UNIT 7B: East and Southeast Asia Today

Lesson 1: Later History of East Asia Essential Question: What role should people have in their government?

*Define “bureaucracy” Write the definition here:

a) The Tang and Song Dynasties

i) Two Strong Dynasties: By 624, the dynasty had won control of China.

Under the Tang, first spread to China.

The Tang lost in the early 900s.

In 960 the reunited China.

The Song ruled all of China until the early .

ii) Strong Governments & Economies: To help them govern, the Tang and

relied on

Bureaucracies created stronger than

the loose networks of nobles that earlier

had used.

During the Tang and Song periods, trade along

the road and Grand made China

rich.

b) A Mongol Empire

i) In the 1200s, the nomadic Mongols, led by , swept out of present day

Mongolia.

ii) The Mongols conquered an empire stretching across and part of .

iii) Marco Polo, who traveled from Europe to China under the , described

China’s for Europeans in his writings.

iv) Chinese rebels overthrew the Mongols in the mid .

c) The Ming and the Manchus

i) In 1368, the dynasty defeated the .

ii) Early Ming emperors were strong , but later Ming emperors lost interest in

government and focused on living in .

iii) To defend China, the Ming rebuilt the Wall of China along their northern

border.

iv) As the Ming grew weaker, the wall to protect them.

v) The Manchus founded the dynasty and restored strong rule to .

d) Chinese Achievements

i) Chinese Technologies: Chinese inventions that transformed the world include

paper, printing, , gunpowder, , and rudders

sealed compartments for ships.

ii) China’s Cultural Reach: Chinese art and influenced artists and writers

throughout East Asia and the .

Korea and both adopted China’s system.

e) Korean and Japanese Civilizations

i) Korea and Its Culture: During the 1400s, Koreans invented an called

Hangul.

This alphabet was easier to use than the writing

system.

ii) Japan and Its Culture: In 1600, Japan was reunified under the Tokugawa

Japan borrowed heavily from culture.

The traditional Japanese religion, called

Shinto is based on the worship of and ideas of purity.

f) The Age of Imperialism

i) China Faces Foreign Domination: Britain had been trading opium from its colony in

India for Chinese .

Opium was hurting Chinese families and .

China tried to the drug.

Overpowered by a stronger , China had to

accept opium sales.

Angry at their government’s weakness, the Chinese

overthrew the emperor in 1912.

declared independence from China.

Civil war broke out between and a group

called the Nationalists.

Japan invaded China in the 1930s and ravaged the

country during .

ii) Imperialism in Japan and Korea: Alarmed at Western superiority, Japanese

rebels overthrew the shogun and restored the .

Japan, in turn, forced to open trade . In 1910,

Japan took full control of .

During WWII, Japan occupied much of and

Asia and many Pacific Islands.

It attacked the in 1941. In response, the U.S

declared war on .

g) The Cold War in East Asia

i) After WWII, the Cold War divided the region’s countries into two groups:

countries and those with economies. Communist countries have

economies.

ii) The communist counties were China, , and Mongolia.

iii) Asian countries with market economies—Japan, , and Taiwan.

iv) China During the Cold War: After Japan’s defeat in 1945, Nationalists and

resumed their civil war in China.

The , led by Mao Zedong, won in 1949.

The fled to Taiwan and established a

dictatorship there with a market economy.

v) Korea and Japan: After defeating Japan in WWII, the helped it rebuild.

An boom made Japan the second-largest economy in

the world.

North Korea attacked Korea and the Korean war broke out.

When fighting ceased in 1953, Korea was .

h) New Challenges for East Asia

i) Economic growth in Korea and Taiwan brought demands for democracy.

ii) Beginning in the late 1970s, opened its economy to market forces.

iii) The communist government’s brutal crackdown on this protest showed that it would

not allow or more for the Chinese people.

iv) North Korea’s government-run continued to decline.

Lesson 2: Living in East Asia

Essential Question: What kinds of diversity exist in East Asia?

