Unit2

Fruitful Questions

Who Doesn’t Belong?

Who Doesn’t Belong?

What Doesn’t Belong?

What does not belong ?

Sesame Street

Sesame Street is an educational American children’s television series designed for preschoolers, and is recognized as a pioneer of the contemporary standard which combines education and entertainment in children’s television shows.

It is produced in the United States by Sesame Workshop, and broadcasted on November 10, 1969. Because of its positive influence, Sesame Street has earned the distinction of being the foremost and most highly regarded educator of children in the world.

Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543)

Polish astronomer ＆ mathematician who held the view that the Earth and the other planets all travel in circles around the Sun.

his great work De Revolutionibus

Häagen-Dazs and Reuben Mattus

Reuben Mattus, a young entrepreneur with a passion for quality and a vision for creating the finest ice cream, worked in his mother’s ice cream business selling fruit ice and ice cream pops from a horse drawn wagon in the bustling streets of the Bronx, New York. To produce the finest ice cream available, he insisted on using only the finest, purest ingredients.

The family business grew and prospered throughout the 1930s, 40s and 50s, and by 1961 Mr. Mattus decided to form a new company dedicated to his ice cream vision. He called his new brand Häagen-Dazs, to convey an aura 氛围 of the old-world traditions and craftsmanship to which he remained dedicated

Häagen-Dazs started out with only three flavors: vanilla, chocolate and coffee. But Mr. Mattus’ passion for quality soon took him to the four corners of the globe.

The Häagen-Dazs brand quickly developed a loyal following. Then in 1976, Mr. Mattus’ daughter Doris opened the first Häagen-Dazs shop. It was an immediate success, and its popularity led to a rapid expansion of Häagen-Dazs shops across the country.

Edward Jenner

an English country doctor who pioneered 　 vaccination

He was born on May 17, 1749 in the small village 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

In the eighteenth century, before Jenner, smallpox was a killer disease, as widespread as cancer or heart diseases in the twentieth century but with the difference that the majority of its victims were infants and young children.

Jenner’s discovery in 1796 that vaccination with cowpox gave immunity ( 免疫 ) to smallpox, was an immense medical breakthrough and has saved countless lives. In 1980, as a result of Jenner’s discovery, the World Health Assembly officially declared “the world and its peoples” free from endemic smallpox.

Global Reading

1. Part Division of the Text 2. Further Understanding For Part 1 Questions and Answers For Part 2 Table Completion For Part 3 True or False For Part 4 Discussion

Part Division of the Text Part1(1~5 )

The author’s children teach him about paradigm shifts.

Part1(6~8 )

Three examples of shifting old paradigms in history.

Part1(9~12) The importance of shifting old paradigms. Part1(13 )

The author encourages people to look at information in a new way.

Questions and Answers

1. What were the author and his children playing that night?

“What Doesn’t Belong?” based on the Sesame Street game.

2. What was the question the father put to his children?

What doesn’t belong, an orange, a tomato or a strawberry?

3. What was the oldest child’s answer to the question? And what did the father think of his answer?

The oldest child’s answer was that tomato doesn’t belong because it was not fruit and his father thought it was a right answer.

4. What answers did his 4-year-old and his 6-year-old children give?

His 4-year-old chose strawberry because the other two were round and strawberry wasn’t, while the 6-year-old believed that orange didn’t belong because the other two were red.

5. Why did the 9-year-old and the middle one add to the answers?

Because they did not want to be outdone by their siblings.

Part 2 Examples

CopernicusHe placed the sun at the center of the

universe, readjusting the centuries-old paradigm of Earth-centered system.

Reuben MattusHe renamed his Bronx ice cream Häag

en -Dazs and raised the price without changing the product.

Edward JennerHe discovered a vaccination for smallp

ox by abandoning his quest for a cure.

Part 3 True or False1 If the game “what doesn’t belong?” had

been a workbook exercise in school, each choice of the kids would have been acceptable.

FIf the game “what doesn’t belong?” had been

a workbook exercise in school, every kid who didn’t circle tomato would have been marked wrong.

2 Almost all of the world’s most brilliant scientists and inventors were failures in school.

F Many of the world’s most brilliant scientists

and inventors were failures in school.3 Only if we shift our paradigms and

refocus our parameters can we take the great advantage of the super information highway.

