unit ii, chapter 25 pg 950-971 selected portions
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Unit II, Chapter 25 pg 950-971 selected portions. Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain, ATP stores potential energy. Some cell processes req’ring energy. Na+/K+ pump (as any active transport process) Power stroke of skeletal muscle Glycolysis Flagellar motility - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Unit II, Chapter 25 pg 950-971 selected portions
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain, ATP stores potential energy
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Some cell processes req’ring energy Na+/K+ pump
(as any active transport process) Power stroke of skeletal muscle Glycolysis Flagellar motility Microtubule movement during cell division
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ATP is a high energy molecule Phosphorylation of ADP increase its PE
Forming bonds _____________________ Breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd
P group results in energy liberation ATP ADP
ATPase – enzyme, catalyzes _________ bond, creating ADP ________ ________ is used do work
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Linking catabolism & anabolism
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Oxidation & reduction rxns _______________- removal of electrons, or H+
decrease potential energy content Oxidation of glucose = cellular respiration
Usually exergonic – releases energy Cmpds such as glucose (reduced) have lots of H
contain more chemical P.E. than the oxidized cmpds
________________- addition of e- or H+ increase of energy content of molecule
Oxidation & reduction rxns are always coupled
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Cellular respiration ___________________ to produce ATP To attach a phosphate group to ADP to produce
ATP ____________ energy Series 4 reactions in presence of oxygen produces
more ATP than when oxygen is absent: Glycolysis Acetyl Coenzyme A formation Krebs cycle Electron Transport Chain
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Cellular respiration (2) __________ cellular respiration- oxygen absent
glucose breakdown, catabolic rxns 2 pyruvic acid This process is called glycolysis
1 glucose yields 2 ATP happens in cytosol
____________- in presence of oxygen Glycolysis + rxns 6 CO2 + 6 H2O & energy
Generates heat and 36-38 ATP happens in mitochondria
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Overview of cell respiration (oxidation of glucose)
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Glycolysis – 10 steps, fig 25.4 Rxn generates 4 ATP & 2 pyruvic acid* Net gain:
2 ATP = metabolic energy 2 NADH = intermediate for e- transport chain 2 H+ = intermediate for e- transport chain
* Oxygen _______, pyruvic acid mitochondria for Krebs cycle and ETC
* Oxygen _______, pyruvic acid likely converted to lactic acid via anaerobic resp in cytosol Lactic acid liver to be converted to glucose
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Fate of pyruvic acid Oxygen present
mitochondria, becomes CoA and goes to Krebs
Oxygen absent – converted to lactic acid in cytosol (lactic acid bloodstream liver where it is converted back to pyruvic acid)
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3 main results of Krebs cycle reduced coenzymes NADH + H+ and
FADH2, containing ________________
GTP, which ___________ to make ATP CO2 bloodstream and ________ at lungs
6 CO2 made for every glucose
So, how do we get 36-38 ATP?....
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1 glucose yields 36-38 ATP 3 NADH + 3 H+ e- transport = 9 ATP 1 FADH2 e- transport = 2 ATP 1 ATP from GTP conversion
Multiply the above results by 2 because 2 Acetyl CoA come from one glucose!
2 NADH produced during glycolysis produce 4-6 ATP
2 NADH produced during Acetyl CoA formation also produce 6 ATP
2 ATP from glycolysis
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Electron Transport Chain Series of electron carriers (proteins called
_________) in the inner mitochondrial membrane Each carrier is reduced then oxidized
Rxns are exergonic & energy is _____ to make ATP In aerobic resp, final e- acceptor is oxygen (gets
reduced H2O)
_____________- links chemical rxn w/H+ pump
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Electron Transport Chain (2) Proton pumps send H+ from matrix to
intermembrane space Creates a gradient, H+ gets build up in the
intermembrane space H+ flow back to the matrix (by proton
motive force) through a channel in ATP synthase
ATP synthase adds a P to ADP ATP
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Summary of cellular respiration, fig 25.10
See also table 25.1 page 962
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Proteins & fats glucose Amino acids, glycerol, & lactic acid can be
converted to glucose – ____________________ Process by which glucose is created from non-
carbohydrate sources
Stimulated by _______________ from adrenal cortex
Also causes proteins amino acids
_______________ from pancreas _______________
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