EARLY MODERN TIMES1300-1800

UNIT ONEWorld History Ms. Horvath

THE RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION1300-1650CHAPTER FOURTEEN

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. The Renaissance in Italy2. The Renaissance Moves North3. The Protestant Reformation 4. Reformation Ideas Spread 5. The Scientific Revolution

UNDERSTANDING OUR PAST

The Big Idea – The Renaissance that began in Italy was characterized by an interest in learning and the arts and a desire to explore the human experience

Vocabulary – Patron, humanism, perspective Focus/Review – Why were the Italian city-states a

favorable setting for a cultural rebirth? What was the Renaissance? What themes and techniques did Renaissance artists and writers explore?

Page 336

A REBIRTH IN ITALY

What made Italy the birth place of the Renaissance? Who were the Medici’s? What was their contribution to the

Renaissance? What was the Renaissance? Whatareas did it effect in society? Describe how the Renaissance related to humanism Describe the Renaissance as it related to the arts Who were the “three geniuses of Renaissance art”? Give a brief descriptionof each List two Renaissance writers. Give a brief description of both and their writings

THE RENAISSANCE MOVES NORTH

The Big Idea – The Renaissance slowly spread to northern Europe, where artists and writers experimented with new methods and ideas

Vocabulary – Engraving, vernacular, utopian Focus – Which artists brought the Renaissance to

northern Europe? What themes did humanist thinkers and other writers explore? What impact did the printing revolution have on Europe?

Page 342

THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE

Where did the Northern Renaissance begin? Where did it spread to?

Who was the German Leonardo? Describe is life and work

Who were the Flemish painters? Describe their works

Who were the writers of the Northern Renaissance? Describe their works

Who was the inventor of the printing press? Describe it’s importance on society

THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

The Big Idea – The ideas of Martin Luther and John Calvin led people to separate from the Roman Catholic Church and form new Protestant churches

Vocabulary – Indulgence, recant, predestination, theocracy

Focus/Review – How did abuses in the Church spark widespread criticism? How did Martin Luther challenge Catholic authority and teachings? What role did John Calvin play in the Reformation?

Page 346

THE REFORMATION

Why did many Christians call for Church Reform?

Who was Martin Luther? Describe his 95 Theses

What were Luther’s teachings? How did his ideas spread?

Who was John Calvin? Explain his Teachings

Reformation Ideas Spread

The Big Idea – Both the Protestant and Catholic reformations brought sweeping changes to Europe

Vocabulary – Annul, canonize, scapegoat Focus/Review – What ideas did radical

reformers support? Why did England form a new church? How did the Catholic Church reform itself? Why did some groups face persecution?

Page 351

CATHOLICS AND PERSECUTION

Describe Henry VIII What was the Council of Trent ? Describe the Inquisition

What role did Jews play in the Reformation?

Why were the Anabaptists considered radical?

Describe the steps by which England became a Protestant country

What were the goals of the Catholic Reformation?

Why did persecution increase after the Reformation?

The Scientific Revolution

The Big Idea – A new way of thinking, based on experimentation and observation, changed the way Europeans looked at the world

Vocabulary – Heliocentric, hypothesis Focus/Review – How did astronomers change the

way people viewed the universe? What was the new scientific method? What advances did Newton and other scientist make?

Page 356

SCIENTIFIC ADVANCEMENTS

Why did some people oppose the heliocentric theory of the universe?

How did the scientific methoddiffer from earlier approaches? How did Newton try to explain the workings of the universe?

THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE: EUROPE AND ASIA1415-1796CHAPTER FIFTEEN

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. The Search for Spices2. Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia3. European Footholds in Southeast Asia and India4. Encounters in East Asia

The Search for Spices

The Big Idea – A desire to share in the rich spice trade of the East spurred Europeans to explore the oceans

Vocabulary – Cartographer, astrolabe, caravel, circumnavigate

Focus/Review – Why did Europeans cross the seas? How did Portugal’s eastward explorations lead to the development of a trading empire? How did Columbus’s voyages affect the search for a passage to the Indies?

Page 364

IN SEARCH OF SPICE

What motives and means did Europeans have for exploration?

How and why did Portugal lead the way for sea exploration?

Describe Christopher Columbus. What was he in search of? What was his legacy?

Explain the importance of F Ferdinand Magellan

What is the Northwest Passage?

Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia

The Big Idea – Because of its location, Southeast Asia was affected by the cultures of both China and India

Vocabulary – Matrillineal, stupa, padi Focus/Review – What are the key geographic

features of Southeast Asia? What impact did Indian civilization have on new kingdoms and empires? What factors contributed to the growth of Vietnamese culture?