T

4 Edward Jenner discovered a vaccination for smallpox by accumulating and uncovering more information.

FEdward Jenner didn’t invent preve

ntive medicine by accumulating information; but by reframing the question

5 Copernicus didn’t do anything more Earth-shattering than completely change the way the universe was viewed.

FCopernicus didn’t do anything less Eart

h-shattering than completely change the way the universe was viewed.

6 The key point is not the lack of information because what we need is not more information but new ways of looking at it.

T

Detailed Reading

1shift: ① n. A. a change in the way peop

le think about something, in the way something is done,etc.

e.g. For most city dwellers, it is a welcome shift from town to country life.

B. if workers in a factory, hospital, etc. work shifts, they work for a particular period of time during the day or night, and are then replaced by others, so that there are always people working

e.g. He is on the night shift this week.

② v. move from one place or position to another, or make something do this

Don’t try to shift the responsibility onto me.

The wind has shifted from north to south.

人们逐渐从乡村转向了城市。People gradually shift from the co

untry to the town.

Collocations:

shift the blame / responsibility onto (somebody)

shift one’s ground shift for oneself 自谋生计

c.f. move, shift, transfer & remove这些动词均可表示“从一处移往另一处”之意。 move 普通用词，指从一处到另一外

的任何距离的转移。It was calm and not a leaf moved. shift 侧重位置与方向的改变。The cargo has shifted by the moveme

nt of the ship.

transfer 一般表示转送或移交迁移，尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的调等。

The head office has been transferred from Shanghai to Beijing.

remove 作“移动”解时，与 move 可换用，其内涵较窄，多指从某处移走不要的东西；还可指撤职或开除学藉等。

Please remove your bag from the seat so that I can sit down.

2 linear: adj. consisting of lines; or in the form of a straight line

The thinking pattern of westerners is linear, while Chinese thinking pattern is circular.

How beautiful the vase is with a linear design!

3 belong:

be a member of a group or organization; be related to sth. or form part of it; if sth. belongs to someone, they own it

Which club do you belong to?The properties belong to my aunt now belong tobelong in 归类于；应该在某处

4 deliver: v. 1) take (letters, parcels, goods, etc.) to

the places or people they are addressedThe parcel was delivered to my door.A postman is a man employed to deliver

letters and parcels.2) make a speech, etc. to a lot of peopleShe delivered a talk on philosophy to

the society.

3) do or provide the things you are expected to, because you are responsible for them or they are part of your job

If you can’t deliver improved sales figure, you’ll be fired.

你认为政府会履行减税的诺言吗？Do you think the government will d

eliver the promised tax cuts?

5 smug: adj. showing too much satisfaction with your own cleverness or success — used to show disapproval; self-satisfied

He led a life of smug respectability.He is unbearably smug about getting i

nto university.他的脸上露出自鸣得意的微笑。A smug smile reveals on his face.

6 purist: n.

someone who believes that sth. should be done in the correct or traditional way, especially in the areas of art, sport, music, and language

Purists were shocked by the changes made to the text of the play.

She’s a terrible purist about language.

7 argue: v. 1) disagree with someone in words, of

ten in an angry way We argued with the waiter about the p

rice of the meal.2) state or give clear reasons that sth.

is true, should be done, etc.He was arguing that poverty may be a

blessing.It could be argued that sending men t

o the moon is a waste of money.

3) persuade sb. to do or not to do something

They argued him into withdrawing his complaint.

Pattern: argue with sb. about / over sth.argue for / againstargue sb. into / out of doing sth.

8 outdo: v. be better or more successful than someone else at doing sth.

She determined to outdo her brother at work and games.

为了不让别人胜过自己，他又试一次。 Not to be outdone, he tried again. out 通常放在名词的前面表示“外面”或“外部”

的意思 outdoors, outhouse out 通常放在动词的前面表示“超过”或“超越”

的意思。 Women in this age group outnumber men by three

to one. When he retired he felt he had outlived his usefuln

ess.

9 abandon: v.1) leave a ship because it is sinkingThe sailors were ordered to abandon the

sinking ship.2) stop doing sth. because there are too

many problems and it is impossible to continue

The match was abandoned because of bad weather.

We urge people who smoke to abandon the habit.

9 quest:n. a long search for sth. that is diffi

cult to find; trying to find or get sth.She had come in quest of advice.The quest for selfhood was alway

s the theme for women writers.