**Please review the Introduction slides when you open this lesson. Scroll to slide #2 “The Scope and

Geography of East Asia.” Fill in the following information from this slide:

--Japan, in contrast, is a , or a group of small islands.

**Please review the Introduction slides when you open this lesson. Scroll to slide #3 “Religion and

Philosophy of East Asia.” Fill in the following information from this slide:

--Ancient Chinese thinkers developed philosophies about how people should . Confucius

taught about and duty to , discipline, and focus. These teachings became

known as Confucianism.

--Around the same time, another thinker known as Lao-Tzu taught people to seek

and with nature. These ideas became .

--As Buddhism spread through China, it blended with and teachings.

**Please proceed to the textbook link and fill in the rest of your guided notes as usual**

a) Where Do East Asians Live?

i) China: Most of the arable land is in China.

This is where people settled long ago to

Deserts and mountains over much of central and China.

Those areas did not support farming in the past and offer little

opportunity today.

As a result, China’s population has become even more concentrated in huge

coastal .

ii) Mongolia: Much of Mongolia is covered by vast areas of grasslands called

iii) North and South Korea: In North and South Korea, most people live on the

plains.

ii) Taiwan: Mountains cover much of the island, so most and farms are located

on the plains along the coast of the island.

iii) Japan: Most Japanese people now live in cities as well.

Tokyo is the world’s largest area.

b) Religion in East Asia

i) East Asia has many different .

ii) Most East Asians are

iii) In Japan, followers of .

iv) Muslims form a majority in many communities in China.

v) Christianity is especially strong in South .

c) Ethnic Diversity

i) Each of the countries of East Asia has ethnic group that forms the majority.

ii) China: While the majority of China’s people are , China recognizes 55 ethnic

minority groups.

Mongols, , and ethnic Koreans live in China’s north and northeast.

iii) Taiwan: Most of the people of Taiwan are Chinese.

iv) Japan: Japan is ethnically , meaning almost all the people belong to the

same ethnic group.

The Japanese group is more than 98% of the population.

The northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, has a minority group called the

who may have lived in Japan longer than the ethnic Japanese.

v) North and South Korea: North and South Korea are very similar to Japan in that they

are essentially

The vast majority in both Koreas is ethnic .

Lesson 3: East Asia at Work

Essential Question: How does a nation encourage economic growth?

*Define “autocracy”. Write the definition here:

a) Governments of East Asia

i) Autocracies: China and Korea are communist autocracies.

Citizens have no real voice in choosing officials or

ii) Democracies: The other countries in the region are

Japan is a democracy.

South Korea is a democracy like the U.S.

Taiwan and Mongolia have what are called semi-presidential

b) Economies of East Asia

i) Types of Economies: Most of the economies in East Asia are economies.

In North Korea, a economy controls most aspects of

economic life.

The government makes all 3 economic decisions: what to

produce, how to it, and for whom it will be .

China also has a system controlled by the government

South , Japan, and all have mixed economies

in which markets play a dominant role.

ii) Natural Resources: Natural resources play a key role in China and

Both have large deposits of , on which they are

largely reliant for their

iii) Human Resources: East Asians value and invest heavily in it.

Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan rely on the and

skills of working people to make products that can be

to other countries.

c) Trade in East Asia

i) Trade barriers such as , quotas, , and protective regulations

can stand in the way of trade.

d) China’s Economy

i) Literacy are a reflection of investment in human capital.

ii) China’s 96% rate is very high.

iii) China’s GDP per capita is slightly the global average.

iv) Extreme economic hurts the economy.

e) North Korea’s Economy

i) North Korea’s command economy has shown very results over the past years.

ii) The government invests its limited resources in its unproductive .

iii) North Korea’s economy has also been hurt by placed on it due to its nuclear

weapons program.

iv) The educational system in the country is not .

v) GDP of North Korea is far below the global .

f) South Korea’s Economy

i) South Korea’s businesses have heavily in productive capital.

ii) South Korea’s literacy rates are higher than that of , making it higher than

the global average.

iii) South Korea has one of the best systems in the world.

iv) Entrepreneurship is .

g) Japan’s Economy

i) Japan has very few resources beyond its soil and water.

ii) Much of the country is covered by where farming is not possible.

iii) Lacking resources, and surrounded by water, Japan has relied on

iv) Investment in human and productive has been very important to Japan.

v) Japan also encourages .