Page 369

SOUTHEAST ASIA

How did geography make Southeast Asia of strategic importance?

Describe Pagan Kingdom Describe the Khmer Empire Describe the Srivijaya Empire How did China influence Vietnam? How did Vietnam preserve its identity?

European Footholds in Southeast Asia and India

The Big Idea – Europeans used military power to build trading empires in southeast Asia

Vocabulary – Outpost, sepoy Focus/Review – How did the Portuguese and the

Dutch build empires in the East? How did Spain control the Philippines? How did the decline of Mughal India affect European traders?

Page 373

THE PORTUGUESE, THE DUTCH, AND THE INDIANS How did the Portuguese gain control of the

spice trade? How were the Portuguese challenged by the

Dutch? Why was Spain easily able to conquer the

Philippines? Why did Spain want to control the island of

the Philippians? Why did Mughal power decline? What effect did the decline have on France and Britain?

Encounters in East Asia

The Big Idea – China, Korea, and Japan limited contact with western nations

Vocabulary – NONE ;) Focus/Review – How was European trade with

China affected by the Manchu conquest? What factors led Korea to isolate itself from other nations? What attitude did the Tokugawa shoguns have toward foreign traders?

Page 377

EAST MEETS WEST

Describe European trade with China Why did Korea pursue a policy of

isolation? What was the Japanese policy on

trade and foreigners? Why did it change over time?

THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE: EUROPE, THE AMERICAS, AND AFRICA1492-1750CHAPTER SIXTEEN

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Conquest in the Americas 2. Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas3. Struggle for North America4. Turbulent Centuries in Africa5. Changes in Europe

Conquest in the Americas

The Big Idea – Various factors enabled the Spanish to conquer the Aztec and Incan empires

Vocabulary – Conquistador, alliance Focus/Review – What were the results of the

first encounters between the Spanish and Native Americans?

Page 386

FOREIGNERS INVADE THE AMERICAS Describe Cortes and his take over of

the Aztec civilization Describe Pizarro and how he took

over the Incan empire How did divisions within the Aztec and Incan empires help the Spanish

Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas

The Big Idea – Native American, African, and European traditions blended to form new cultures in the Americas

Vocabulary – viceroy, plantation, encomienda, peon, peninsular, Creole, mestizo, mulatto, privateer

Focus/Review – How did Spain rule its empire in the Americas? What were the chief features of colonial society and culture? How did Portugal and other European nations challenge Spanish power?

Page 389

South American Colonial Society Describe how the Catholic Church

influenced Spanish conquest What was the Spanish economy based on? Describe the life and times of Bartolome de

las Casas, including his link ties to slavery

Describe colonial society in terms of social structure and cities

Describe colonial society in terms of education and cultural blending

Struggle for North America

The Big Idea – France and England set up colonies and competed for dominance in North America

Vocabulary – Missionary, compact Focus/Review – What problems did settlers in New

France face? What traditions of government evolved in the 13 English colonies? How did competition for power affect Europeans and Native Americans?

Page 394

Colonies in North America

Why did New France grow slowly? What were the early years of English

settlement like in America? What allowed them to eventually grow?

Describe British colonial government Explain the rivalry between the British and

the French What did the 1763 Treaty of Paris accomplish?

What impact did European settlements have on

Native American?

Turbulent Centuries in Africa

The Big Idea – The Atlantic slave trade, the rise of new states, and power struggles, created turbulence in Africa

Vocabulary – Triangular trade, monopoly Focus/Review – How did the arrival of Europeans in

Africa lead to the Atlantic slave trade? How did the slave trade contribute to the rise of new African states? What groups battled for power in southern Africa?

Page 398

Atlantic Slave Trade

Explain the origins of the African slave trade What was the network known as triangular trade? Describe the horrors of the Middle Passage Who was King Alfonso? How did he and other leaders try

to slow the African slave trade?

What was the impact of the African slave trade?

Describe the way of rule in the Asante Kingdom

Describe the Shaka and the Zulus Describe the friction between the Boers

and the Zulus

Changes in Europe

The Big Idea – European exploration and increased trade stimulated a global exchange, a commercial revolution, and other changes in Europe

Vocabulary – Inflation, capitalism, joint stock company, mercantilism, tariff

Focus/Review – How did European explorations lead to a global exchange? What impact did the commercial revolution and mercantilism have on European economies? How did these changes affect ordinary people?

Page 403

Global Commercial Revolution Describe the Columbian Exchange What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange

on population Describe the impact the following had on the

commercial revolution: price changes and the Growth of capitalism

Describe the impact the following had on the commercial revolution: new business methods and bypassing the guilds

Explain MercantilismWhat was life like for ordinary Europeans in America?

