unit e. terminology abduction adduction appendicular skeleton axial skeleton ball and socket joint...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit E
![Page 2: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Terminology • Abduction • adduction • Appendicular skeleton• Axial skeleton• Ball and socket joint• Bursa• Circumduction• Compact bone• Diaphysis• Endosteum• Epiphysis• Extension• Flexion• Fontanel• Hemopoiesis
• Joint • Medullary canal• Ossification• Osteocytes• Periosteum• Pronation• Rotation• Spongy bone• Supination• Suture• Gliding joint• Hinge joint• Pivot joint• Synovial fluid
![Page 3: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Disorders and Related Terminology
• Arthritis• Arthroscopy• Closed
reduction• Dislocation• Fractures• Greenstick
fracture• Kyphosis• Lordosis
• Open reduction• Scoliosis• Sprain• Strain• Traction
![Page 4: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Skeletal System• 206 bones• Functions
1. Supports body and provides shape2. Protects internal organs3. Movement and anchorage of muscles4. Mineral storage (Calcium and
Phosphorus)5. Hemopoiesis-the process of blood cell
formation in the red bone morrow!
Osteocytes –composed of microscopic mature bone cell
![Page 5: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bone Formation
• Embryo skeletal starts as osteoblasts (primitive embryonic cells) – then change to cartilage
• Fontanel – soft spot on baby’s head
• 8 weeks:– Ossification begins (mineral matter
begins to replace cartilage– Infant bones soft because
ossification is not complete
![Page 6: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sutures• The areas where
cranial bones join together to form immovable joint (sutures) which allow firstly the head to pass through the birth canal and secondly postnatal brain growth.
• Chewing involves what bone?
![Page 7: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Structure of Long Bone
• Diaphysis – shaft• Epiphyses – ends• Medullary cavity – center of
shaft, filled with yellow bone marrow, which is mostly fatty cells, also cells that form white blood cells
• Endosteum- lines marrow cavity
![Page 8: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Structure of long Bone Continued
• Shaft is made of compact bone (DENSE bone) the ends are spongy bone (POROUS bone). Ends contain red marrow where red blood cells are made
• Periosteum – tough, outside covering of bone – contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves
![Page 9: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The shaft of the long bone is?
![Page 11: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• The outer covering of the bone is?
![Page 12: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
• Axial – skull, spinal column, ribs, sternum, hyoid
• Appendicular – shoulder girdle, arms, pelvis, legs
• Ribs and sternum– Sternum divided into 3 parts
(bottom tips is xiphoid process)– 12 pairs of ribs – first 7 are true
ribs– Next three are false ribs– Next two are floating ribs
![Page 13: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Bones of the skull, spine & chest make up the ?
![Page 14: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Largest bone in the body?
![Page 15: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What bones make up the pelvis?
![Page 16: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Another name for
breast bone?
![Page 17: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Appendicular skeleton• Clavicle• Scapula• Humerus• Radius and ulna• Carpals• Metacarpals• Phalanges• Pelvis• Femur
• Tibia and Fibula• Patella• Tarsal bones• Calcaneus• Metatarsals
![Page 19: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• The lower arm bone is located on the thumb side?
• The medical term for the finger bones is?
![Page 21: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Medical term for the knee cap?
![Page 23: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
If you damage ligaments, you will have a?
• A sprain - is an injury which occurs to ligaments caused by being stretched beyond their normal capacity and possibly torn. Muscular tears caused in the same manner are referred to as a strain.
![Page 24: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Spine – Vertebral Column
• Encloses the spinal cord• Vertebrae – separated by pads of
cartilage – Intervertebral discs
• Cervical Vertebrae (7)– Atlas – 1st cervical vertebrae– Axis – 2nd cervical vertebrae
• Thoracic Vertebrae (12)• Lumbar Vertebrae (5)• Sacrum• Coccyx
![Page 25: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
muscles
become
paralysed
![Page 26: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• What cranial bone is at the rear of the skull that connects with the spinal column?
![Page 27: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Vertebral Column
![Page 28: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Joints
• Joints are points of contact between 2 bones- classified according to movement:– Diarthrosis – movable – Amphiarthrosis – partially movable– Synarthrosis – immovable
• Articular cartilage – covers joint surface• Synovial Fluid – lubricating substance in
joints. The fluid that reduces friction during joint movement.
![Page 29: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Types of Joints• What joint allows
the greatest freedom of movement?