Lesson 4: Challenges Facing East Asia Essential Question: How does a nation encourage economic growth?

*Define “demography” Write the definition here:

a) What Economic Challenges Does the Region Face?

i) Relying on Exports: The largest East Asian economies have all grown rapidly by producing

goods for outside the region.

Their dependence on exports makes them to economic

downturns in and the U.S.

ii) Trade: East Asian economies are hurt by trade they have created.

A trade agreement among East Asian countries would help boost

within the region.

iii) Demography: Japan faces serious problems with its

Its population is , and so is the country’s

In response to this problem, businesses have increased the use of

and computers.

b) What Political Challenges Doe the Region Face?

i) Nuclear Weapons: All countries in the region have condemned North Korea’s

weapons program, which threatens in the region.

ii) Land Claims: Japan claims certain islands that are also claimed by or South

Chinese claims to islands in the South China also conflict with

claims by Southeast Asian countries.

iii) Political Freedom: Both and North have authoritarian governments that

limit people’s freedom.

Both governments limit people’s access to sources such as

the internet.

c) What Environmental Challenges Does the Region Face?

i) Water and Energy: A serious problem in China is a shortage of water.

Throughout the country’s history, from rivers has caused

much damage to and homes and of deaths.

The Chinese government built the Three Gorges Dam to control

and produce hydroelectric power.

**Please review the Introduction slides when you open this lesson. Scroll to slide #4 “Interdependence

and Environmental Challenges.” Fill in the following information from this slide:

--Hydropower dams produce fewer gases than plants that use fossil fuels. However,

building these cleaner plants can have other impacts.

**Please proceed to the textbook link and fill in the rest of your guided notes as usual**

ii) Plate Tectonics: The position on Earth’s crust of Japan, the , and Taiwan also

poses a challenge to these countries.

Four tectonic meet in the region.

Earthquakes that occur under the can make huge waves.

These , or tidal waves, can flood coastal areas.

As the Pacific Plate sinks beneath Japan, it releases that melt

rock above it.

Japan has active volcanoes

iii) Pollution: Air pollution from coal-burning factories and power plants and from

exhaust in China has resulted in some of the world’s worst pollution.

Lesson 5: Early History of Southeast Asia Essential Question: How did various groups that controlled Southeast Asia affect the development of

the region?

*Define “sultanate”. Write the definition HERE

*Define “Indochina”. Write the definition HERE

**Please review the Introduction slides when you open this lesson. Scroll to slide #2 “Rise of Civilization

in Southeast Asia” Fill in the following information from this slide:

--By the 9th century CE, two major civilizations had emerged in Southeast Asia—the Srivijaya

in and the Khmer in what are now Cambodia, , and parts of .

--One influential regional power was the empire. It grew strong thanks to

production that used to store water.

**Please proceed to the textbook link and fill in the rest of your guided notes as usual**

a) The First Civilizations in Southeast Asia

i) Early Arrivals: A group called the migrated across island Southeast Asia

and the Peninsula around 2000 BCE.

ii) China Expands: City-states and kingdoms began to develop on the Southeast Asian

Han China had conquered the northern and central parts of what is now

The Vietnamese people adopted , Confucianism, and

from the Chinese.

iii) Trade Brings New Ideas: Traders and travelers brought new as well.

Religions such as and spread into

kingdoms and empires across Southeast Asia.

iv) The Birth of Empires: Southeast Asian city-states thrived based on farming.

The most powerful of these empires was the empire.