THE AGE OF ABSOLUTISM 1550-1800CHAPTER SEVENTEEN

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Extending Spanish Power2. France Under Louis XIV3. Triumph of Parliament in England4. Rise of Austria and Prussia5. Absolute Monarchy in Russia

Extending Spanish Power

The Big Idea – Philip II extended Spain’s power and helped establish a golden age

Vocabulary – Absolute monarch, armada Focus/Review – How did Spanish power increase

under Charles V and Philip II? How did the arts flourish during Spain’s golden age? Why did the Spanish economy decline in the 1600s?

Page 412

Charles V and Philip II Rulers Devine Describe the life and times of Charles

V Describe the life and times of Philip II Detail the wars of Philip II Why is the period from 1150 to 1650

considered Spain’s golden age? Why did Spanish power and

prosperity decline?

France Under Louis XIV

The Big Idea – Under the absolute rule of Louis XIV, France became the leading power of Europe

Vocabulary – Intendant, balance of power Focus/Review – How did France rebuild after its

wars of religion? How did Louis XIV strengthen royal power? What successes and failures did Louis XIV experience?

Page 416

Louis XIV

Describe the life and times of Louis XIV

What was Versailles, and how did it become a symbol of French power?

Where were the successes and failures of Louis XIV’s reign?

Triumph of Parliament in England

The Big Idea – During the 1600s, the British Parliament asserted its rights against royal claims to absolute power

Vocabulary – Dissenter, habeas corpus, limited monarchy

Focus/Review – How did the Tudors and the Stuarts differ in their relations with Parliament? How did the English Civil War lead to the rise of the Commonwealth? What were the causes and results of the Glorious Revolution?

Page 421

The Tudors and the Stuarts Describe the Tudors Describe the Stuarts Explain the causes of the English

Civil War Describe the causes and results of

the Glorious Revolution

Rise of Austria and Prussia

The Big Idea – Two great empires, Austria and Prussia, rose out of the ashes of the Thirty Years’ War

Vocabulary – Elector, mercenary, depopulation Focus/Review – What were the causes and results

of the Thirty Years’ War? How did Austria and Prussia emerge as great powers? How did European diplomats try to maintain a balance of power?

Page 427

Austria, Prussia, and War

Detail the Thirty Years’ War, and the impact it had on German states

Who was Maria Theresa? Explain her importance

Describe the rise of Prussia Who was Frederick II? Why was

he important? Why did European nations seek a balance of power? What

methods did they use?

Absolute Monarchy in Russia

The Big Idea – Czar Peter the Great and his successor, Catherine the Great, strengthened Russia and expanded Russian territory

Vocabulary – Westernization, boyar, partition Focus/Review – How did Peter the Great try to

make Russia into a modern state? What steps did Peter take to expand Russia’s borders? How did Catherine the Great strengthen Russia?

Page 431

Peter and Catherine the Great Describe the life and times of Peter

the Great How did Russia expand under his

rule? Describe the life and times of

Catherine the Great Describe her policies

ENLIGHTENMENT AND REVOLUTION1707-1850UNIT FIVE

THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION1707-1800CHAPTER EIGHTEEN

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Philosophy in the Age of Reason2. Enlightenment Ideas Spread3. Britain at Mid-Century4. Birth of the American Republic

Philosophy in the Age of Reason

The Big Idea – Enlightenment thinkers tried to apply reason and the laws of nature to human society

Vocabulary – Natural law, social contract, natural right, physiocrat, laissez faire

Focus/Review – How did scientific progress promote trust in human reason? How did the social contract and separation of powers affect views on government? How did new ideas affect society and the economy?

Page 446

Enlightened Thought

Describe Thomas Hobbes enlightened thoughts

Describe John Locke’s enlightened thoughts Describe the enlightened thoughts of Jean-

Jacques Rousseau Describe the enlightened thoughts of Denis

Diderot Describe the enlightened thoughts of Adam Smith

What role did women play in the enlightenment?

Enlightenment Ideas Spread

The Big Idea – Enlightenment ideas spread across Europe and prompted some rulers to make reform

Vocabulary – Salon, enlightened despot, baroque, rococo

Focus/Review – What roles did censorship and salons play in the spread of new ideas? How did philosophes influence enlightened despots? How did the Enlightenment affect arts and literature? Why were the lives of the majority unaffected?

Page 451

Everyone Wants to be Enlightened Describe the importance of salons to the

Enlightenment Describe each of the following

Enlightened despots in detail: Frederick the Great, Catherine the great, Joseph II

Describe Enlightened arts Describe Enlightened literature How did the Enlightenment

affect the lives of the majority?

