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Unit A

ofThe NatureScience

The NatureScience

Science, Engineering, and TechnologyUnit A

ofThe NatureScience

The NatureScience

Science, Engineering, and Technology

What is science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Try It! Why is it important to communicate clearly? . . . . . . . . 4

Text Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Lesson 1 What questions do scientists ask? . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Lesson 2 What skills do scientists use? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Explore It! How can observations help you make an inference? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Classify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Lesson 3 How do scientists answer questions? . . . . . . . . 16

Explore It! How can a model help answer questions? . . . . . 16

Lesson 4 How do scientists communicate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Explore It! How can scientists communicate what they learn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Lesson 5 How do scientists use tools and stay safe? . . 28

Explore It! How can a tool help scientists observe? . . . . . . 28

Investigate It! How does a microscope help you make observations? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Study Guide and Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Ohio Benchmark Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

This scientist is recording her observations.

Go online for engaging videos, interactivities, and virtual labs.

Design ProcessDesign ProcessTechnologyTechnologyand the

Ohio Table of C

ontents • O

hio Table of Contents •

Ohio Table of C

ontents • O


Ohio Table of C

ontents

Design ProcessDesign ProcessTechnologyTechnologyand the

How can technology affect our lives? . . . . . . . . . . 47

Try It! How can you design a parachute? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Main Idea and Details . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Lesson 1 What is technology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Lesson 2 What is a machine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Explore It! How can a simple machine solve a problem? . . 54

Lesson 3 What is the design process? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Explore It! Which design transfers sound the best? . . . . . . 60

Read a Circle Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Investigate It! What makes a bridge strong? . . . . . . . . . . . 66

STEM Lawn Mowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Study Guide and Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Ohio Benchmark Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Big World, My World Studying Clouds from Space . . 77

Design It! What parachute design works best? . . . . . . . . . 78

Unit A Performance-Based Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Engineers can look inside this digital audio player to learn about its design.


PlantsPlants

Unit BLife Science

How do plants grow and change? . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Try It! How do plants change? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Text Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Lesson 1 How do plants use roots and stems

to grow? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Explore It! Which way will roots grow? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Lesson 2 How do plants use flowers or cones

to reproduce? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Explore It! What is inside a seed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Elapsed Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Lesson 3 What are the life cycles of some plants? . . . . 116

Fun Fact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Investigate It! How does water move through celery? . . . . 122

Study Guide and Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Ohio Benchmark Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Field Trip International Space Station . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Plants need food, air, water, and space to live and grow.


ThingsLivingThings

Living

A young antelope inherits characteristics from its parent.

How do living things grow and change? . . . . . . . . .135

Try It! How can shells be classified? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Lesson 1 How are offspring like their parents? . . . . . . . 138

Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Lesson 2 What are the life cycles of some animals? . . 154

Explore It! What is the life cycle of a grain beetle? . . . . . 154

Investigate It! What do leaves have in common? . . . . . . . 162

STEM Shark Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164



Ohio Table of C

ontents • O


Ohio Table of C

ontents • O


Ohio Table of C

ontents


andEarthEarth

WeatherWeather

Unit CEarth Science

Tools, such as rain gauges, help scientists measure and describe weather.

How do forces cause changes on Earth’s surface? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Try It! How does water temperature affect evaporation? . . 176

Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Lesson 1 What are minerals and rocks? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Explore It! How can you sort rocks? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Lesson 2 What is soil? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Explore It! What makes up soil? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Read a Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Renewable Energy Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OH2

Nonrenewable Energy Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OH4

Earth’s Resources: Contamination and Overuse . . . . . . . . . OH6

Investigate It! What can cause rock to crack? . . . . . . . . . 204

Biography Dr . Elissa R . Levine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206



Unit C Performance-Based Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Learn More About It!

5Chapter

Unit CEarth Science


Unit DPhysical Science

These objects are matter and have properties such as size, color, texture, and hardness.

Ohio Table of C

ontents • O


Ohio Table of C

ontents • O


Ohio Table of C

ontents

MatterMatter

Learn More About It!

How can matter be described? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Try It! How can you classify objects? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Compare and Contrast . . . . . . . . . . 223

Lesson 1 What is matter? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Fun Fact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Lesson 2 What are states of matter? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Explore It! What makes water change states? . . . . . . . . . 246

Lesson 3 How is matter measured? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Explore It! How can mass and volume be measured? . . . . 262

Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Compressing Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OH8

Investigate It! Does the method you use to measure affect your results? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

STEM Paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280




How can energy change? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Try It! How can energy of motion change? . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Cause and Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Lesson 1 What are some forms of energy? . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Let’s Blog! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Lesson 2 How does energy change form? . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Explore It! How can sound energy change form? . . . . . . 300

Model and Apply Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Lesson 3 How do light and matter interact? . . . . . . . . . 306

Explore It! What happens when light is reflected in many directions? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Lesson 4 What are heat and light energy? . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Misconception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Lesson 5 What is sound energy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Explore It! What can affect the sound made by a rubber band? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Lesson 6 What is electrical energy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Explore It! How can you control electrical energy? . . . . . 324

Investigate It! How does heat cause motion? . . . . . . . . . . 330

Careers Electrical Engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332



The siren on this fire truck produces sound energy by causing matter to vibrate.

EnergyEnergyand

Its FormsIts Forms


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