unit two
DESCRIPTION
UNIT TWO. Understanding Hazardous Materials. Potential Outcomes TRACEM. Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion) Radiological Asphyxiation (Oxygen Deficiency) Chemical exposure Etiological (Biological Hazards) Mechanical. Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
HazMat/WMD Awareness Unit 2 slide 1
UNIT TWO
Understanding Hazardous Materials
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Potential OutcomesTRACEM
• Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion)• Radiological• Asphyxiation (Oxygen Deficiency)• Chemical exposure• Etiological (Biological Hazards)• Mechanical
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Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion)
• Heat from a fire or the heat released by a chemical reaction
• Extreme cold, such as liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids
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Radiological
Alpha - Most damaging, but least penetratingHazard – InternalShielding – Paper, dead layer of skin, travels 1 to 2 cm in air
+ +
Beta - Small particle; low penetrationHazard - Primarily external, but also internalShielding - Plastic, safety glasses, travels several feet in air
- -
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• Neutron - Highly penetrating• Hazard - External - most external dose due to
gamma• Shielding – plastic, water N
Gamma / X - Highly penetratingHazard - External - most external dose due to gammaShielding - Lead, steel, concrete, thick layers of water
Radiological (cont.)
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Characteristics of Radiation
Example of the penetrating power of the various types of ionizing radiation
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Asphyxiation
• Oxygen Deficiency• Chemical Reaction
THE RELEASE OF CERTAIN PRODUCTS (I.E. NITROGEN) CAN DEPLETE THE OXYGEN LEVEL BELOW SURVIVAL LIMITS.
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Chemical
• Toxic or poisonous effects• Destructive effects from the exposure of
the chemical on human tissue
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Etiological
• Bacteria• Viruses
Bacillus anthracis
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Mechanical
• Debris• Excessive percussion (Noise)
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Routes of exposure
• Inhalation• Ingestion• Absorption• Injection
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Inhalation
• Nose• Throat• Trachea• Lungs
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Ingestion
• Mouth• Throat• Esophagus• Stomach• Intestines
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Absorption
• Eyes• Skin
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Injection
• Needles• Projectiles• Shards• Nails
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Exposure to Hazards
• Acute• Chronic
• Both types of exposures can have acute (immediate) and/or chronic (long term) effects.
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Terrorist Events
• Intentional release• Secondary devices• Inflict mass casualties
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Terrorist Chemical Agents• Choking Agents• Blood Agents• Blister Agents• Nerve Agents
The symptoms of these exposures can range from a runny nose to rapid death and are considered to be available to terrorist groups worldwide.
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Emergency Medical Care
Treatment only after emergency decon
“Safety First”
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Emergency DeconIf a rescue is attempted and is successful • the victim and the rescuer should be flushed
with copious amounts of water• Strip their outer level of clothing • await hazardous materials operations level
responders to arrive
THE RESCUER NOW BECOMES A VICTIM BECAUSE OF UNKNOWN HAZARD
EXPOSURE!!!
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UNIT TWO TEST