Britain at Mid-Century

The Big Idea – Britain's Island location, colonial possessions, and powerful navy contributed to its rise to world power

Vocabulary – Constitutional government, cabinet, prime minister, oligarchy

Focus/Review – What influences spurred Britain’s rise to global power? How did the growth of constitutional government reflect conditions in politics and society? How did George III reassert royal power?

Page 456

Constitutional Governments Explain how each of the following

contributed to Britain's rise to global power: Geography, success in war, attitudes towards business and commerce

How did the British cabinet and office of prime minister develop?

What goals did George III have when he became king?

Birth of the American Republic

The Big Idea – Colonial opposition to British trade and tax policies led to independence and the founding of the United States of America

Vocabulary – Popular sovereignty, Loyalist, federal republic

Focus/Review – What were the chief characteristics of the 13 English colonies? How did growing discontent lead to the American Revolution? How did the new constitution reflect the ideas of the Enlightenment?

Page 460

Revolution

Describe colonial law, society, and politics in the mid-1700s

Explain why conflict between the colonists and Britain increased after 1763

Give an example of how Enlightenment ideas were reflected in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON 1789-1815CHAPTER NINETEEN

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. On the Eve of Revolution2. Creating a New France3. Radical Days4. The Age of Napoleon Begins5. The End of an Era

On the Eve of Revolution

The Big Idea – Social unrest, economic troubles, and the desire for political reforms led to the French Revolution

Vocabulary – Bourgeoisie, deficit spending Focus/Review – What was the social structure of

the old regime? Why did France face economic troubles in 1789? Why did Louis XVI call the Estates General? Why did a Paris crowd storm the Bastille?

Page 468

The French Revolution

Describe the Old Regime in means of: The First Estate, the Second Estate, and the Third Estate (detail each of their roles in society)

What economic troubles did France have in 1789?

What issues arose when Louis XVI called the Estates Generalin 1789?

What was the significance of the storming of the Bastille?

Creating a New France

The Big Idea – The National Assembly instituted political and social reforms in the moderate first stage of the revolution

Vocabulary – Faction, émigré, republic Focus/Review – How did popular revolts contribute

to the French Revolution? What moderate reforms did the National Assembly enact? How did foreign reaction to the revolution help lead to war?

Page 473

Revolt in Paris

What role did the people of Paris play in the French Revolution?

Describe how the National Assembly enacted reform through each of the following: the Declaration of the Rights of an and the Citizen, the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the Constitution of 1791

Why did women march on Paris? What reaction did people o outside of France have to

e events occurring in France?

Radical Days

The Big Idea – A radical phase of the revolution led to the monarchy’s downfall and a time of violence known as the Reign of Terror

Vocabulary – Suffrage, secular Focus/Review – why did radicals abolish the

monarchy? How did the excesses of the Convention lead to the Directory? What impact did the revolution have on women and daily life?

Page 478

France in Chaos

Explain the executions of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

Why did radical revolutionaries oppose the monarchy?

Who is Robespierre? Describe The Reign of

Terror Explain changing roles

for women in France How did the Revolution

change daily lives for French people?

The Age of Napoleon Begins

The Big Idea – Napoleon rose to power in France and built a vast empire that included much of Europe

Vocabulary – Plebiscite, annex, blockade Focus/Review – How did Napoleon rise to

power? How were revolutionary reforms changed under Napoleon? How did Napoleon build an empire in Europe?

Page 484

France Meets Napoleon

Describe Napoleon’s rise to power What revolutionary reforms were

undone by Napoleon? How did Napoleon preserve some of the principles of the Enlightenment?

How did Napoleon come to dominate most of Europe?

Why did his efforts to subdue Britain fail?

The End of an Era

The Big Idea – Napoleon was finally defeated, but revolutionary ideals and the postwar peace settlement affected Europe for many years

Vocabulary – Guerrilla warfare, abdicate Focus/Review – What challenges threatened

Napoleon’s empire? What events led to Napoleon’s downfall? What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna?

Page 488

Downfall of Napoleon

What challenges did Napoleon face in Spain, Austria, and Russia?

Describe the downfall of Napoleon including his exile and return as well as the Battle of Waterloo

What was Napoleon’s legacy?

What were the chief goalsof the Congress of Vienna

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS1750-1850CHAPTER TWENTY

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Dawn of the Industrial Age2. Britain Leads the Way3. Hardships of Early Industrial Life4. New Ways of Thinking

Dawn of the Industrial Age

The Big Idea – The Industrial Revolution had an impact on every aspect of life in Western Europe and the United States

Vocabulary – Anesthetic, enclosure, smelt Focus/Review – Why was the Industrial Revolution a

turning point in world history? How did an agricultural revolution contribute to population growth? What new technologies helped trigger the Industrial Revolution?

