UNIT 9

K E VI N

E,

L AI N

E L,

K AI T

LY N P

, A

ND

AL E X

P

P E RI O

D 5

TA

BL E 8

WE WILL KNOW CLIMATE VARIABILITY ANDIT AIDS IN PREDICTING FUTURE CLIMATES

CLIMATE ZONES

There are 5 different types of climate zones

Polar – near the poles, almost always cold

Dry – little or no rain

Humid Tropical – hot with rain throughout the year

Moist-mid latitude - mild winters – hot with little or no rain and mild winters

Moist-mid latitude - severe winters – warm summers and long snowy winters

WLADIMIR KOPPEN

Wladimir Koppen developed a system for classifying Climates, this system is the reason we know about our 5 major climate zones and their sub-climates; it is also what we use to predict future climates

Koppen Classification – A system used for classifying climates devised by Wladimir Koppen that is based on mean monthly and annual values of temperature and percipitation

SUB-CLIMATESSub-climates - regions within a climate zone that

vary slightly from other parts of the climate zone

All of the five major climate zones have sub-climates

For example, one of the polar climate zone’s sub-climates is the ice cap sub-climate

Ice cap – a mass of glacial ice covering a high upland or plateau spreading out rapidly

CLIMATE ZONE VIDEO

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnfkbaRXl_0

WE WILL KNOW ABOUT EMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE, ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS, AND GLOBAL TEMPERATURE TRENDS.

EMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Emission: a substance discharged into the air, a pollutant

•Carbon Dioxide is the greenhouse gas most emitted through human activity•The Carbon cycle is being altered through our everyday activities•The human activity that emits the most carbon dioxide is the combustion of fossil fuels•From 1990 to 2010 the carbon dioxide emissions increased 12% corresponding with the increase in use of energy.

ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS

Greenhouse effect: transmissions of short-wave solar radiation by the atmosphere coupled with the selective absorption of longer wave-length terrestrial radiation, especially by water vapor and carbon dioxide

•The 1950s-1970s is when studies confirmed the rising of carbon dioxide levels and the public began to notice and become concerned with air pollution issues.

ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS

November historical levels

1958 - 313.33

1959 - 314.81960 - 3151961 - 316.11962 - 316.691963 - 317.121964 - 317.791965 - 318.871966 - 319.791967 - 320.721968 - 321.311969 - 322.851970 -

323.981971 - 324.81972 - 326.51973 - 328.161974 - 328.341975 - 329.331976 - 330.18

1977 - 332.351978 - 333.761979 - 335.261980 - 337.211981 - 338.591982 - 339.481983 - 341.531984 -

343.061985 - 344.41986 - 345.861987 - 347.951988 - 350.151989 - 351.441990 - 353.051991 - 353.791992 - 354.271993 - 355.41994 - 357.56

1995 - 359.41996 - 360.841997 - 362.441998 - 365.52

1999 - 366.682000 - 368.332001 - 369.692002 - 372.22003 - 374.642004 - 375.932005 - 378.292006 - 380.182007 - 382.422008 - 384.132009 - 3862010 - 388.652011 - 390.242012 - 392.81

GLOBAL TEMPERATURE TRENDS

Temperature control: any factor that causes temperature to vary from place to place and from time to time

•Scientists can observe coinciding rates of change with temperature and carbon dioxide levels throughout the past 100,000 years. •They’ve determined that there is a strong correlation between the two which can help us predict future global temperatures.

VIDEO:

http://video.about.com/environment/Learn-About-the-Greenhouse-Effect.htm

WE WILL LEARN ABOUT INCREASING OCEAN TEMPERATURESAND HOW THEY AFFECT THE OCEAN CLIMATE.

Ocean temperatures have been rising over the past 150 years because of the rise in global temperature.

Global Warming is an increase in temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere caused by the build up of greenhouse gases.

Global warming affects the sea because as the temperature rises, the sea expands.

If the temperature rises 3 degrees over the next 100 years, the sea could rise to about 3 ½ feet.

The rise in sea temperature also causes coral bleaching.

Coral Bleaching is when coral polyps (basically sea anemones) die, leaving white patches on the coral.

The coral reefs are home to about 93,000 species, and because of coral bleaching, they can’t be inhabited.

HEALTHY CORAL

BLEACHED CORAL

Argo floats are used to measure sea temperature. They float in the water’s depths and surface every 10 days to transfer data to a satellite.

• Rising sea temperature also affects how many hurricanes could be produced in one year. A hurricane is formed when the sea surface is a temperature of 82 degrees or higher. This is coupled with a disturbance in the atmosphere that creates a strong updraft of warm air.

VIDEO

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXMNS8MDr5I

WE WILL KNOW THE TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY BETWEEN THE

OCEAN & ATMOSPHERE?

UMM..SO..THERMAL ENERGYWUT IS DAT?

Thermal energy is the internal energy of an object due to the kinetic energy of its atoms and/or molecules.

Therefore, the atoms and/or molecules of a hotter object have greater kinetic energy than those of a colder one.

It is the internal energy of an object based off of how fast the atoms/molecules move, also known as their kinetic energy, but whatever.

SO, If an object is hot, then it’s molecules move really fast, rather than a cold object’s molecules which move slow.er

According to

Internet

According to Me

THE OCEAN + THERMAL ENERGY

The majority of thermal energy on the Earth’s surface is stored in the Ocean and Ocean currents play a significant role in transferring this heat toward the poles and equator.

The largest heat loss for the ocean is due to evaporation

The transfer of energy from the sun is known commonly as

Radiation occurs when the sun radiates forms of electromagnetic radiation through empty space, which in this case ends up hitting upon the ocean.

RADIATION.

THE ATMOSPHERE + THERMAL ENERGY

temperature differences throughout the atmosphere are a result of the way solar energy is absorbed as it moves through the atmosphere itself.

The transfer of heat energy within the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface occurs as a result of radiation, convection, and conduction. 

OCEAN+ATMOSPHERE

Both are able to absorb and store thermal energy.

When air comes in contact with the Ocean and both are at different temperatures , heat transfer by conduction occurs.

The Ocean also absorbs & stores energy from the sun by radiation, and when rain falls it releases heat energy into the atmosphere.

The heating of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere by the sun drives convection within the atmosphere and ocean, producing winds and ocean currents.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajQ3hm5JidU

VIDEO LINK

K.S.

Name one type of climate zone…

K.S.

Name 3 temperature controls. They can be anything.

KS

Coral reefs are home to about how many species?

If an object’s molecules move slow, then the object must be hot.

True or False:K.S

NOT SURE IF CLASS LEARNED SOMETHING

OR RANDOMLY GUESSED ANSWER