

• This essay discusses the impact of hip-hop This essay discusses the impact of hip-hop music and culture of the author’s life. music and culture of the author’s life.

• She addresses the idea of how young people She addresses the idea of how young people created their own culture in the form of the created their own culture in the form of the hip-hop movement. hip-hop movement.

• She suggests that this culture was not a She suggests that this culture was not a passing fad, that it was a genuine expression passing fad, that it was a genuine expression of “new cosmopolitan sense of solidarity of “new cosmopolitan sense of solidarity among urban American teens.” among urban American teens.”

““Before Hip-Hop Was Before Hip-Hop Was Hip-Hop”Hip-Hop”

RESTATE all questions in your answers. I should be able to know what question RESTATE all questions in your answers. I should be able to know what question was asked without looking at this slide. was asked without looking at this slide. 1.1.What did you enjoy most about Walker’s descriptions of hip-hop culture What did you enjoy most about Walker’s descriptions of hip-hop culture during her youth? Explain in 2-3 sentences. during her youth? Explain in 2-3 sentences. 2.2.In what specific ways did hip-hop help Walker and her friends overcome their In what specific ways did hip-hop help Walker and her friends overcome their differences? What other benefits did hip-hop provide to young people in that differences? What other benefits did hip-hop provide to young people in that time and place? Answer in 2-3 sentences. time and place? Answer in 2-3 sentences. 3.3.What differences does Walker find between the music of her youth and What differences does Walker find between the music of her youth and today’s hip-hop? Is this judgment fair or biased? Explain in 2-3 sentences. today’s hip-hop? Is this judgment fair or biased? Explain in 2-3 sentences. 4.4.What strategies do teenagers use today to express themselves? Explain in 2-What strategies do teenagers use today to express themselves? Explain in 2-3 sentences. 3 sentences. 5.5.TONE: Is the tone of Walker’s essay personal or impersonal? What other TONE: Is the tone of Walker’s essay personal or impersonal? What other adjectives would you use to describe her tone? adjectives would you use to describe her tone? List 2-3 specific examples from the text List 2-3 specific examples from the text to support your conclusions. to support your conclusions.

““Before Hip-Hop Was Hip-Before Hip-Hop Was Hip-Hop”: ReviewHop”: Review

from from A Lincoln A Lincoln PrefacePrefaceBiographical Writing, p. 452Biographical Writing, p. 452by Carl Sandburg (1878-1967)by Carl Sandburg (1878-1967)

from from A Lincoln PrefaceA Lincoln Preface

• This is an excerpt (or small section) of Carl This is an excerpt (or small section) of Carl Sandburg’s monumental biography of Lincoln. Sandburg’s monumental biography of Lincoln.

• This biography is still considered one of the This biography is still considered one of the most important examinations of Lincoln’s life. most important examinations of Lincoln’s life.

• Sandburg provides the audience with a series of Sandburg provides the audience with a series of anecdotesanecdotes that show Lincoln’s humor, that show Lincoln’s humor, determination, and political skills. determination, and political skills.

• Carl Sandburg is one of America’s most Carl Sandburg is one of America’s most influential writers (biographer, poet, etc.). influential writers (biographer, poet, etc.).

from from A Lincoln PrefaceA Lincoln Preface: : ReviewReviewRESTATE all questions in your answers. I should be able to know what RESTATE all questions in your answers. I should be able to know what question was asked without looking at this slide. question was asked without looking at this slide. 1.1.Which story about Lincoln interested you the most? Explain why in Which story about Lincoln interested you the most? Explain why in 2-3 2-3 sentencessentences. . 2.2.To whom did Lincoln refer as “the little woman who wrote the book that To whom did Lincoln refer as “the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war”? made this great war”? 3.3.According to Sandburg, what personal qualities make Lincoln a great According to Sandburg, what personal qualities make Lincoln a great historical figure, “an American possession,”? historical figure, “an American possession,”? Explain in 2-3 sentencesExplain in 2-3 sentences..4.4.Do you think Lincoln was justified in violating the constitution to save the Do you think Lincoln was justified in violating the constitution to save the Union? Why or why not? (Union? Why or why not? (2-3 sentences2-3 sentences). ). 5.5.Look at the painting of Lincoln on p. 452 (Look at the painting of Lincoln on p. 452 (Lincoln Proclaiming ThanksgivingLincoln Proclaiming Thanksgiving, , Dean Cornwell). Does this painting portray Lincoln as a man of great power? Dean Cornwell). Does this painting portray Lincoln as a man of great power? Explain in 5 sentencesExplain in 5 sentences. .

““I Have A Dream”I Have A Dream”Persuasive Speech, p. 494Persuasive Speech, p. 494

Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968)Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968)

““I Have A Dream”I Have A Dream”

• In this speech, MLK challenges Americans to In this speech, MLK challenges Americans to live up to the national ideals of equality and live up to the national ideals of equality and justice. justice.

• MLK was the most charismatic and important MLK was the most charismatic and important leader of the Civil Rights Movement. leader of the Civil Rights Movement.

• At 35, MLK became the youngest, and only the At 35, MLK became the youngest, and only the third black man, to win the Nobel Peace Prize.third black man, to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

• King was assassinated on April 4, 1968. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968.

