unit 6 nomenclature chapters 8.3 & 9.2 test: friday december 5, 2008
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 6 Unit 6 NomenclatureNomenclature
Unit 6 Unit 6 NomenclatureNomenclature
Chapters 8.3 & 9.2Chapters 8.3 & 9.2Test: Friday December 5, 2008Test: Friday December 5, 2008
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Nomenclature• Naming system for chemical formulas• Names are specific to different groups of
compounds (ex: ionic compounds are named differently from covalent compounds)
• Makes communication more efficient (ex: it is much each to read 10,000 as “ten thousand” than “one zero zero zero zero”)
Let’s look at some household items that have chemical names…
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Common Chemical Names
Sodium chloride (NaCl)is table salt used in food
Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is saltpeter used in fertilizer, gunpowder, and food preservatives
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is lye used in soaps and drain cleaner
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is baking soda used in food, cleaning products, and antacids
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Common Chemical Names
Potassium bromide (KBr) is used to prevent epilepsy (seizures) in dogs
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is laughing gas used as an anesthetic and to boost auto engine power
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is epsom salt used medically as a soak for aches & pains
Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is vinegar used in food and photography development
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Common Chemical Names
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an ingredient in toothpaste used for cavity prevention
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is found in rocks (limestone and marble), shells, chalk; primary cause of hard water
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as a bleaching agent, emetic (induces vomiting), and an antiseptic (clean cuts and scrapes)
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is one the components of our gastric (stomach) juices
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Groups We Will Name:Binary SaltsTernary SaltsSalts with Multiple Oxidation NumbersBinary AcidsTernary AcidsHydratesCovalent Molecules
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Binary Salts• Contains 2 elements: metal &
nonmetal• Naming:
– Name the metal– Drop the end of nonmetal and add “ide”
• Example: MgCl2 = magnesium chloride
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Binary Salts Practice• Name:
– NaCl– CaF2
– K2O
• Write formulas:– Lithium nitride– Aluminum iodide
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Ternary Salts• Contains 3 elements: metals and
polyatomic ions• Naming:
– Name the metal– Name the polyatomic ion
• Example: Na2SO4 = sodium sulfate
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Ternary Salts Practice• Name:
– K3PO3
– CaCO3
– Al(NO3)3
• Write Formulas:– Barium hydroxide– Cesium chromate
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Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers
• Includes binary and ternary salts• Naming:
– Name the metal– Put the roman numeral giving the oxidation # of the
metal in parentheses– Name the nonmetal, changing the ending to “ide” or
name the polyatomic ion
• Example:– FeCl2 = Iron (II) chloride– FeCl3 = Iron (III) chloride
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Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Practice
• Name:– Cu(NO2)2
– PbSO4
• Write Formulas:– Cobalt (III) hydroxide– Nickel (II) iodide– Chromium (II) phosphate
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Binary Acids• Contains 2 elements: H & a
nonmetal• Naming:
– Begin with prefix “hydro”– Drop nonmetal ending and add “ic”– Add the word acid
• Example: HCl = hydrochloric acid
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Binary Acids Practice• Name:
– HF
– H2S
• Write formulas:– Hydroiodic acid– Hydrobromic acid
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Ternary Acids• Contains 3 elements: H & a polyatomic
ion• Naming:
– Look at the polyatomic ions name• If the name ends in “ate”, change to “ic”• If the name ends in “ite”, change to “ous”
– Add the word acid
• Example: H2CO3 carbonic acid
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Ternary Acids Practice• Name:
– H2SO4
– HNO2
– HClO3
• Write Formulas:– Phosphorous acid– Oxalic acid– Nitrous acid
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Covalent Molecules
• Contains 2 nonmetals• Naming:
– Name the 1st element with prefix to indicate the # of atoms (only if more than one, never start with mono)
– Name the 2nd element• use prefix to indicate the number of atoms present• Drop the ending of the elements name and use “ide” ending
• Example: CO2 = carbon dioxide
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mono-
di- tri- tetra- penta-
hexa- hepta-
octa- non- deca-
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Covalent Molecules Practice• Name:
– N2O5
– N2O– CS2
– SF6
• Write Formula:– Carbon monoxide– Dinitrogen trioxide– Oxygen dicloride