Page 498

Agricultural Revolution

Identify and describe the following men: Charles Townshend, Jethro Tull, Thomas Newcomen, James Watt, and Abraham Darby

Describe how the Industrial Revolution changed daily life, becoming a turning point in history

Identify three causes of the population explosion in Europe

Explain the impact of steam power and the improved iron

Britain Leads the Way

The Big Idea – The Industrial Revolution originated in Britain

Vocabulary – Capital, turnpike Focus/Review – Why was Britain the starting

point for the Industrial Revolution? What changes transformed the textile industry? What new technologies were part of the revolution in trnasportation?

Page 501

Technological Growth

Identify and describe the following men: John Kay, James Hargreaves, Richard Arkwright, and George Stephenson

Describe four factors that helped bring about the Industrial Revolution in Britain

How did the Industrial Revolution transform thetextile industry

How did transportation improve in the early 1800s?Give examples

Hardships of Early Industrial Life

The Big Idea – The Industrial Revolution created material benefits as well as social problems

Vocabulary – Urbanization, tenement, labor union Focus/Review – What was life like in the new

industrial city? How did the factory system change the way people worked? What benefits and problems did industrialization bring to the working class and the new middle class?

Page 505

Factory City Life

What was life like in the new industrial cities? Describe the rigid system of discipline in the

factory system What was life like for women workers? What was life like for child laborers? Who were the Luddites and was their mission?

Describe Methodism Describe life for the middle class during the Industrial Revolution

How was the Industrial Revolution a blessing, how was it a curse?

New Ways of Thinking

The Big Idea – The Industrial Revolution fostered new ideas about business and economics

Vocabulary – Utilitarianism, socialism, communism, proletariat

Focus/Review – What was laissez-faire economics? How did the views of utilitarians differ from those of socialists? What were the ideas of “scientific socialism” introduced by Karl Marx?

Page 510

Social Viewpoints

Identify and describe the following men: Thomas Malthus, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, Adam Smith, and David Ricardo

Describe Laissez-Faire economics Describe utilitarian thoughts Describe socialism

REVOLUTIONS IN EUROPE AND LATIN AMERICA 1790-1848CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. An Age of Ideologies2. Revolutions of 1830 and 18483. Latin American Wars of Independence

An Age of Ideologies

The Big Idea – After 1815, the clash of people with opposing ideologies plunged Europe into an era of turmoil that lasted more than 30 years

Vocabulary – Ideology, Universal manhood suffrage, autonomy

Focus/Review – What were the goals of conservatives? How did liberalism and nationalism challenge the old order? Why was Europe plagued by revolts after 1815?

Page 518

European Thoughts and Belief Systems Identify the following: Conservatives, liberals,

and nationalists What were the goals of conservative leaders? How did the political goals of liberals differ from

those of conservatives? How did nationalists threaten the system set up

by Metternich? Why did the Serbs and Greeks revolt?

Why were there uprisings in Spain, Portugal, and

the Italian states?

Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

The Big Idea – Revolutions broke out across Europe in 1830 and 1848, but most failed to achieve their goals

Vocabulary – Ultraroyalist, recession Focus/Review – Why did revolutions occur in

France in 1830 and 1848? How did revolution spread in 1830? What were the results of the 1848 revolutions?

Page 521

More French Revolutions

Identify and describe the following people: Charles X, Louis Philippe, Louis Napoleon, Louis Kossurth, and Frederick William IV

Describe the Charter of French Liberties Describe the Frankfurt Assembly Describe the causes and effects of the French

Revolution of 1830 Describe the causes and effects of

the French Revolution of 1848 To what lands did revolution

spread in 1830? Where theserevolutions successful? Explain

Latin American Wars of Independence

The Big Idea – In the early 1800s, many new nations emerged in Latin America as independence movements freed people from European rule

Vocabulary – Peninsular, creole, mestizo, mulatto Focus/Review – What caused discontent in Latin

America? How did Haitians, Mexicans, and people in Central America win independence? How did the nations of South America win independence?

Page 527

Gaining Independence

Identify the following people: Toussaint L’Ourerture, Miguel Hidalgo, el Grito de Dolores, Jose Morelos, Tupac Amaru, Simon Bolivar, Dom Pedro

How did social structures contribute to discontent in Latin America?

What was the first step on Haiti’s road to independence?

Why did creoles refuse to support Hidalgo or Morelos?

How did successful military campaigns lead to the creation of independent nations in South America?