Around 1200 CE, Khmer Buddhists build a spectacular group of

and called Angkor Watt.

b) Buddhist and Muslim Monarchies

i) Buddhist Kingdoms on the Mainland: Beginning in the 800s, a series of

kingdoms controlled much of what is now Myanmar.

ii) Muslim Sultanates in the Islands: In the 1400s, sultanates spread across

the area.

The Sultanate of controlled much of the

Malay Peninsula.

The Sultanate of controlled much of the island

of Borneo.

Other sultanates controlled the rest of Borneo, the island

of , and parts of other islands, including

the .

c) How Did Westerners Affect the Region?

i) European Conquests: The first Europeans to each Southeast Asia were

During the 1800s, the British conquered what are now ,

Malaysia, and , and the conquered the

region called .

The only part of Southeast Asia that avoided conquest by Western

powers was the Kingdom of .

ii) Populations on the Move: The powers aimed to profit from their

They built railroads, seaports, and cities to resources

from the region to Europe and the .

Lesson 6: Independent Southeast Asia Essential Question: What happened politically in Southeast Asia after the region gained

independence?

*Define “Cold War”. Write the definition HERE

a) World War II and Independence

i) Nations Gain Independence: With defeat in 1945, Southeast Asians demanded

independence from colonial powers.

U.S. granted independence to the Philippines in

The Dutch gave up and acknowledge Indonesian independence

in

East Timor did not win independence from Portugal until

The sultanate of Brunei gained independence in

ii) Trouble Begins in Indochina: In French Indochina, communist leaders declared the

independence of in 1945.

France sent troops to the communists.

In , the French granted independence to

Cambodia and .

In 1954, the French acknowledged communist control of

northern

Several countries, including France and collaborated

to set up an anti-communist government in

southern .

b) Why Was the Vietnam War Fought?

i) The Domino Theory: In the War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union competed for

influence over other .

American leaders and their allies believed that a

government in one country would force

on its neighbors.

The U.S. adopted a policy of preventing

from spreading, called

ii) The Conflict Escalates: Hundreds of thousands of troops were sent to fight the

communist Vietnamese in the War.

It became clear that the could not be defeated

and that the government of South Vietnam lacked the support

of its people.

iii) Moving Toward Peace: In 1973, the Paris Accords were signed. U.S. combat

troops completed their in 1973.

In 1975, forces overran South

and overthrew its government.

The following year, was reunited under

a government.

c) Authoritarian Government or Democracy?

i) Types of Dictatorships: Laos and have lived under authoritarian communist

dictatorships since the 1970s.

Malaysia and also have regular elections, but the

same political party has remained in .

ii) Struggle for Democracy: Popular opposition has removed some from power

This happened in the and Indonesia.

Lesson 7: Living in Southeast Asia Essential Question: What kinds of diversity exist in Southeast Asia?

*Define “delta”. Write the definition HERE

a) Where People Live in Southeast Asia

i) Water: Too much or too little?: Much of the region has a wet, climate.

The heavy rains that are part of this type of climate

can produce the opposite problem: and

thick .

ii) Farming: Easy or Difficult? River deltas form at the mouths of , where

sediment washed down from the mountains is deposited

This creates flat areas with good water supplies that are

ideal for .

The River delta covers much of southern

and has a very high density.

Coastal areas have also attracted people seeking opportunity

through .

Volcanic produces fertile soil that attracted

b) Cultural Diversity in Southeast Asia

i) Many Different Religions: Buddhism is still the major religion in Southeast

Asia.

Islam came to the region along those same routes.

It spread into what are now , Brunei,

and southern Philippines.

ii) Ethnic Diversity: Ethnic are the largest group in Thailand.

77% of people in Singapore are ethnic .

**Review the Ethnic & Religious Diversity in Southeast Asia chart. Answer the following questions:

ETHNIC DIVERSITY:

Largest ethnic group in Indonesia is:

Largest ethnic group in the Philippines is:

RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY:

Largest religious group in Thailand is:

Largest religious group in the Philippines is:

iii) Cultural Blending: Cultural mixing is a of Southeast Asian life.