![Page 30: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Types of Joints
• Ball and socket– Bone with ball shaped head fits into concave
socket of 2nd bone. Shoulders and hips• Hinge
– Move in one direction or plane. Knees, elbows, outer joints of fingers
• Pivot– Those with an extension rotate on a 2nd arch
shaped bone. Radius and ulna, atlas and axis• Gliding
– Flat surfaces glide across each other. Vertebrae of spine
![Page 31: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Articular Cartilage
• It is composed of collagen fibers and/or elastic fibers, and can supply smooth surfaces for the movement of articulating bones.
![Page 32: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Synovial Fluid
• It’s a boundary-layer lubrication, which reduces friction between opposing surfaces of cartilage.
![Page 33: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Types of Motion
• Flexion• Extension• Abduction• Adduction• Circumduction• Rotation• Pronation• Supination
![Page 34: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
FLEXION
• Flexion is a position that is made possible by the joint angle decreasing.
![Page 35: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Extension
A movement of a joint in which one part of the body is moved away from another.
If you go from a sitting position to a standing position, the joint action at the knee is extension!
![Page 36: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• AbductionA motion that pulls a structure or part away the midline of the body.
• Adduction• A motion that
pulls a structure or part towards the midline of the body
![Page 37: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Circumduction
• The circular or a more precise movement of a body part, such as a ball-and-socket joint or the eye.
![Page 38: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Rotation
• A motion that occurs when a part turns on its axis. What movements occurs when you turn your head from side to side?
![Page 39: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Pronation• A rotation of
the forearm that moves the palm from an anterior-facing position to a posterior-facing position, or palm facing down.
![Page 40: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Supination• The opposite
of pronation, the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly, or palm facing up.
![Page 41: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Disorders of the Bones and Joints
• Fracture- a break• Treated by:
– Closed reduction- cast or splint applied
– Open reduction- surgical intervention with devices such as wired, metal plates or screws to hold bone in alignment (internal fixation)
– Traction- pulling force used to hold the bone in place• Used for fractures of long bones
![Page 42: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Fractures
• Closed or simple – bone broken, broken ends don’t break skin
• Open or compound – broken bone pierce the skin, can lead to infection
• Greenstick – in children, bone bent and splintered but never completely
separates• Comminuted
– splintered or broken into many pieces• Spiral
– bone twists, resulting in one or more breaks
![Page 43: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
COMPOUND FRACTURE• A bone that
breaks through the skin is?
![Page 45: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Disorders Cont.
• Dislocation – Bone displaced from proper
position in joint
• Sprain – sudden or unusual motion,
ligaments torn but joint is not dislocated
• Radiology– X-rays for diagnosis evaluation of
bones
![Page 46: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Curvature of Spine
• Kyphosis• Hunchback • Lordosis
– Swayback• Scoliosis
– Lateral curvature
![Page 47: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Bone Disorders
• Osteoporosis- % of those infected are women. Mineral density of bone is reduced 35 – 65%. The loss of bone mass leaves the bone thinner, porous and more prone to fracture.
• Osteomyelitis – bone infection
• Osteosarcoma – bone cancer
![Page 48: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• When bones becomes more porous, loses calcium & phosphorous they are likely to fracture.
![Page 49: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Dx and Rx
• Arthroscopy- examination into joint using arthroscope with fiber optic lens
• Arthroplasty- reconstruction of joint
• Microdiskectomy- operation to remove damaged Intervertebral disc through tiny incision. Bone plug is usually used to replace the damaged disc.
![Page 51: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Diseases of Bone
• Bursitis- inflammation of a bursa (joint sac)
![Page 52: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Diseases of Bone cont…
• Arthritis An inflammation of one or more joints.
• Osteoarthritis- degenerative, occurs with aging, 80% of Americans suffer, joints become enlarged and painful
![Page 53: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
– A chronic, autoimmune disease- joints become swollen and painful, joint deformities common
![Page 54: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Bursitis
![Page 55: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis
![Page 56: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Diseases of Bones cont.• Gout- Increase of uric acid
deposited in joint cavity, mostly the great toe in men.
![Page 58: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Herniated disc
Intervertebral disc ruptures or protrudes, putting pressure on spinal nerves.
![Page 59: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Rickets
Found in children, caused by lack of vitamin D, bones become soft.
![Page 60: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Diseases of Bones Cont.
• Osteomalacia – softening of bones caused by deficiency in phosphorous or calcium
• Bone marrow aspiration – removal of marrow sample with a needle for diagnostic purposes
![Page 61: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Bone Marrow Aspiration
![Page 62: Unit E. Terminology Abduction adduction Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton Ball and socket joint Bursa Circumduction Compact bone Diaphysis Endosteum](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e1b5503460f94b0a02b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
That the bones of it!