UNITATEA 3: POWER AND LEADERSHIP

La sfârşitul acestui curs, studentul va putea: − să formuleze opinii în limba engleză referitoare la instituţiile politice − să utilizeze corect modalităţi de exprimare a viitorului diferite de Future

Tense Simple şi Future Tense Continuous

Cunoştinţe privind varietatea manierei în care timpul viitor poate fi exprimat în limba engleză.

Engleza pentru admitere, Bantaş, Andrei, Ed. Teora, Bucureşti, 1995, vol. 1; Practise Your Tenses, Adamson, Donald, Longman, 1996; Exerciţii de gramatica limbii engleze, Gălăţeanu-Fârnoagă, Georgiana, Editura Albatros, Bucureşti, 1987:

Două ore

Pre-reading What is a leader going to do if he prefers using: CONCEPT DEFINITION FAVOURITE REPLY Power 1. a. Coercion 2. b. Authority 3. c. Traditional authority 4. d. Charismatic authority 5. e. Rational-legal authority 6. f. Influence 7. g. Match the concepts to their corresponding definitions and to their suitable replies (see the two columns below). DEFINITIONS REPLIES Exercise of power through force or threat of force. “I know you’ve been wondering

how you might serve me, …”(unlikely).

Authority based on sanctity of time-honoured routines.

“I don’t feel very well today; would you help me mow the lawn?”

Authority based on submission to a set of rationally established rules.

“Do it or else.”

Ability to get others to act as one wishes in spite of their resistance; includes coercion and authority.

“I’m your father and I told you to mow the lawn.”

Not power, but ability to persuade others to change their decisions.

“It is your turn to mow the lawn; I did it last week.”

Authority based on extraordinary characteristics of leader.

“It is your duty to mow the lawn.”

Power supported by norms and values. “I know you don’t want to mow the lawn, but you have to do it anyway.”

Reading Text page 391, Sociology

Political Institutions

“Power inequalities are built into almost all social institutions. In institutions as varied as the school and the family, roles associated with status pairs such as student/teacher and parent/child specify unequal power relationships as the normal and desirable standard.

In a very general sense, political institutions are all those institutions concerned with the social structure of power. This general definition includes many of the institutions of society. The family, the workplace, the school, and even the church or synagogue have structured social inequality in decision making. The most prominent political institutions, however, is the state. The State as the Dominant Political Institution

The state is the social structure that successfully claims a monopoly on the legitimate use of coercion and physical force within a territory. Legitimacy of the State

The stability of any political system, democratic or authoritarian, depends on the degree to which it is supported by society’s norms and values. If the legitimacy of the system is widely supported, then it can govern by authority.

Lack of legitimacy can be a problem for both democratic and authoritarian systems. Many of the democratic governments of South America, for example, have foundered because their citizens did not share strong norms about the superiority of rational-legal authority. Lacking these norms, they offered little support for democratic governments and little resistance when military juntas or other dictators took the reins of government.”

LANGUAGE FOCUS New Vocabulary: (in)equality; similes; a pair of; coercion; charisma; threat, menace; to submit to, submission; to persuade, to convince; to mow the lawn; duty, to be on duty, to do one’s duty, duty-free; one’s turn. GRAMMAR FOCUS 1.Expressing intention about the future: “be going to” future. Practice What are you going to do when you graduate from university ? (Mention at least three things). 2.Expressing actions in the immediate future:”be about to” future. Follow up Activity: Pictures from Magazines What are they about to do? He’s/she’s about to….. 3.Expressing formally planned future actions with the Simple Present.

4. Expressing informally planned future actions with the Present Progressive.

Political institutions, Legitimacy of the state