The openness to other cultures has served them well.

Lesson 8: Southeast Asia at Work Essential Question: How does the Southeast Asian economy function?

*Define “semiconductor”. Write the definition HERE

a) Governments of Southeast Asia

i) Authoritarian Governments: Vietnam and Laos as ruled by governments

Brunei is a . The sultan rules in an

monarchy.

ii) Military Governments: Myanmar and , the military controls the government.

Elections are held, but leaders have the right to

the will of the people.

iii) Varying Degrees of Democracy: In Cambodia, Malaysia, and , elections are

held, but the government limits democratic freedoms

In Indonesia, the , and East Timor citizens

exercise the right to vote in relatively free and fair

elections.

iv) Two Types of Democratic Government: The governments of the and

are presidential democracies.

b) Economies of Southeast Asia

i) Traditional Economies: In these economies, decisions about what to , how

to it, and how to distribute it are made according

to centuries-old .

ii) The Market Decides: Across Southeast Asia, play the primary role in

economic life.

iii) Mixed Economies: All of the countries of Southeast Asia have economies.

c) The Region’s Role in the World Economy

i) Low Wages for Low-Skilled Labor: Most Southeast Asian countries have experienced

economic growth.

They have done this by offering relatively cheap

Vietnam has attracted companies that make

and shoes for consumers.

ii) Educated, Skilled Labor: A few Southeast Asian countries have promoted

growth in a different way.

They offer highly workers who can provide advanced

goods and .

Malaysia is one of the world’s leading producers

of .

Singapore is a leading center.

iii) Importance of Trade: Trade remains to the region today.

The Strait of is a major global shipping lane.

The ports of Singapore, , and benefit

greatly from this traffic.

iv) Southeast Asian Economic Success: A successful economy needs a government;

natural or skilled workers; and a reliable

banking, , and communications

system.

Lesson 9: Challenges Facing Southeast Asia Essential Question: What challenges do environmental change, population change, and trade barriers

pose for Southeast Asia?

**Please review the Introduction slides when you open this lesson. Scroll to slide #3 “The Changing

Environment of Southeast Asia”. Fill in the following information from this slide:

--Urbanization and overpopulation in Southeast Asia compromises peninsulas and

with limited space for growth.

--Concentrating large numbers of people in small areas of land, largely along , also magnifies

the impact of disasters.

**Please proceed to the textbook link and fill in the rest of your guided notes as usual**

a) Environmental Challenges

i) The Climate is Changing: Climate change threatens to cause levels to rise.

Much of the region’s live on river deltas or

coastal .

In recent years, Southeast Asia has also been experiencing

more intense .

Some scientist believe that change has been

increasing the destructive power of these .

ii) Forests are Dwindling: Deforestation has eaten away at the tropical across

the region.

A major cause of deforestation is burning forest to

clear land for

Tropical winds carry the from these fires hundreds

of miles.

iii) The Ring of Fire: Southeast Asia lies along boundaries between plates

As a result, it experiences earthquakes, tsunamis, and

eruptions.

b) Political and Economic Challenges

i) Cities are Growing: More people are moving to areas in search of jobs and

higher living

Rapid growth places great strain on a city’s

ii) Social Instability: Population issues can affect a as a whole.

Singapore’s birth rate is quite , which means couples are

having few children.

In contrast, faces the problem of overcrowding.

Another social issue concerns minorities, who sometimes

feel they have been treated by their national government.

iii) Military Rule and Political Instability: In Thailand, a military changed the

country’s in 2016.

Thailand has experienced protests in

the past over threats to democratic .

iv) Trade Issues: Unlike Europe or some other parts of the world, Asian

countries has not benefited much from agreements

with each other.

v) China Looms: China claims a number of small in the South China Sea.

An international rejected China’s claims.

China ignored the , however, and continues to assert

ownership of the islands.