unit 7 naming and formulas chapter 9-10. ionic compounds ionic compounds are electrically neutral,...
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Unit 7
Naming and FormulasChapter 9-10
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Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds are electrically neutral, even though they are composed of charged ions Total positive charge equals total
negative charge
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Determining Formulas
Must be electrically neutral Total positive charge must equal total
negative charge Use oxidation numbers from
Periodic Table Group 1 +1 Group 2 +2 Group 13 +3 Group 15 -3 Group 16 -2 Group 17 -1
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Determining Formulas
Determine number of each ion to balance out charge Use as subscript for element symbol Ex: CaCl2, Na3PO4, Mg(NO3)2
Write Positive Ion First
Formula must be smallest whole-number ratio
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Example
Sodium and Chlorine
Na+ Cl-
Na1Cl1
NaCl
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Example
Calcium and Fluorine
CaF2
Ca+2 F- F-
Ca1F2
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Examples
Potassium and Oxygen
K2O
K+ O-2K+
K2O1
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Polyatomic Ions
Group of atoms that collectively have gained or lost electrons (Table E)
Sodium and Nitrate
Na+ (NO3)-
Na1(NO3)1
NaNO3
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More Examples
Potassium and Sulfate
Ammonium and Sulfur
K2SO4
(NH4)2S
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Short-cut (criss-cross method)
Magnesium and Phosphate
Mg3(PO4)2
Mg+2 PO4-3
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Short-cut (criss-cross method)
Magnesium and Carbonate
Mg2(CO3)2
Mg+2 CO3-2
MgCO3
Must Simplify
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Naming Ions
Positive Ions, cations, simply retain their name. Na+ Sodium Ion Mg2+ Magnesium Ion
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Naming Ions
Negative Ions, anions, change ending of element to –ide Cl- Chloride Ion Br- Bromide Ion
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Unique Anions Names N3- Nitride Ion
O2- Oxide Ion
S2- Sulfide Ion
P3- Phosphide Ion
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Stock System
Used when the metal has more than one positive oxidation number
Use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of the ion
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Roman NumeralsCation Charge
Roman Numeral
+1 I
+2 II
+3 III
+4 IV
+5 V
+6 VI
+7 VII
+8 VIII
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Stock System Examples
Fe+2 Iron(II) Cu+ Copper(I) Mn+7 Manganese(VII) Au+3 Gold(III) Cr+6 Chromium(VI) Pb+4 Lead(IV)
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Polyatomic Ions
Selected polyatomic ions are on Table E in the Reference Tables.
Polyatomic ions keep their names in most chemical names
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Naming Systems
Ionic System Stock System (Roman Numerals)
Binary Covalent System (Prefixes)
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When to use ionic system
First element is a metal NaCl
More than 2 elements, meaning polyatomic ion is involved NH4Cl
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Naming Ionic Compounds
Name positive ion first, then negative ion. NaCl Sodium chloride Fe(OH)2 Iron(II) hydroxide
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Binary Covalent Compounds
Use when compound is 2 nonmetals Including metalloids
Use a prefix system to indicate the number of atoms for each element
Second element ends in -ide
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Prefixes
Number of atoms Prefix
1 mono-
2 di-
3 tri-
4 tetra-
5 penta-
6 hexa-
7 hepta-
8 octa-
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Example
N2Cl3 Dinitrogen Trichloride
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Exceptions
When there is only one atom of the first element, do not use mono- prefix. CO2
Carbon dioxide OF2
Oxygen difluoride
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Exceptions
When an element starts with a vowel, drop any o or a at the end of a prefix CO
Carbon Monooxide Carbon Monoxide
P2O5
Diphosphorus Pentaoxide Diphosphorus Pentoxide