““I Have A Dream”: I Have A Dream”: ReviewReviewRESTATE all questions in your answers. I should be able to know what RESTATE all questions in your answers. I should be able to know what question was asked without looking at this slide. question was asked without looking at this slide. 1.1.In this persuasive speech, what is Dr. King trying to persuade his In this persuasive speech, what is Dr. King trying to persuade his audience to think or do? What persuasive/rhetorical devices does he use audience to think or do? What persuasive/rhetorical devices does he use to convince the audience?to convince the audience?2.2.What feelings does Dr. King’s speech stir in you? Explain in 2-3 What feelings does Dr. King’s speech stir in you? Explain in 2-3 sentences. sentences. 3.3.In what ways does Dr. King appeal to emotion in his speech? In what In what ways does Dr. King appeal to emotion in his speech? In what ways does he appeal to reason (knowledge)? Explain in 2-3 sentences.ways does he appeal to reason (knowledge)? Explain in 2-3 sentences.4.4.How would you describe Dr. King’s expression when he gives this How would you describe Dr. King’s expression when he gives this speech? Explain in 2-3 sentences. speech? Explain in 2-3 sentences. 5.5.Why do you think this speech is considered one of the greatest in Why do you think this speech is considered one of the greatest in modern history? Is it worthy of this standing? Explain your thoughts in 2-modern history? Is it worthy of this standing? Explain your thoughts in 2-3 sentences. 3 sentences.

““I Have A Dream”: I Have A Dream”: Review: 4/6Review: 4/6RESTATE all questions in your answers. I should be able to know what RESTATE all questions in your answers. I should be able to know what question was asked without looking at this slide. question was asked without looking at this slide. 1.1.In this persuasive speech, what is Dr. King trying to persuade his audience In this persuasive speech, what is Dr. King trying to persuade his audience to think or do? What persuasive/rhetorical devices does he use to convince to think or do? What persuasive/rhetorical devices does he use to convince the audience?the audience?2.2.What feelings does Dr. King’s speech stir in you? What feelings does Dr. King’s speech stir in you? Explain in 2-3 sentencesExplain in 2-3 sentences. . 3.3.In what ways does Dr. King appeal to emotion in his speech? In what ways In what ways does Dr. King appeal to emotion in his speech? In what ways does he appeal to reason (knowledge)? does he appeal to reason (knowledge)? Explain in 2-3 sentencesExplain in 2-3 sentences..4.4.Why do you think this speech is considered one of the greatest in modern Why do you think this speech is considered one of the greatest in modern history? Is it worthy of this standing? history? Is it worthy of this standing? Explain your thoughts in 4-5 Explain your thoughts in 4-5 sentencessentences. . 5.5.How would you describe Dr. King’s expression/diction/performance when How would you describe Dr. King’s expression/diction/performance when he gives this speech? How is listening to, and/or, viewing the speech differ he gives this speech? How is listening to, and/or, viewing the speech differ from reading it silently? from reading it silently? Explain in 4-5 sentencesExplain in 4-5 sentences. .

““Go Deep to the Go Deep to the Sewer”Sewer”Humorous, Reflective Essay, p. 525Humorous, Reflective Essay, p. 525by Bill Cosby (b. 1937)by Bill Cosby (b. 1937)

““Go Deep to the Sewer”Go Deep to the Sewer”

• Bill Cosby grew up in a poor, underprivileged Bill Cosby grew up in a poor, underprivileged neighborhood in Philadelphia.neighborhood in Philadelphia.

• He always had a knack for finding humor in He always had a knack for finding humor in difficult situations and would regularly difficult situations and would regularly perform comedy routines for his mother and perform comedy routines for his mother and other family members. other family members.

• This essay describes the games Cosby and his This essay describes the games Cosby and his friends played as children, with a tone that is friends played as children, with a tone that is both warm-hearted and self-mocking. both warm-hearted and self-mocking.

““Go Deep to the Sewer”Go Deep to the Sewer”RESTATE all questions in your answers. I should be able to know what RESTATE all questions in your answers. I should be able to know what question was asked without looking at this slide. question was asked without looking at this slide. 1.1.How did Cosby describe his physical stature as a child? How did How did Cosby describe his physical stature as a child? How did these physical limitation affect his skills at various sports?these physical limitation affect his skills at various sports?2.2.What neighborhood features were part of the “diamond” on which What neighborhood features were part of the “diamond” on which Cosby and his friends played stickball? Cosby and his friends played stickball? 3.3.What does Cosby’s description of the playing space say about the What does Cosby’s description of the playing space say about the people who live in his neighborhood? What does it say about the people who live in his neighborhood? What does it say about the safety of the games that these children played?safety of the games that these children played?4.4.What does Cosby mean when he says, “the essence of childhood…is What does Cosby mean when he says, “the essence of childhood…is play”? Do you agree with his statement? Explain in 3-5 sentences. play”? Do you agree with his statement? Explain in 3-5 sentences. 5.5.List and explain AT LEAST three examples of hyperbole in the essay. List and explain AT LEAST three examples of hyperbole in the essay.