unit one: foundations of government
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Unit One: Foundations of government. What is Government?. Government: The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies (all of those things a govt. decides to do, such as taxation, education, defense, etc.). What are the basic powers of Government?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Unit One:Foundations of government
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What is Government?
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Government:
The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies (all of those things a govt. decides to do, such as taxation, education, defense, etc.)
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What are the basic powers of Government?
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• Legislative power–To make law and frame public policy
• Executive power–To execute, enforce, and administer
the law
• Judicial power– To interpret laws and settle disputes
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Why do we need Government?
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What is a state?
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• State: • a body of people, living in a
defined territory, organized politically, and with the power
to make and enforce law without the consent of any
higher authority
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Four elements
of a state
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Population:
people, no set amount needed
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Territory:
land, again, no set amount needed
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Sovereignty:
supreme and absolute power within its own
territory
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Government:
politically organized
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How did
the state form?
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Force Theory• one person or a small
group claimed control over an area and forced all within it to submit to that person’s or group’s rule
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Evolutionary Theory• state
developed naturally out of the
early family
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Divine Right TheoryGod created the stateand that God had given those of
royal birth a “divine right to
rule”, and people were bound by duty to obey their ruler as they would God.
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Social Contract Theory
• by contract people within a certain area
agreed to give up to the state power to promote
the safety and well being of all
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What are the different forms of
Government?
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Monarchy
A hereditary sovereign
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DictatorshipThose who rule
are not responsible to the will of the
people
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Ruled by religious authority
• God/Deity is supreme authority
Theocracy
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Oligarchypower to rule
is held by a small usually
self-appointed
elite
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Unitarycentralized government
all govt. power held by one
central agency
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DemocracySupreme political
authority rests with the people
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Which form of government is
the best?