10 cure: n. a medicine or medical treatment th

at makes an illness go away; sth. that solves a problem, or improves a bad situation

The doctor cannot guarantee a cure.What is the cure for the plight of the h

omeless?癌症迄今为止有无有效的治疗方法？Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?

v. make someone well again after they have been ill; solve a problem

The doctor cured him of heart disease.Have scientists found effective medicin

e to treat cancer up to now?They haven’t found medicine that cure

s.The government tried to cure social dis

content at home by making war abroad.

11 expose: 1) uncover or make (sth.) visible; display When she smiled she exposed a set of per

fect white teeth. 2) put someone in a situation where they a

re not protected from sth. dangerous or unpleasant

Soldiers were exposed to the enemy’s gunfire.

The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.

3) show the truth about sb. or sth. , especially when it is bad

That unfortunate remark exposed his ignorance of the subject.

expose a film

12 contract: v. 1) become smaller or narrower Metals contract as they get cooler. 2) sign a contract in which you agree form

ally that you will do sth. or sb. will do sth. for you

Having contracted with them to do the repairs, we cannot withdraw now.

We have contracted with a firm for the supply of fuel.

3) get or develop (an illness) My son has contracted malaria.

13 mild: adj.

1) a mild person has a gentle character and does not easily get angry

She is a very mild-mannered personHe has too mild a nature to get angry,

even if he has good reason.2) (of weather) fairly warmIt’s been a mild winter this year.

3) (of food) not very strong or hot-tasting

People in the north like to eat hot food, while people in the south tend to eat milder food.

4) a mild illness or health problem is not serious

He suffered a mild heart attack.

15 reminder: sth. that makes you notice, remember or t

hink about sth. The statue is a lasting reminder of Churchi

ll’s greatness. The waiter was clearing the tables, which

served as a reminder that it was time to leave.

The photographs are a lasting reminder of life in the 1920s.

16 bring up: 1) look after and influence a child until he or s

he is grown up She has brought up five children 2) mention a subject or start to talk about it I didn’t dare to bring up the question of mone

y. All these problems were brought up at the las

t conference. 3) vomit He ate his dinner and then promptly brought i

t all up again.

17 clamor(u)r: vi. demand sth. loudly; talk or shout loudly

The public are clamoring for a change of government.

The newspapers clamored against the government’s policy.

孩子们吵着要东西吃。The children were clamoring to be fed.

18 access: n. 1) the way you use to enter a building or re

ach a place The only access to the farmhouse is acros

s the fields. 2) the right to enter a place, use sth. , see

sb, etc. Students must have access to good books. 只有教授才有权利进入那个实验室。 Only professors have access to that lab.

19shatter: v. break suddenly into small pieces; completel

y destroy someone’s hopes, beliefs, or confidence

The glass shattered.This event shattered all my previous id

eas.Hopes of reaching an agreement were

shattered.The explosion shattered every window

in the building

20 “A hammer” and “a nail” here ar

e used as two metaphors symbolizing the old paradigms and the fixed patterns of thinking.

If you look at things only in one way, most likely you will fail to see the nature of your problem and consequently you won’t be able to solve it.

Discussion

In the long history of human education, testing a person by examinations is regarded as the only reliable and feasible method to measure one’s knowledge and capability. In recent years, a growing number of people have begun to challenge the reliability and feasibility of examinations. They believe that formal examination is out of date. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

For much pressure unfavorable to students’ creativity unhealthy competition psychological problems high marks and poor ability Against unified authoritative method fair and scientific a long-tested and time-honored system a must for the students to know the basic knowled

ge

How to write a Letter Format for a letter

1 信头 （ Heading ）

2 收信人的姓名与地址 （ Inside Name and Address ）

3 称呼 （ Salutation ）

4 正文 （ Body of the Letter ）

5 结束语 （ Complimentary Close ）

6 署名 （ Signature ）

如果有附言（ Postscript — P.S. ）或附件（ Enclosure — Encl.

Dear Professor Richards, I have just received the invitation to accept a resear

ch fellowship with your department. Thank you very much for sending them.

I am not certain that I will get my Chinese passport and J-I visa from the American Embassy soon enough for me to arrive by June 15. Even if I get these things in time, I may not be able to get a ticket until June 20.

Would you please write me whether or not my arrival date can be extended until June 30? I should be able to arrive by then.

I appreciate all your help. Sincerely yours,

Imagination is more important than knowledge.

— Einstein, American scientist